Novel Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Model for Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells to Reveal Possible Disease Mechanisms for Macular Degeneration in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticu... by Taina Viheriälä, Heidi Hongisto, Lyydia Saari, Marika Oksanen, Tanja Ilmarinen, Suvi Väärämäki, Hannu Uusitalo, Pasi Nevalainen, Heli Skottman

“…The exact mechanism for the retinal pathophysiology is not known, and patients have variable symptoms and findings. …”
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Imaging flow cytometry reveals the mechanism of equine arteritis virus entry and internalization by Agata Kublicka, Daria Lorek, Agata Mikołajczyk-Martinez, Grzegorz Chodaczek, Aleksandra Chwirot, Barbara Bażanów, Anna Karolina Matczuk

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Severe Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve Stenosis and Heart Failure in a Young Woman with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Siddharth Wartak, Isaac Akkad, Adnan Sadiq, Gregory Crooke, Manfred Moskovits, Robert Frankel, Gerald Hollander, Jacob Shani

“…This case highlights the pathophysiology of lupus causing stenosis of prosthetic valves and low ejection cardiomyopathy.…”
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Advancing Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Research: Insights from Transgenic Animal Models and Innovative Therapies by Xinyuejia Huang, Linglong Xiao, Mengqi Wang, Yang Wu, Hao Deng, Wei Wang

“…In addition, we present the advantages and limitations of these models and discuss their future in helping further understand the pathophysiology and advanced treatment. Here, we highlight current frontline treatment approaches for OCD, including neuromodulation and surgical interventions, and propose potential future directions. …”
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Androgens and Adipose Tissue in Males: A Complex and Reciprocal Interplay by Caterina Mammi, Matilde Calanchini, Antonella Antelmi, Francesca Cinti, Giuseppe M. C. Rosano, Andrea Lenzi, Massimiliano Caprio, Andrea Fabbri

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The Effect of Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation on the Activity of the Somatotropic Axis in Sheep by Maciej Wójcik, Dorota Anna Zieba, Joanna Bochenek, Agata Krawczyńska, Marcin Barszcz, Alina Gajewska, Hanna Antushevich, Andrzej Przemysław Herman

“…The hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic (HPS) axis controls many physiological and pathophysiological processes. The phenomenon of insensitivity to growth hormone resistance (GHres) was previously reported to be due to the development of inflammation. …”
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Interrelation of irritable bowel syndrome and bacterial overgrowth: is there any? by Yu. A. Kucheryavy, S. V. Cheryomushkin, Ye. A. Mayevskaya, Ye. A. Sutugina

“…From positions of pathophysiology it is possible to believe, that the IBS causes background for development of BOS, on the contrary, BOS increases risk of IBS development. …”
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Decoding the molecular, cellular, and functional heterogeneity of zebrafish intracardiac nervous system by Andrea Pedroni, Elanur Yilmaz, Lisa Del Vecchio, Prabesh Bhattarai, Inés Talaya Vidal, Yu-Wen E. Dai, Konstantinos Koutsogiannis, Caghan Kizil, Konstantinos Ampatzis

“…The classification and characterization of the IcNS presented here serve as a valuable resource for further exploration into the mechanisms underlying heart functionality and the pathophysiology of associated cardiac disorders.…”
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Intracranial artery dolichoectasia: What should the neurologist know? by Lorena Dellagnesi Depieri, Renan Rodrigues Neves Ribeiro do Nascimento, Lorena Souza Viana

“…To minimize the risk of misdiagnosis, we briefly elucidated the pathophysiology of IADE, correlating it with clinical and radiological features. …”
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Advanced Imaging Modalities in the Detection of Cerebral Vasospasm by Jena N. Mills, Vivek Mehta, Jonathan Russin, Arun P. Amar, Anandh Rajamohan, William J. Mack

“…The pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is complex and is not entirely understood. …”
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Study of an outbreak of jaundice in Rajshahi, Bangladesh: a sociodemographic and clinical manifestation by Mahi Mubassira, Muntasir Alam Muhib, Syed Abeed-Ul-Haque, Sanzida Khanam, Faruk Hasan

“…Blood and urine samples were tested via an automated clinical chemistry analyzer to confirm the pathophysiology. Moreover, sociodemographic status, food habits and living areas were considered for the patients. …”
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Relationship of Retinal Vessel Caliber with Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Sara Toulouie, Sean Chang, Julia Pan, Kiersten Snyder, Glenn Yiu

“…A lower arteriole-to-venule ratio may be associated with AMD severity, with narrower arterioles seen in the eyes with geographic atrophy, suggesting a role of the retinal vasculature in AMD pathophysiology. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00000145.…”
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Role of Leucine-Rich Repeat–Containing G-Protein-Coupled Receptors 4–6 (LGR4–6) in the Ovary and Other Female Reproductive Organs: A Literature Review by Yu-Hsun Chang, Kun-Chi Wu, Kai-Hung Wang, Dah-Ching Ding

“…LGR4–6 regulate the pathophysiology of female reproductive tissues. LGR4–6 are promising therapeutic targets for treating reproductive cancers and other related disorders. …”
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Aspergillus Thyroiditis: A Complication of Respiratory Tract Infection in an Immunocompromised Patient by Madiha M. Alvi, David S. Meyer, Nicholas J. Hardin, James G. deKay, Annis M. Marney, Matthew P. Gilbert

“…The authors review the diagnostic challenges, pathophysiology, and treatment of this condition.…”
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In silico data mining of large-scale databases for the virtual screening of human interleukin-2 inhibitors by Halim Sobia Ahsan, Zaheer-Ul-Haq, Khan Ajmal, Al-Rawahi Ahmed, Al-Harrasi Ahmed

“…Uncontrolled activated T cells play a key role in the pathophysiology by stimulating inflammation and autoimmune diseases like arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn’s disease. …”
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Hysterectomy Sparing Management of Uterine Necrosis following Uterine Artery Embolization for Postpartum Hemorrhage by Myriam Chlela, Josette Dawkins, Gregory Lewis

“…UN following UAE can present a clinical challenge to physicians, with the underlying pathophysiology being use of small embolizing particles during UAE and lack of arterial collaterals to embolized areas. …”
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Circulating Irisin Levels Are Not Regulated by Nutritional Status, Obesity, or Leptin Levels in Rodents by Mar Quiñones, Cintia Folgueira, Estrella Sánchez-Rebordelo, Omar Al-Massadi

“…These results suggest that in rodents circulating levels of irisin are not involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and could be unrelated to metabolic status; however, further studies should clarify its precise role in states of glucose homeostasis imbalance.…”
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The pathogenesis of COVID-19: Hypercoagulation and D-dimer in thrombotic complications by Leonid DUBEY, Halyna LYTVYN, Olha DOROSH, Nataliya DUBEY, Olena KOZLOVA, Michal PRUC, Nina KUBIKOWSKA, Lukasz SZARPAK, Kavita BATRA, Francesco CHIRICO, Gabriella NUCERA, Svitlana DOAN, Uljana SHEVTSIV

“…In addition, plasmin is involved in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in SARS and promotes the secretion of cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF, from activated macrophages. …”
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The potential role of nanobodies in asthma therapy by Baraa Khalid Salah Al-Sheakly, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Jennifer E. Hundt, Rabih Halwani, Rabih Halwani

“…Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mucus production. The pathophysiology of asthma involves a complex interplay of immune cells and mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory molecules. …”
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The Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Glioblastoma: microRNA Nanocarriers for Disease Progression and Gene Therapy by Natalia Simionescu, Radu Zonda, Anca Roxana Petrovici, Adriana Georgescu

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