Acute Respiratory Distress following Intravenous Injection of an Oil-Steroid Solution by Michael Russell, Aric Storck, Martha Ainslie

“…The patient’s symptoms gradually improved over 48 h and imaging of the chest was unremarkable one week later. The pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of this rare but potentially life-threatening complication of intravenous oil injection are discussed.…”
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Postictal Psychosis: Case Report and Literature Review by Joana Regala, João Lourenço, Francisco Moniz-Pereira, António Bento

“…By virtue of the paucity of research on PIP, its pathophysiology remains not completely understood. Our case report describes a clinical picture of PIP, characterized by pleomorphic features, with neither Schneider’s first-rank symptoms nor negative symptoms of schizophrenia, in a longstanding epileptic female patient with a history of nonadherence to antiepileptic treatment and poorly controlled seizures. …”
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Clinical and Experimental Immunomodulation by Lenin Pavón, Hugo Besedosky, Oscar Bottasso, Rogelio Hernández, Marco Velasco, Roger Loria

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Mitochondrial Dynamics: Functional Link with Apoptosis by Hidenori Otera, Katsuyoshi Mihara

“…In this paper, we briefly summarize current knowledge of the role of mitochondrial dynamics in apoptosis and cell pathophysiology in mammalian cells.…”
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Avelumab-Induced Scleroderma in a Patient with Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung by Jeffrey L. Dobrzynski, Blake E. Vest, Brian L. Swick

“…Herein, we report a case of new-onset scleroderma associated with avelumab treatment in the setting of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The pathophysiology of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced scleroderma is not completely understood. …”
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Cell Signals Influencing Hepatic Fibrosis by Min Cong, Keiko Iwaisako, Chunyan Jiang, Tatiana Kisseleva

“…This will provide insights into the molecular pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and should identify therapeutic targets.…”
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Multiple Urethral Stones Causing Penile Gangrene by Michael J. Ramdass, Vijay Naraynsingh

“…This paper summarises the topic and discusses the pathophysiology of this unusual condition.…”
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A Midgut Duplication Cyst Lined by Respiratory Epithelium by Balaji Mahendran, Tim Bracey, Rajesh T. Kochupapy

“…This is a rare pathology, of which very little is known about. The pathophysiology of these cases is also difficult to explain. …”
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Use of Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Aminocaproic Acid in Chronic DIC Associated with Prostate Cancer- A Case Report by Keisuke Shirai, Uzair B. Chaudhary

“…Literature suggests that there is significant activation of fibrinolytic pathway. Pathophysiology of DIC in patients with prostate cancer is not completely understood. …”
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A Rare Cause of Reversible Renal Hemosiderosis by Rima Abou Arkoub, Don Wang, Deborah Zimmerman

“…We present here a case of hemosiderin induced acute tubular necrosis secondary to intravascular hemolysis from Clostridium difficile infection with possible role of supratherapeutic INR. We discuss the pathophysiology, causes, and prognosis of acute tubular injury from hemosiderosis.…”
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Diet and the Role of Altered Carbohydrate Absorption in the Treatment of Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus by Thomas MS Wolever

“…The gastrointestinal tract has no clear role in the pathophysiology of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), but it may be an appropriate site for therapeutic intervention, specifically changes in diet, meal frequency and medications. …”
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Cytokines and Chemokines as Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Inflammation: Presenting the Case of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by Boel De Paepe, Jan L. De Bleecker

“…Infiltration of skeletal muscle by inflammatory cells is an important facet of disease pathophysiology and is strongly associated with disease severity in the individual patient. …”
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Prurigo Nodularis after Radiotherapy: An Isoradiotopic Response? by Caspar Weel Krammer, Rami Mossad Ibrahim

“…Prurigo nodularis is a rare and chronic skin disorder with multiple, pruritic, and firm nodules. The exact pathophysiology is still unknown. Skin disorders appearing at sites of radiation can be defined as isoradiotopic. …”
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Laparoscopic Fenestration of a Giant Pseudocyst after Totally Extra Peritoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair by Yu-Ting van Loon, Maaike S. Ibelings

“…A giant pseudocyst is a rare complication after hernioplasty and is seldom seen. The pathophysiology is unclear; it characteristically does not contain epithelial lining and can be considered giant if the diameter exceeds 10 cm. …”
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Early Brain Injury: A Common Mechanism in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Global Cerebral Ischemia by Mohammed Sabri, Elliot Lass, R. Loch Macdonald

“…Early brain injury (EBI) has become an area of extreme interest in the recent years and seems to be a common denominator in the pathophysiology of global transient ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). …”
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Pneumatosis Coli Formation via Counterperfusion Supersaturation in a Patient with Severe Diarrhea by Eric Vecchio, Sehrish Jamot, Jason Ferreira

“…In this report, we discuss how clinicians can improve management of pneumatosis intestinalis by understanding the proposed pathophysiology.…”
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Non-Scarring Alopecia in Females: A Comprehensive Review by Miguel A. Aristizabal, Alison J. Bruce, Roy S. Rogers III, Thais Pincelli

“…This review covers the aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of the most common non-scarring alopecias in females.…”
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Spontaneous Splenic Rupture Complicating Severe P. falciparum Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review by Eltaib Saad, Elamin Elsamani, Walid Abdelrahman

“…The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of MSR were briefly discussed in this report.…”
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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Heart Disease: Do Antioxidants Have a Role in Treatment and/or Prevention? by Fredric J. Pashkow

“…The oxidative stress originates mainly in mitochondria from reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and can be identified in most of the key steps in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the consequential clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease. …”
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Age-Related White Matter Changes by Yun Yun Xiong, Vincent Mok

“…In this paper, we reviewed the current understanding in the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical importance, chemical biomarkers, and treatments of age-related WMC.…”
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