Development and Optimization of a Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR to Detect SARS-CoV-2 in Human Samples by Camilo Castellar-Mendoza, María-Angélica Calderón-Peláez, Jaime E. Castellanos, Myriam L. Velandia-Romero, Carolina Coronel-Ruiz, Sigrid Camacho-Ortega, Lilia J. Bernal-Cepeda, Lady López-Ibarra, Jhann A. Arturo, Félix G. Delgado, Hernando Gutierrez-Barbosa, Sonia Bohorquez-Avila, Johanna Madroñero, Zayda L. Corredor-Rozo, Sandra J. Perdomo-Lara, Angela Fonseca-Benitez, Eliana Calvo

“…PCR and its variants (RT-PCR and qRT-PCR) are valuable and innovative molecular techniques for studying nucleic acids. qPCR has proven to be highly sensitive, efficient, and reproducible, generating reliable results that are easy to analyze. …”
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Functions and applications of RNA interference and small regulatory RNAs by Feng Xuezhu, Guang Shouhong

“…RNAi is a highly conserved gene regulatory phenomenon that recognizes self- and non-self nucleic acids, thereby defending against invasive sequences. …”
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Menopause mysteries: the exosome-inflammation connection by Aarushi Sultania, Subhashini Brahadeeswaran, Aparna Eledath Kolasseri, Sivaraman Jayanthi, Ramasamy Tamizhselvi

“…Abstract Extracellular vesicles, or exosomes, are produced by every type of cell and contain metabolites, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Their role in health and disease is to influence different aspects of cell biology and to act as intermediaries between cells. …”
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A hammerhead ribozyme selects mechanically stable conformations for catalysis against viral RNA by Man Lu, Zhiqiang Cao, Luoan Xiong, Hongying Deng, Kangkang Ma, Ning Liu, Yanding Qin, Shen-Bo Chen, Jun-Hu Chen, Yao Li, Yijin Liu, Zhongbo Yu

“…Abstract Ribozymes, widely found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, target nucleic acids and can be engineered as biotechnical tools or for gene regulation or immune therapy. …”
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Consequences of Hyperoxia and the Toxicity of Oxygen in the Lung by William J. Mach, Amanda R. Thimmesch, J. Thomas Pierce, Janet D. Pierce

“…Pathophysiological processes are associated with increased levels of hyperoxia-induced reactive O2 species (ROS) which may readily react with surrounding biological tissues, damaging lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Protective antioxidant defenses can become overwhelmed with ROS leading to oxidative stress. …”
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The Effect of Edible Mushroom on Health and Their Biochemistry by Anmut Assemie, Galana Abaya

“…They contain varying amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, minerals, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, and lectins and vitamins, as well as lowering cholesterol levels in the body. …”
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The Redox System in C. elegans, a Phylogenetic Approach by Andrew D. Johnston, Paul R. Ebert

“…ROS cause oxidative damage to cellular components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. While the role of ROS in cellular damage is frequently all that is noted, ROS are also important in redox signalling. …”
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DETERMINATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASESBY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION by Zuneera Akram

“…This research studies will identify active infections such as arboviruses, sexually transmitted diseases and bacterial infections through the identification of infectious agents and nucleic acids via PCRs methods. There must be stronger molecular science to enhance infectious agent detection capabilities to track the spread of infectious diseases and take appropriate measures to support patients and the health workers themselves.  …”
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Engineering extracellular vesicles for ROS scavenging and tissue regeneration by Ahmed Abdal Dayem, Ellie Yan, Minjae Do, Yoojung Kim, Yeongseo Lee, Ssang-Goo Cho, Deok-Ho Kim

“…EVs, nano-scale membrane vesicles, mediate intercellular communication by encapsulating a diverse cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Their therapeutic potential lies in delivering cargos, activating signaling pathways, and efficiently mitigating oxidative stress—an essential aspect of overcoming limitations in stem cell-based tissue repair. …”
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Therapeutic application and potential mechanism of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in inflammatory bowel disease by Jinling Li, Ting Luo, Dou Wang, Yao Zhao, Yuanxiang Jin, Guiling Yang, Xin Zhang

“…Background: Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are membrane vesicles characterized by a phospholipid bilayer as the basic skeleton that is wrapped by various functional components of proteins and nucleic acids. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that PDEVs can be a potential treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can, to some extent, compensate for the limitations of existing therapies. …”
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Recent advances in polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of hepatic diseases by Feng Gao, Xuefei Feng, Xinyu Li

“…Furthermore, this paper reviewed the application of polymeric nanoparticles -mainly chitosan (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-in liver disease treatment, focusing on their use in various delivery systems for pure bioactive compounds of natural origin, drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, and others. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the NPs were discussed to provide guidance for further research directions, with the aim of promoting the clinical application of nanotherapeutics in treating hepatic diseases.…”
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NPM1/B23: A Multifunctional Chaperone in Ribosome Biogenesis and Chromatin Remodeling by Mikael S. Lindström

“…At a first glance, ribosome biogenesis and chromatin remodeling are quite different processes, but they share a common problem involving interactions between charged nucleic acids and small basic proteins that may result in unwanted intracellular aggregations. …”
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Extracellular vesicles—a new player in the development of urinary bladder cancer by Damian Kasiński, Kamil Szeliski, Tomasz Drewa, Marta Pokrywczyńska

“…EVs can transport proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids to specific target cells. What brings more attention and potential implications is the fact that cancer cells secrete more EVs than non-malignant cells. …”
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Potential Therapies by Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in CNS Diseases: Focusing on the Neurogenic Niche by Alejandro Luarte, Luis Federico Bátiz, Ursula Wyneken, Carlos Lafourcade

“…Stem cells, as well as most cells, release extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, which are nanovesicles able to target specific cell types and thus to modify their function by delivering proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes have recently been tested in vivo and in vitro as therapeutic conveyors for the treatment of diseases. …”
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Biomolecular condensates: Formation mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets by Xin Niu, Lei Zhang, Yuchen Wu, Zhi Zong, Bin Wang, Jisheng Liu, Long Zhang, Fangfang Zhou

“…Abstract Biomolecular condensates are cellular structures composed of membraneless assemblies comprising proteins or nucleic acids. The formation of these condensates requires components to change from a state of solubility separation from the surrounding environment by undergoing phase transition and condensation. …”
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Exosomal miRNAs involvement in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by Mahvash Sadeghi, Jalil Tavakol Afshari, Afsane Fadaee, Mohammadreza Dashti, Fatemeh Kheradmand, Sajad Dehnavi, Mojgan Mohammadi

“…They facilitate communication and signalling between cells by transferring a variety of biological substances, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids like mRNA and miRNA. Exosomal miRNAs were shown to be involved in normal and pathological conditions. …”
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PML-RARA Fusion Transcripts Detectable 8 Months prior to Promyelocytic Blast Crisis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by Stephanie Wolanin, Robert K. McCall, Mark J. Pettenati, Michael W. Beaty, Giovanni Insuasti-Beltran, Bayard L. Powell, Stacey S. O’Neill

“…We present a 40-year-old male who developed promyelocytic blast crisis 17 months after CML diagnosis, confirmed by the presence of the t(15;17) and t(9;22) translocations in the leukemic cells. Preserved nucleic acids from routine BCR-ABL1 testing provided a unique opportunity to evaluate clonal progression over time. …”
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Stability Constants of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Nickel(II) with Adenine and Some Amino Acids by Naciye Türkel

“…Nickel is also present in nucleic acids, though its function in DNA or RNA is still not clearly understood. …”
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Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in oral and maxillofacial areas by Qianting Wang, Jiayu Sun, Haci Jiang, Mengfei Yu

“…Present in various body fluids and tissues, they act as messengers via the transfer of nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites to recipient cells. …”
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Exosomes in Ocular Health: Recent Insights into Pathology, Diagnostic Applications and Therapeutic Functions by Noelia Blanco-Agudín, Suhui Ye, Sara González-Fernández, Ignacio Alcalde, Jesús Merayo-Lloves, Luis M. Quirós

“…Exosomes are extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter that contain proteins, nucleic acids and other molecules. Produced by virtually all cell types, they travel throughout the body until they reach their target, where they can trigger a wide variety of effects by transferring the molecular cargo to recipient cells. …”
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