Flexibly funding WHO? An analysis of its donors’ voluntary contributions by Andrew Harmer, Jonathan Kennedy, Obichukwu Iwunna

“…Furthermore, in terms of their share of voluntary contributions, we found that upper middle-income countries contributed the least proportion of their gross national income to WHO.Conclusion We conclude that WHO remains constrained by the conditions attached to the vast majority of funding that it receives from its donors. …”
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Innovative Approaches to Ensuring Cybersecurity and Public Safety: The Socio-Economic Dimension

“…The paper examines the impact of socio-economic development indicators, in particular gross national income, spending and remittances, literacy and unemployment, on the dynamics of cybercrime worldwide, and analyses trends in public awareness and involvement in criminal activity in the digital space. …”
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How do multiple deprivations in nuanced urban and rural settings affect health differently in South Africa? Evidence from NIDS data, 2017 by Josue Mbonigaba, Msawenkosi Dlamini

“…By doing so, it captures the unique challenges and health implications associated with varying deprivation levels within these diverse contexts.Methods We first constructed the Provincial Index of Multiple Deprivation for each selected region using Wave 5 data from the National Income Dynamics Study, enabling an assessment of the health impacts of multiple deprivations across South Africa. …”
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Effect of individual health perception, health consultation, and other risk factors on undiagnosed hypertension in South Africa by Muchiri E. Wandai, Brian E. Dixon

“…Methods The study utilized data from the National Income Dynamics Study (NiDS), a panel survey conducted approximately every two years between 2008 and 2017. …”
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Global cervical cancer elimination: quantifying the status, progress, and gaps by Liangru Zhou, Yi Li, Hongyun Wang, Ruixi Qin, Zhen Han, Ruifeng Li

“…This retrospective analysis examined data from 194 countries and regions, stratified by national income (high-income countries (HICs) vs low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)) and geographic location (continents such as Europe, Asia, and North America). …”
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Community disaster exposure and first onset of depression: A panel analysis of nationally representative South African data, 2008-2017. by Andrew Tomita, Busisiwe P Ncama, Yoshan Moodley, Rashieda Davids, Jonathan K Burns, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Albert T Modi, Rob Slotow

“…We used panel data from the South African National Income Dynamics Study (SA-NIDS) from 2008-2017, consisting of 17,255 adult study participants who were depression free at baseline. …”
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Global, regional and national sodium intakes in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis of 24 h urinary sodium excretion and dietary surveys worldwide by J Lennert Veerman, Sarah Lewis, John Britton, Bruce Neal, Kathryn G Andrews, Goodarz Danaei, Majid Ezzati, Yanping Li, Yu Chen, Farshad Farzadfar, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Idris Guessous, Lital Keinan-Boker, Paul Elliott, Carukshi Arambepola, Antonia Trichopoulou, Philippos Orfanos, Martin C Gulliford, Renata Micha, Dariush Mozaffarian, Wen-Harn Pan, Shoichiro Tsugane, Habibul Ahsan, Manami Inoue, Luz Maria Sanchez-Romero, Andrew Fogarty, Christos Pitsavos, Edward Giovannucci, Stefaan De Henauw, Stephen S Lim, Cho-il Kim, Inge Huybrechts, Didier Garriguet, Simón Barquera, Katia Castetbon, Neville Calleja, Peilin Shi, Hsing-Yi Chang, Yasuhiro Matsumura, Hubert Barennes, Guansheng Ma, Shahab Khatibzadeh, Saman Fahimi, John Powles, Morteza Abdollahi, Anahita Houshiar-rad, Eda Koksal, Sahar Zaghloul, Sirje Vaask, Ana Baylin, Simon Forsyth, Rosely Sichieri, Christian Haerpfer, Ian Brown, Demosthenes B Panagiotakos, Jacqui Webster, Androniki Naska, Dorothy Gauci, Rebecca E Engell, Tim E Byers, Stephanie Smith-Warner, Ibrahim Elmadfa, Mayuree Rao, Pamela A Abbott, Enrique O Abeyá Gilardon, Suad N Al-Hooti, Wulf Becker, Peter Bjerregaard, Lesley T Bourne, Mario V Capanzana, Melanie J Cowan, Dulitha N Fernando, Regina M Fisberg, Brahmam NV Ginnela, Wilbur Hadden, Daniel J Hoffman, Nahla C Hwalla, Hajah Masni Ibrahim, Maria D Jackson, Lars Johansson, Hae-Jeung Lee, Chan Mei Fen, Gert BM Mensink, Rafael A Monge-Rojas, Balakrishna Nagalla, Marga C Ocke, Maciej Oltarzewski, Marja-Leena Ovaskainen, Gulden Ayla Pekcan, Stefka Petrova, Noppawan Piaseu, Leanne M Riley, Rusidah BT Selamat, Chansimaly Simmala, Laufey Steingrimsdottir, Gillian Swan, Lucjan Szponar, Heli Tapanainen, Robert Templeton, Anastasia Thanopoulou, Holmfridur Thorgeirsdóttir, Inga Thorsdottir, Aida Turrini, Nowak Verena, Anna Waskiewicz, Gábor Zajkás, Shadi Kalantarian, Pattra Wirojratana, Mary Anne Land, Tricia McKeever, Mohannad Abed Alfattah Al Nsour, Medical Science, Heléne Enghardt Barbieri, Aida Filipovic Hadziomeragic, Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto, Stephen T. McGarvey, Abdulrahman Obaid. Musaiger, Luz Gladys. Posada, Elz˙bieta Halina. Sygnowska

“…Country-level covariates were national income/person and composition of food supplies.Main outcome measures Mean sodium intake (g/day) as estimable by 24 h urine collections, without adjustment for non-urinary losses.Results In 2010, global mean sodium intake was 3.95 g/day (95% uncertainty interval: 3.89 to 4.01). …”
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Investigating factors affecting the financial recovery of businesses admitted to the stock exchange by Fatemeh Sahraei, Jafar Jamali, Hamidreza Vakilifard, Ali Zare, Seyed Yaghoub Zeraatkish

“…But some others believe that the company's growth is the result of taking advantage of opportunities and is unpredictable (Guha et al, 2013).Manufacturing companies active in the stock market, which are considered as the main players in the economy of any country, play an important role in increasing the national income. Regardless of paying taxes to the government, companies create many job opportunities and provide them with the opportunity to pay taxes to the government by hiring and paying jobseekers. …”
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Designing a Model for Brand Engagement Value Creation through the Integration of Gamification Technology and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) by Zahra. Atf, fariz taherikia, kambiz heidarzadeh Hanzaei

“…Manufacturing companies active in the stock market, which are considered as the main players in the economy of any country, play an important role in increasing the national income. Regardless of paying taxes to the government, companies create many job opportunities and provide them with the opportunity to pay taxes to the government by hiring and paying jobseekers. …”
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The protein transition: what determines the animal-to-plant (A:P) protein ratios in global diets by Adam Drewnowski, Kayla Hooker

“…Efforts to reduce the dietary A:P protein ratio to 50:50, 40:60, or below are sometimes referred to as a “healthy protein transition.”MethodsAnalyses of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Bank data were used to show that an opposing and far more important protein transition is taking place globally.ResultsIn most low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the dietary A:P protein ratio was closely associated with, if not determined, by gross national incomes (GNI). As incomes rise, LMIC populations adopt more varied and more nutrient-rich diets with more animal proteins and especially meat. …”
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