Dexamethasone Provides Effective Immunosuppression for Improved Survival of Retinal Organoids after Epiretinal Transplantation by Bikun Xian, Ziming Luo, Kaijing Li, Kang Li, Mingjun Tang, Runcai Yang, Shoutao Lu, Haijun Zhang, Jian Ge

“…We first compared the immunosuppressive abilities of DEX and RAP in activated microglia in an in vitro setting. Following this, we used immunofluorescence, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry to investigate the effects of DEX and RAP on cells in the retinal organoids. …”
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Integrative analysis of immunogenic PANoptosis and experimental validation of cinobufagin-induced activation to enhance glioma immunotherapy by Yonghua Cai, Heng Xiao, Shuaishuai Xue, Peng Li, Zhengming Zhan, Jie Lin, Zibin Song, Jun Liu, Wei Xu, Qixiong Zhou, Songtao Qi, Xi’an Zhang, Ziyi Luo

“…Cinobufagin effectively induced PANoptosis, leading to increased immunogenic cell death, facilitated tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) polarization towards an M1-like phenotype while augmenting CD4+/CD8 + T cell infiltration and activation. …”
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A model-based factorization method for scRNA data unveils bifurcating transcriptional modules underlying cell fate determination by Jun Ren, Ying Zhou, Yudi Hu, Jing Yang, Hongkun Fang, Xuejing Lyu, Jintao Guo, Xiaodong Shi, Qiyuan Li

“…In real datasets, MGPfactXMBD recovered the critical pathways and cell types in microglia development with experimentally valid regulons and markers. …”
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Network pharmacology and experimental verification to investigate the mechanism of isoliquiritigenin for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by Waimao Gao, Guang Yang, Xinjuan Liu, Kaifan Hu, Jie Pan, Xingyu Wang, Yan Zhao, Ying Xu

“…Our work revealed that ISL might be an effective treatment strategy in the treatment of AD by its anti-inflammatory effect towards microglia through the ERK/PPAR-γ pathway.…”
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Angiotensin IV Receptors in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex: Neuronal Expression and NMDA Inhibition by Zsolt Tamás Papp, Polett Ribiczey, Erzsébet Kató, Zsuzsanna E. Tóth, Zoltán V. Varga, Zoltán Giricz, Adrienn Hanuska, Mahmoud Al-Khrasani, Ákos Zsembery, Tibor Zelles, Laszlo G. Harsing, László Köles

“…Results: AT4R/IRAP expression was detected in pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons, but not in microglia or astrocytes, in layer V of the PFC in 9–12-day-old and 6-month-old rats. …”
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Design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory activity of 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one derivatives modified with 1,2,3-triazole in LPS-induced BV-2 cells by Xixi Hou, Xixi Hou, Longfei Mao, Huibin Zhang, Lan Wang, Baoyu He, Jingjing Guo, Jianji Wang

“…To further investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of these derivatives in microglia, the intracellular ROS levels and the activation of the Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway were analyzed. …”
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Integrated bioinformatics analysis identified cuproptosis-related hub gene Mpeg1 as potential biomarker in spinal cord injury by Dandan Mao, Qi Chen, Shuolan Tong, Zixia Xu, Guofeng Yu, Chuan Chang, Yao Lv

“…The results confirmed that Mpeg1 was highly expressed in microglia (macrophages in center nervous system) following spinal cord injury. …”
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Protection of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis by Kanglan Li, Shouchao Wei, Li Hu, Xiaojian Yin, Yingren Mai, Chunmei Jiang, Xiaoping Peng, Xingxing Cao, Zhongkai Huang, Haihong Zhou, Guoda Ma, Zhou Liu, Huiliang Li, Bin Zhao

“…We also found that FMT led to reduced activation of microglia and astrocytes and conferred protection on the blood-brain barrier (BBB), myelin, and axons in EAE. …”
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Diabetic Ephrin-B2-Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Enhance Poststroke Recovery in Mice by Rose Hilal, Marine Poittevin, Adrien Pasteur-Rousseau, Adrien Cogo, Gabrielle Mangin, Marie Chevauché, Yasmine Ziat, José Vilar, Jean-Marie Launay, Jean-François Gautier, Dong Broquères-You, Bernard I. Levy, Tatyana Merkulova-Rainon, Nathalie Kubis

“…Compared to PBS, injection of PB-MNC+ increased cell proliferation in the peri-infarct area and the subventricular zone, decreased microglia/macrophage cell density, and upregulated TGF-β expression. …”
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Schwann Cell‐Specific Ablation of Beclin 1 Impairs Myelination and Leads to Motor and Sensory Neuropathy in Mice by Lisa Gambarotto, Loris Russo, Silvia Bresolin, Luca Persano, Rachele D'Amore, Giulia Ronchi, Federica Zen, Luisa Muratori, Alice Cani, Samuele Negro, Aram Megighian, Sonia Calabrò, Paola Braghetta, Dario Bizzotto, Matilde Cescon

“…While assessed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, its role is far less investigated in myelinating glia, including Schwann cells (SCs), responsible for peripheral nerve myelination. …”
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A single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals astrocyte heterogeneity and identifies CHI3L1 as a diagnostic biomarker in Parkinson's disease by Zhongying Gong, Dan Guo, Yufeng Lin, Zhiwei Liu, Mengdi Lv, Xinxin Liu, Yang Yao, Sijia Wang, Yuan Wang, Zhiyun Wang

“…Astrocytes exhibiting elevated CHI3L1 levels demonstrated interactions with microglia in PD patients. Lastly, we discovered that CHI3L1 was significantly overexpressed in PD patients and exhibited strong diagnostic potential for the disease. …”
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Investigation of Novel Aronia Bioactive Fraction-Alginic Acid Nanocomplex on the Enhanced Modulation of Neuroinflammation and Inhibition of Aβ Aggregation by Bong-Keun Jang, Soo Jung Shin, Hyun Ha Park, Vijay Kumar, Yong Ho Park, Jeom-Yong Kim, Hye-Yeon Kang, Sunyoung Park, Youngsun Kwon, Sang-Eun Shin, Minho Moon, Beom-Jin Lee

“…The AANCP was administered to scopolamine-injected Balb/c mice, and to BV2 microglia treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and amyloid beta (Aβ). …”
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Early precursor-derived pituitary gland tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in modulating hormonal balance by Henna Lehtonen, Heli Jokela, Julian Hofmann, Lauriina Tola, Arfa Mehmood, Florent Ginhoux, Burkhard Becher, Melanie Greter, Gennady G. Yegutkin, Marko Salmi, Heidi Gerke, Pia Rantakari

“…Using single-cell transcriptomics, fate mapping, and imaging, we characterize pituitary-resident macrophages (pitMØs), revealing their heterogeneity and spatial specialization. Microglia-like macrophages (ml-MACs) are enriched in the posterior pituitary, while other pitMØs in the anterior pituitary exhibit close interactions with hormone-secreting cells. …”
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Salvianolic Acid D Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing the Cytoplasmic Translocation and Release of HMGB1-Triggered NF-κB Activation to Inhibit Inflammat... by Wen Zhang, Junke Song, Wan Li, Dewen Kong, Yu Liang, Xiaoyue Zhao, Guanhua Du

“…What’s more, SalD inhibited HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in both the cortex and hippocampus regions of I/R rats. …”
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Cerebral microvascular density, blood-brain barrier permeability, and support for neuroinflammation indicate early aging in a Marfan syndrome mouse model by Tala Curry-Koski, Tala Curry-Koski, Liam P. Curtin, Mitra Esfandiarei, Mitra Esfandiarei, Mitra Esfandiarei, Theresa Currier Thomas, Theresa Currier Thomas, Theresa Currier Thomas, Theresa Currier Thomas

“…No differences were detected between 6M and 12M-CTRL mice. 6M-MFS mice show a higher number of microglia in the hippocampus compared to age-matched control mice, a pattern resembling that of 12M-CTRL mice.DiscussionThis study represents the first known investigation into neuropathology in a mouse model of MFS and indicates that the pathophysiology underlying MFS leads to a systemic pre-mature aging phenotype. …”
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mTOR downregulation promotes anti-inflammatory responses via the CCL3-CCR5 axis in hypoxic retinopathy by Tae Kwon Moon, Im Kyeung Kang, Kyoung Jin Lee, Ji Hyun Kim, Hee Jong Kim, A. Reum Han, Ha-Na Woo, Joo Yong Lee, Jun-Sub Choi, Keerang Park, Heuiran Lee

“…Notably, the virus lowered CCL3 expression in Müller cells and reduced the presence of CCR5-positive microglia in vivo, indicating its effectiveness in targeted inflammation management via the CCL3-CCR5 pathway. …”
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The interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity by Daniel Torrente, Enming J. Su, Alí Francisco Citalán-Madrid, Gerald P. Schielke, Daniel Magaoay, Mark Warnock, Tamara Stevenson, Kris Mann, Flavie Lesept, Nathalie Delétage, Manuel Blanc, Erin H. Norris, Denis Vivien, Daniel A. Lawrence

“…Importantly, tPA deficiency protects DA-neurons from degeneration, prevents behavioral deficits, and reduces microglia activation and T-cell infiltration induced by α-synuclein overexpression. …”
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Association of iron deposition in MS lesion with remyelination capacity using susceptibility source separation MRI by Hyeong-Geol Shin, Woojun Kim, Jung Hwan Lee, Hyun-soo Lee, Yoonho Nam, Jiwoong Kim, Xu Li, Peter C.M. van Zijl, Peter A. Calabresi, Jongho Lee, Jinhee Jang

“…., demyelination, remyelination, and iron-laden microglia/macrophages formation). This study aims to monitor longitudinal changes in χpara and χdia signals within MS lesions using χ-separation and evaluate the association between lesional iron and remyelination capability. …”
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Injectable Hierarchical Bioactive Hydrogels with Fibroblast Growth Factor 21/Edaravone/Caffeic Acid Asynchronous Delivery for Treating Parkinson's Disease by Junpeng Xu, Peng Dai, Chen Zhang, Na Dong, Caiyan Li, Chonghui Tang, Zhihao Jin, Shih‐Ho Lin, Luyang Ye, Tianmiao Sun, Yukai Jin, Fenzan Wu, Lihua Luo, Ping Wu, Shengcun Li, Xiaokun Li, Shan‐hui Hsu, Dawei Jiang, Zhouguang Wang

“…., reduction the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase in substantia nigra compacta and striatum (retained ≈10‐fold versus control), decreasing oxidative stress, reducing astrocyte and microglia activation, and stimulating the AMPK/PGC‐1α axis to regulate the mitochondrial function, providing a multi‐dimensional PD therapy. …”
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Effective gene therapy for metachromatic leukodystrophy achieved with minimal lentiviral genomic integrations by Lucas Tricoli, Sunetra Sase, Julia L. Hacker, Vi Pham, Maxwell Chappell, Laura Breda, Stephanie N. Hurwitz, Naoto Tanaka, Carlo Castruccio Castracani, Amaliris Guerra, Zhongqi Hou, Lars Schlotawa, Karthikeyan Radhakrishnan, Matthew Hogenauer, Aoife Roche, John Everett, Frederic Bushman, Peter Kurre, Rebecca Ahrens-Nicklas, Laura A. Adang, Adeline L. Vanderver, Stefano Rivella

“…Our top-performing vector (EA1) showed at least 4× more ARSA activity than the currently US and European Union (EU)-approved vector and a superior ability to secrete vesicle-associated ARSA, a critical modality to transfer functional enzymes from microglia to oligodendrocytes. Three-month-old Arsa-knockout (KO) MLD mice transplanted with Arsa-KO bone marrow (BM) cells transduced with 0.6 VCN of EA1 demonstrated behavior and CNS histology matching wild-type (WT) mice. …”
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