Site of Nerve Division Affects Pain-Related Behavior and Spinal Cord Glial Proliferation after C7 Neurotomy in a Rat Stroke Model by Zhenpeng Li, Jintao Fang, Jiantao Yang, Bengang Qin, Wenting He, Jian Qi, Qingtang Zhu, Honggang Wang, Liqiang Gu

“…Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MPWT) was lower, and the number of microglia and astrocytes (/mm2) was higher as the distance between the site of C7 neurotomy and the intervertebral foramen decreased from 4 mm to 0. …”
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Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease by Linyu Wu, Xiaohui Xian, Guangyu Xu, Zixuan Tan, Fang Dong, Min Zhang, Feng Zhang

“…In AD, amyloid β-protein (Aβ) induces Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in microglia. Activation of TLR4 induces downstream signaling pathways and promotes the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which also trigger the activation of astrocytes and influence amyloid-dependent neuronal death. …”
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Shaoyao Gancao decoction alleviates paclitaxel-induced cognitive impairment by activating PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway to inhibit NETs formation by Xu Ying, Su Yue, Hu Yuwen, Li Xiang, Zhou Ziyan, Yuan Ningning, Ji Xiaowei, Jiang Ruoyu, Wang Wenzhu, Zhang Yafeng, Zhai Guojie, Cheng Xiaolan

“…The impact of SGD on inflammatory factors, microglia activation and NETs formation were also studied by ELISA and immunofluorescence. …”
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Ibuprofen reduces inflammation, necroptosis and protects photoreceptors from light-induced retinal degeneration by Ping-Wu Zhang, Zi-He Wan, Weifeng Li, Abhishek Vats, Kunal Mehta, Laura Fan, Lingli Zhou, Sean Li, Gloria Li, Casey J. Keuthan, Cynthia Berlinicke, Cheng Qian, Noriko Esumi, Elia J Duh, Donald J. Zack

“…IBU reduced the upregulation of MLKL protein and microglia migration in the ONL and outer plexiform layer (OPL) of treated retinas. …”
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Glia and TRPM2 Channels in Plasticity of Central Nervous System and Alzheimer’s Diseases by Jing Wang, Michael F. Jackson, Yu-Feng Xie

“…The transient receptor potential melastatin member 2 (TRPM2) channel is a nonselective Ca2+-permeable channel expressed in both glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) and neurons. Recent studies indicated that TRPM2 regulates synaptic plasticity as well as the activation of glial cells. …”
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A Review: Inflammatory Process in Alzheimer's Disease, Role of Cytokines by Jose Miguel Rubio-Perez, Juana Maria Morillas-Ruiz

“…Inflammatory components related to AD neuroinflammation include brain cells such as microglia and astrocytes, the complement system, as well as cytokines and chemokines. …”
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Role of Fractalkine/CX3CL1 and Its Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases with Emphasis on B Cell Malignancies by Elisa Ferretti, Vito Pistoia, Anna Corcione

“…The biological activities of CX3CL1 are mediated by CX3CR1, that is expressed on different cell types such as NK cells, CD14+ monocytes, cytotoxic effector T cells, B cells, neurons, microglia, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory cancer including various B cell malignancies. …”
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Cytokines and Chemokines at the Crossroads of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Neuropathic Pain by Geeta Ramesh, Andrew G. MacLean, Mario T. Philipp

“…Pathological states within the nervous system can lead to activation of microglia. The latter may mediate neuronal and glial cell injury and death through production of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines and chemokines. …”
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The Role of the Immune System in Huntington’s Disease by Gisa Ellrichmann, Christiane Reick, Carsten Saft, Ralf A. Linker

“…Both innate and adaptive immune systems may play an important role in HD. Activation of microglia with expression of proinflammatory cytokines, impaired migration of macrophages, and deposition of complement factors in the striatum indicate an activation of the innate immune system. …”
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Chronic active lesions in multiple sclerosis: classification, terminology, and clinical significance by Assunta Dal-Bianco, Jiwon Oh, Pascal Sati, Martina Absinta

“…Among these in vivo imaging correlates of CALs, paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are defined by the presence of a perilesional rim formed by iron-laden microglia and macrophages, whereas slowly expanding lesions are identified based on linear, concentric lesion expansion over time. …”
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Corticostriatal contributions to dysregulated motivated behaviors in stress, depression, and substance use disorders by Benjamin M. Siemsen, Daniela Franco, Mary Kay Lobo

“…Moreover, we highlight the growing body of evidence indicating that such abnormalities may be due to heightened neuroimmune signaling by microglia, and that targeting the neuroimmune system may be a viable approach to treating this shared symptom.…”
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Do PPAR-Gamma Agonists Have a Future in Parkinson's Disease Therapy? by Anna R. Carta, Augusta Pisanu, Ezio Carboni

“…Recent studies indicate that neuroinflammation, specifically reactive microglia, plays important roles in PD pathogenesis. …”
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Gamisoyo-San Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in the Spinal Cord of hSOD1G93A Transgenic Mice by MuDan Cai, Eun Jin Yang

“…We observed that GSS reduces the expression of glial markers, including those for microglia and astrocytes, and prevents neuronal loss. …”
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Spatiotemporal Pattern of Neuroinflammation After Impact-Acceleration Closed Head Injury in the Rat

“…Immunocytochemically, IL-1<mml:math alttext="$eta$"> <mml:mi>&#x03B2;</mml:mi> </mml:math> induction was localized to ramified microglia in areas surrounding the primary impact place as well as deeper brain structures. …”
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Lipid droplets in central nervous system and functional profiles of brain cells containing lipid droplets in various diseases by Longxiao Zhang, Yunfei Zhou, Zhongbo Yang, Liangchao Jiang, Xinyang Yan, Wenkai Zhu, Yi Shen, Bolong Wang, Jiaxi Li, Jinning Song

“…This article provides a comprehensive review on the composition of LDs in CNS, their generation and degradation processes, their interaction mechanisms with mitochondria, the distribution among different cell types, and the roles played by these cells—particularly microglia and astrocytes—in various prevalent neurological disorders. …”
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha: A Link between Neuroinflammation and Excitotoxicity by Gabriel Olmos, Jerònia Lladó

“…In pathological conditions, microglia release large amounts of TNF-α; this de novo production of TNF-α is an important component of the so-called neuroinflammatory response that is associated with several neurological disorders. …”
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Characterisation of Pain Responses in the High Fat Diet/Streptozotocin Model of Diabetes and the Analgesic Effects of Antidiabetic Treatments by Frederika Maria Byrne, Sharon Cheetham, Steven Vickers, Victoria Chapman

“…HFD/STZ rats had significantly lower numbers of spinal Iba-1 positive cells (morphologically identified as activated microglia) and spinal GFAP immunofluorescence (a marker of astrogliosis) in the spinal cord at day 50, compared to time-matched controls. …”
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Progress in Therapy Development for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Kalina Venkova-Hristova, Alexandar Christov, Zarine Kamaluddin, Peter Kobalka, Kenneth Hensley

“…It is know appreciated that motor neuron degeneration in ALS requires active (gain of function) and passive (loss of function) events to occur in non-neuronal cells, especially astrocytes and microglia. These neuroinflammatory processes produce paracrine factors that detrimentally affect motor neurons, precipitating protein aggregation and compromising cytoskeletal integrity. …”
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The Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase in the Glioma Microenvironment: Its Biomarker and Therapy Potentials by Seidu A. Richard, Kuugbee D. Eugene

“…The glioma microenvironment is a dynamic component that comprises, besides glioma cells and glioma stem cells, a complex network that comprises diverse cell types like endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia as well as stromal components, soluble factors, and the extracellular membrane. …”
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Spatiotemporal Pattern of Neuroinflammation After Impact-Acceleration Closed Head Injury in the Rat by Servan Rooker, Sebastian Jander, Jos Van Reempts, Guido Stoll, Philippe G. Jorens, Marcel Borgers, Jan Verlooy

“…Immunocytochemically, IL-1β induction was localized to ramified microglia in areas surrounding the primary impact place as well as deeper brain structures. …”
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