Addition of garlic (Allium sativum) extract in fry as immunostimulant on survival and blood profile of pomfret fish (Colossoma macropomum) by Ismarica Ismarica, Helda Musfika, Dara Dewi Cut

“…Using immunostimulants to control bacterial diseases can enhance the function of the immune system. Garlic is a natural ingredient that can serve as an effective immunostimulant. …”
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Testing of diagnostic test-systems for detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus structural proteins with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for their serotype specifi... by N. N. Lugovskaya, E. A. Silanteva, T. V. Okovytaya, A. A. Kharitonova, Y. M. Gochmuradov, E. A. Razgulyaeva, O. O. Budina, E. A. Yasneva

“…All used test-systems detected apparent serotype-specific activity (homologous reaction) as well as cross-reacting virus-specific antibodies that was accounted for some reasons related to conservative epitopes in amino acid sequence of FMDV virion capsid VP1–VP3 polypeptides, accessibility of internal conservative epitopes of VP4 polypeptide for the animal’s immune system during virus replication or vaccine antigen (virus) destruction in the animal’s body in the process of immunity development, as well as the pilot anti-FMD vaccine composition, etc. …”
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Autoimmunity against cytokines: Double strike in autoimmune disease, a historical perspective by Iván Insignares, Luis E. Rodríguez, Óscar Correa-Jiménez, Alberto Alfaro-Murillo, Laura Rincón-Arenas, Andrés Sánchez, Marlon Múnera

“…This leads to an effector immune response against tissues expressing antigens, which are later recognized by the host immune system. Host antigens attacked by antibodies are called “autoantigens” and are of different kinds, including receptors, enzymes, and channel proteins. …”
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A new perspective on cardiovascular function and dysfunction during endurance exercise: identifying the primary cause of cardiovascular risk by Amine Souissi, Ismail Dergaa, Samia Ernez Hajri, Karim Chamari, Helmi Ben Saad

“…The review highlighted that high oxidative stress (due to high levels of catecholamines, shear stress, immune system activation, and renal dysfunction) leads to a rise in platelet aggregation during endurance exercise. …”
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Probiotics in the Complex Treatment of Various Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract by K. V. Ivashkin, M. S. Reshetova, O. Yu. Zolnikova, V. R. Korneev, E. N. Shirokova

“…It has been confirmed that the microbiome participates in the development of inflammatory and functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, affects the immune system, central nervous system and mental status. …”
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The Effect of Tumor Angiogenesis Agents on Tumor Growth Dynamics: A Mathematical Model by Ali Mohseni, Mohammad Pooyan, Somayeh Raiesdana, Mohammad Bagher Menhaj

“…Conclusion: Our results show the ineffectiveness of targeted treatments on the immune system, which has been confirmed by many negative treatment methods in immunotherapies. …”
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Investigating the functional and structural effect of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 gene: An in-silico study. by Md Mostafa Kamal, Kazi Fahmida Haque Shantanu, Shamiha Tabassum Teeya, Md Motiar Rahman, A K M Munzurul Hasan, Douglas P Chivers, Tanveer A Wani, Atekah Hazzaa Alshammari, Mahesh Rachamalla, Francisco Carlos da Silva Junior, Md Munnaf Hossen

“…The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) is essential in controlling T cell activity within the immune system. Thus, uncovering the molecular dynamics of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CTLA4 gene is critical. …”
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The Role of Vitamin D in the Pathomechanism of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and its Therapeutic Implications - a literature review by Wiktoria Maria Tomaszewska, Paweł Siudziński, Mateusz Łyko, Alicja Skoczylas, Jakub Kurasz, Wojciech Maj, Wiktoria Podlasiewicz, Katarzyna Pala, Piotr Dudziak, Anna Nowak, Maria Golińska

“…Its mechanisms of action involve immune system modulation, specifically by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, while enhancing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10. …”
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Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Possible Roles of Adipokines by José de Jesús Guerrero-García, Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar, Rocío Ivette López-Roa, Ana Laura Márquez-Aguirre, Argelia Esperanza Rojas-Mayorquín, Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún

“…First, we describe the main cells involved in MS pathogenesis, both from neural tissue and from the immune system, and including a new participant, the adipocyte, focusing on their roles in MS. …”
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A review of Psoralea corylifolia L.: a valuable plant with profound biological significance by Anni Yang, Lingping Kong, Zhibo You, Xinyu Li, Jian Guan, Fengjin Li, Lingyun Zhong, Hai Jiang

“…The expression mechanisms of these pharmacological effects are closely related to the regulation of the immune system, the inhibition of oxidative stress, and the induction of apoptosis. …”
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Detection of CRISPR cassettes and cas genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome by Yu. M. Konstantinov, I. S. Petrushin

“…The structure of this locus corresponds to the CRISPR locus of the prokaryotic adaptive antiviral immune system. The probable connection between the locus found in the mitochondrial genome of the higher plant and the function of adaptive immunity is indicated by a similarity between the spacer sequences in the CRISPR cassette found and the genome of Cauliflower mosaic virus affecting Arabidopsis plants. …”
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Computer modeling of the peculiarities in the interaction of IL-1 with its receptors in schizophrenia by N. Yu. Chasovskikh, A. A. Bobrysheva, E. E. Chizhik

“…The data obtained contribute theoretically to the development of ideas about the molecular mechanisms through which hereditary factors in schizophrenia influence the interactions of proteins of the IL-1 family, which play an important role in the processes of the immune system.…”
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Similarities between Tumour Immune Response and Chronic Wound Microenvironment: Influence of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells by Kimberly Thando Peta, Melvin Anyasi Ambele, Michael Sean Pepper

“…While MSCs can regulate the immune system, migrate to sites of inflammation, and are naturally immune-privileged, there have been contradictory reports on the role of these cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME). …”
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Pancreatic Beta Cell Death: Novel Potential Mechanisms in Diabetes Therapy by Joselyn Rojas, Valmore Bermudez, Jim Palmar, María Sofía Martínez, Luis Carlos Olivar, Manuel Nava, Daniel Tomey, Milagros Rojas, Juan Salazar, Carlos Garicano, Manuel Velasco

“…Necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis are molecular mechanisms that modulate the survival of the pancreatic beta cell, demonstrating the importance of the immune system in glucolipotoxicity processes and the potential role for immunometabolism as another component of what once known as the “ominous octet.”…”
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THE EFFECT OF QUERCETIN ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN RAT LIVER UNDER 270TH DAY CENTRAL DEPRIVATION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE SYNTHESIS by M.V. Rud, V.I. Shepitko, Ye.V. Stetsuk, O.Ye. Akimov

“…The development of the inflammatory process in the liver, including under the influence of hepatitis B and C viruses, is controlled by cells of the immune system, namely, sinusoidal endothelial cells, Ito cells and Kupffer cells. …”
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Hemorrhagic Shock Induces a Rapid Transcriptomic Shift of the Immune Balance in Leukocytes after Experimental Multiple Injury by Lisa Debler, Annette Palmer, Sonja Braumüller, Bettina Klohs, Tom Eirik Mollnes, Karlheinz Holzmann, Markus Huber-Lang, Rebecca Halbgebauer

“…After additional HS in PT mice, the gene expression of pathways related to the innate immunity, such as IL-6 production, neutrophil chemotaxis, cell adhesion, and toll-like receptor signaling was upregulated, whereas pathways of the adaptive immune system, such as B- and T-cell activation as well as the MHC class II protein complex, were downregulated. …”
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Unique or not unique? Comparative genetic analysis of bacterial O-antigens from the Oxalobacteraceae family by S. D. Afonnikova, A. S. Komissarov, P. D. Kuchur

“…This component facilitates interaction between the bacteria and host immune system or phages. The variability of the physical structure is caused by the genomic variability of genes encoding O-antigen synthesis components. …”
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Innate and Adaptive Cell Populations Driving Inflammation in Dry Eye Disease by José L. Reyes, Danielle T. Vannan, Bertus Eksteen, Imelda Juárez Avelar, Tonathiu Rodríguez, Marisol Ibet González, Alicia Vázquez Mendoza

“…Current treatment strategies for DED are limited to anti-inflammatory medications that target the immune system as the source of deleterious inflammation and tissue injury. …”
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Next generation sequencing of multiple SARS-CoV-2 infections in the Omicron Era by Marzia Cavalli, Giulia Campoli, Anna Anselmo, Rossella Brandi, Antonella Fortunato, Maria Di Spirito, Anella Monte, Martina Lipari, Manfredo Bortone, Vanessa Vera Fain, Raffaele D’Amelio, Florigio Lista, Silvia Fillo

“…Abstract Since the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the need for an effective vaccine has appeared crucial for stimulating immune system responses to produce humoral/cellular immunity and activate immunological memory. …”
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An Age-Structured Model of HIV Infection that Allows for Variations in the Production Rate of Viral Particles and the Death Rate of Productively Infected Cells by Patrick W. Nelson, Michael A. Gilchrist, Daniel Coombs, James M. Hyman, Alan S. Perelson

“…Mathematical models of HIV-1 infection can help interpretdrug treatment experiments and improve our understanding of the interplay between HIV-1and the immune system. We develop and analyze an age-structured model of HIV-1 infection thatallows for variations in the death rate of productively infected T cellsand the production rate of viral particles as a function of thelength of time a T cell has been infected. …”
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