Carcinogenic and anticancer activities of microbiota-derived secondary bile acids by Mobina Kouhzad, Friedrich Götz, Tahereh Navidifar, Elahe Taki, Mahsa Ghamari, Roghayeh Mohammadzadeh, Maryam Seyedolmohadesin, Narjess Bostanghadiri

“…Conversely, some SBAs exhibit anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and modulating immune responses. The article also discusses the complex interplay between SBAs and the host’s genetic and environmental factors, highlighting potential therapeutic implications and the need for targeted strategies to mitigate risks while harnessing beneficial effects. …”
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The Role of Chemokines in Breast Cancer Pathology and Its Possible Use as Therapeutic Targets by M. Isabel Palacios-Arreola, Karen E. Nava-Castro, Julieta I. Castro, Eduardo García-Zepeda, Julio C. Carrero, Jorge Morales-Montor

“…Chemokines are small proteins that primarily regulate the traffic of leukocytes under homeostatic conditions and during specific immune responses. The chemokine-chemokine receptor system comprises almost 50 chemokines and approximately 20 chemokine receptors; thus, there is no unique ligand for each receptor and the binding of different chemokines to the same receptor might have disparate effects. …”
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HMBG1 as a Driver of Inflammatory and Immune Processes in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases by Yi Liu, Guo-Bin Zhuang, Xue-Zhi Zhou

“…In this review, we summarize current knowledge on HMGB1 as a ligand that can evoke inflammation and immune responses in ocular diseases.…”
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Immunoregulation of NKT Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Junwei Chen, Meng Wu, Jing Wang, Xiaofeng Li

“…Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a regulatory role during broad range of immune responses. A number of studies demonstrated that the quantity and quality of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells showed marked defects in SLE patients in comparison to healthy controls. …”
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The Role of Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Chronic Neuroinflammation by Ekta Bajwa, Caitlin B. Pointer, Andis Klegeris

“…Mitochondrial DAMPs have been shown to initiate proinflammatory immune responses from nonneuronal glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes; thereby, they have the potential to contribute to the chronic neuroinflammation present in these disorders accelerating the degeneration of neurons. …”
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Impact of Retinoic Acid on Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases by Luana de Mendonça Oliveira, Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira, Maria Notomi Sato

“…Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, organogenesis, and reproduction and a key role in mucosal immune responses. RA promotes dendritic cells to express CD103 and to produce RA, enhances the differentiation of Foxp3+ inducible regulatory T cells, and induces gut-homing specificity in T cells. …”
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Questions from the fourth son: A clinician reflects on immunomonitoring, surrogate markers and systems biology by Charles Wiseman, M.D.

“…Despite an extensive roster of in vitro assays that correlate immune responses to favorable clinical outcomes, no assay is sufficiently reliable to be usefully predictive for vaccine therapy. …”
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Functional Properties and Molecular Architecture of Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase, a Pivotal Catalyst of Chemotactic Leukotriene Formation by Jesper Z. Haeggström, Pär Nordlund, Marjolein M.G.M. Thunnissen

“…In addition, leukotriene B4 modulates immune responses, participates in the host defense against infections, and is a key mediator of PAF-induced lethal shock. …”
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Safety and immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S in adolescents: Phase 2 randomized clinical trial by Jelena Tica, Veronica V. Rezelj, Benoit Baron, Vitalija van Paassen, Javier Zaidman, Lee Fairlie, Gert Scheper, Mathieu Le Gars, Frank Struyf, Macaya Douoguih, Javier Ruiz-Guiñazú

“…All 1- and 2-dose Ad26.COV2.S primary schedules elicited robust peak Spike-binding antibody responses and virus neutralizing titers against the reference strain, in participants with and without preexisting SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Immune responses were durable for at least 6 months. Spike-binding antibody responses were comparable to those elicited in young adults aged 18–25 years who received a standard dose of Ad26.COV2.S in Phase 3 efficacy studies Reduced doses/dose volume of Ad26.COV2.S had an acceptable safety profile and elicited robust humoral immune responses in adolescents aged 12–17 years. …”
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Characterizing immune biomarkers and effector CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in pancreatic adenocarcinoma via single-cell RNA sequencing profiling by Rawaa AlChalabi, Raghda Makia, Semaa A. Shaban, Ahmed AbdulJabbar Suleiman

“…Further clinical studies are necessary to validate the therapeutic potential of these anti-inflammatory drugs in enhancing immune responses in pancreatic cancer.…”
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Inhibition of programmed cell death by melanoma cell subpopulations reveals mechanisms of melanoma metastasis and potential therapeutic targets by Yuepeng An, Fu Zhao, Hongling Jia, Siyu Meng, Ziwei Zhang, Shuxiao Li, Jiusi Zhao

“…Meanwhile, the induction of ferroptosis and pyroptosis was thought to trigger immune responses that helped suppress melanoma dissemination. …”
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Protocol for a phase IV double-blind randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccha... by Tao Chen, Duolao Wang, Konstantinos Liatsikos, Stephen B Gordon, Hassan Burhan, Ben Morton, Tinashe K Nyazika, Bradford D Gessner, Helen Hill, Andrea Collins, Josh Hamilton, Kelly Davies, Fred Fyles, Phoebe Hazenberg, Elizabeth Begier, Angela Hyder-Wright, Sherin Pojar, Christopher Myerscough, Jesus Reine, Ryan E Robinson, Britta Urban, Elena Mitsi, Carla Solorzano, Angela Quinn, Kaijie Pan, Annaliesa S Anderson, Christian Theilacker, Daniela M Ferreira, Kelly Convey, James Court, Madlen Farrar, Lisa Hitchins, Ashleigh Howard, Lauren Kerruish, Samuel Latham, Annabel Murphy, Elissavet Nikolaou, Angelina Peterson

“…During the follow-up period, we will monitor safety, colonisation status, density and duration, immune responses and antigenuria. The primary outcome of the study is comparing the rate of SPN3 acquisition between the vaccinated (PCV13 or PPV23) and unvaccinated (placebo) groups as defined by classical culture. …”
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Differentially expressed microRNAs in pre-transplant lung biopsies target immune checkpoint proteins and can predict primary graft dysfunction in lung transplantation by Vitale Miceli, Pia Ferrigno, Claudio Centi, Claudia Carcione, Gioacchin Iannolo, Valentina Agnese, Giovanna Lo Iacono, Rosa Liotta, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Massimo Pinzani, Lavinia De Monte, Alessandro Bertani

“…Although PGD is attributed to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), immune responses, primarily T cell-mediated, may play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. …”
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Milk-derived extracellular vesicles and gut health by Barathan Muttiah, Jia Xian Law

“…Milk-derived EVs have been shown to influence gut microbiota, promote gut barrier integrity, support tissue repair and regeneration, modulate immune responses, and potentially aid in managing conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. …”
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibition in Sepsis: Is There Life after Death? by David M. Aronoff

“…In light of this, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibiting pharmacological agents have been extensively studied for their capacity to ameliorate the aberrant physiological and immune responses during severe sepsis. Animal models of sepsis, using the systemic administration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or live pathogens, have been used to examine the effectiveness of COX inhibition as a treatment for severe sepsis. …”
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Persistence of Diarrheal Pathogens Is Associated with Continued Recruitment of Plasmablasts in the Circulation by Anu Kantele

“…Investigating these gut-originating cells in blood provides a less invasive tool for studying intestinal immune responses, with the limitation that the cells disappear from the circulation in two weeks. …”
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Advances in Immunotherapy for Melanoma: A Comprehensive Review by Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira, Miguel Carnero Gregorio, Adriana López-Barcenas, Elena Sánchez-Blanco, Beatriz Sánchez-Blanco, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Brunilda Bardhi, Ardiana Sinani, Roberto Arenas Guzman

“…In this comprehensive review, we describe recent advancements in the development of immunotherapies for melanoma, with a specific focus on the identification of neoantigens for the prediction of their elicited immune responses. This review is expected to provide important insights into the future of immunotherapy for melanoma.…”
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Reorganization of Extracellular Matrix in Placentas from Women with Asymptomatic Chagas Disease: Mechanism of Parasite Invasion or Local Placental Defense? by Juan Duaso, Erika Yanez, Christian Castillo, Norbel Galanti, Gonzalo Cabrera, Gabriela Corral, Juan Diego Maya, Inés Zulantay, Werner Apt, Ulrike Kemmerling

“…Our results suggest that the parasite induces reorganization of this tissue component and in this way may regulate both inflammatory and immune responses in the host. Changes in the ECM of placental tissues, together with the immunological status of mother and fetus, and parasite load may determine the probability of congenital transmission of T. cruzi.…”
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A Rare Sequela of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis by Vijay Kodadhala, Saravana Devulapalli, Mohankumar Kurukumbi, Annapurni Jayam-Trouth

“…Primary and secondary immune responses contribute to inflammation and subsequent demyelination, but the exact pathogenesis is still unknown. …”
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The unexpected role of the STING protein in lipid metabolism by Vila, Isabelle K., Laguette, Nadine

“…Detection of cytosolic pathological nucleic acids is a key step for the initiation of innate immune responses. In the past decade, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) adaptor protein has emerged as a central platform enabling the activation of inflammatory responses in the presence of cytosolic DNAs. …”
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