Toll-like receptors in atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications by Ahmad Vafaeian, Fateme Rajabi, Nima Rezaei

“…Patient heterogeneity, including the presence or absence of polymorphisms, variations in TLR expression levels, and differences in immune responses, underscores the need for personalized therapeutic approaches.…”
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A novel therapeutic multiepitope vaccine based on oncoprotein E6 and E7 of HPV 16 and 18: An in silico approach by Sari Eka Pratiwi, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Mardhia Mardhia, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Muhammad Inam Ilmiawan, Heru Fajar Trianto, Delima Fajar Liana, Yuri Amia

“…Computational analysis indicated the vaccine could induce immune responses through the elevation of cytokine levels after the third injection, antibody production, activation of memory B and T cells, and promotion of increased dendritic cell counts. …”
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Bacterial Toxin Fusion Proteins Elicit Mucosal Immunity against a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Antigen When Administered Intranasally to Guinea Pigs by Sreerupa Challa, Steven M. Szczepanek, Debra Rood, Roger W. Barrette, Lawrence K. Silbart

“…However, intranasal administration of antigens along with the appropriate delivery vehicle/adjuvant has been shown to induce mucosal immune responses, and bacterial enterotoxins have long been known to be effective in this regard. …”
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Synbiotic microcapsule dietary supplementation for prevention against co-infection diseases in Pacific white shrimp: a limited field experiment by Munti Yuhana, Andreas Tambun, Widanarni Widanarni, Usamah Afiff

“…Twenty four hours after WSSV injection the shrimps were immersed in the water-containing cells suspension of V. harveyi at the cell’s population dosage of 106 CFU.ml-1. Immune responses were observed for 7 days after experimental infection. …”
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Metformin blocks BIK1-mediated CPK28 phosphorylation and enhances plant immunity by Yazhou Bao, Qian Zhang, Hai Zhu, Yong Pei, Yaning Zhao, Yixin Li, Peiyun Ji, Dandan Du, Hao Peng, Guangyuan Xu, Xiaodan Wang, Zhiyuan Yin, Gan Ai, Xiangxiu Liang, Daolong Dou

“…Methods: To investigate the impact of MET on enhancing plant immune responses, we conducted assays measuring defense gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and pathogen infection. …”
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Inhibition of STING-mediated type I IFN signaling by African swine fever virus DP71L by Lakmal Ranathunga, Sachini Abesinghe, Ji-Won Cha, Niranjan Dodantenna, Kiramage Chathuranga, Asela Weerawardhana, D. K. Haluwana, Nuwan Gamage, Jong-Soo Lee

“…Abstract African swine fever virus (ASFV) is nucleocytoplasmic large DNA arbovirus and encodes many proteins involved in the interaction with host molecules to evade antiviral immune responses. Especially, evasion strategies of type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated immune responses are crucial for early ASFV replication. …”
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Liquid biopsy approaches to capture tumor evolution and clinical outcomes during cancer immunotherapy by Susan Scott, Mark Sausen, Valsamo Anagnostou, Jennifer Jackson, Vincent Lam, Joseph C Murray, Lavanya Sivapalan, Jenna Vanliere Canzoniero, Blair Landon, Benjamin P. Levy

“…While liquid biopsies may provide a rapid and accurate evaluation of tumor burden dynamics during immunotherapy, the complexity of antitumor immune responses is not fully captured through single-feature ctDNA analyses. …”
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MCT1 lactate transporter blockade re-invigorates anti-tumor immunity through metabolic rewiring of dendritic cells in melanoma by Camille Niveau, Mélanie Cettour-Cave, Stéphane Mouret, Eleonora Sosa Cuevas, Mylene Pezet, Benoît Roubinet, Hugo Gil, Florence De Fraipont, Ludovic Landemarre, Julie Charles, Philippe Saas, Caroline Aspord

“…Abstract Dendritic cells (DC) are key players in antitumor immune responses. Tumors exploit their plasticity to escape immune control; their aberrant surface carbohydrate patterns (e.g., glycans) shape immune responses through lectin binding, and manipulate the metabolism of immune cells, including DCs to alter their function and escape immune surveillance. …”
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Pathogenicity, Host Responses and Implications for Management of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection by Nathan K Ho, Aleah C Henry, Kathene Johnson-Henry, Philip M Sherman

“…The present review focuses on the history, epidemiology and evolution of the pathogen; provides a mechanistic overview of major virulence factors (including Shiga toxins, locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island and pO157 plasmid); discusses host immune responses to infection; considers available animal models; and provides an overview of current and potential future management considerations.…”
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The Involvement of Microglial Cells in Japanese Encephalitis Infections by Thananya Thongtan, Chutima Thepparit, Duncan R. Smith

“…Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play key roles in both the innate and adaptive immune responses in the CNS and are thus of importance in determining the pathology of encephalitis as a result of JEV infection.…”
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An Overview of Live Attenuated Recombinant Pseudorabies Viruses for Use as Novel Vaccines by Bo Dong, Dante S. Zarlenga, Xiaofeng Ren

“…Recombinant PRVs expressing both native and foreign antigens are able to stimulate immune responses. In this paper, we review the current status of live attenuated recombinant PRVs and live PRV-based vector vaccines with potential for controlling viral infections in animals.…”
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Seaweed extract of Gracilaria verrucosa as an antibacterial and treatment against Vibrio harveyi infection of Litopenaeus vannamei by Mad Rudi, Sukenda Sukenda, Dinamella Wahjuningrum, Wesly Pasaribu, Dendi Hidayatullah

“…In conclusion, the seaweed extract of G. verrucosa has antibacterial activity and can induce the immune responses and resistance of Pacific white shrimp against V. harveyi infection. …”
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Induction of translation-suppressive G3BP1+ stress granules and interferon-signaling cGAS condensates by transfected plasmid DNA by Vladimir Majerciak, Zhi-Ming Zheng

“…Together, these data indicate that plasmid DNA triggers innate immune responses in the transfected cells and causes a significant cellular perturbation that should be considered during experiment design and data interpretation.…”
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A Novel Immune-Related Three-Gene Signature and Immune Infiltration Insights in Psoriasis and Chronic Kidney Disease by Yin T, Zhang T, Ma L

“…Through further functional analysis, these genes were found to be primarily involved in the activation of inflammation and innate immune responses. Subsequently, six hub genes were determined using five topological algorithms. …”
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Association of Major Histocompatibility Complex Polymorphism With Acute Phase Response in Broiler Chicken by Afra Vatankhah, Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni, Atefeh Esmailnejad

“…Lastly, the correlation between immune responses and MHC alleles was investigated to identify the most effective alleles in a stress‐related situation. …”
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Autoimmune hepatitis under the COVID-19 veil: an analysis of the nature of potential associations by Chaojie Yu, Wenrui Wang, Qian Zhang, Zhenjing Jin

“…For instance, SARS-CoV-2 may impact autoimmunity through mechanisms such as excessive stimulation of immune responses and molecular mimicry, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals. …”
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Developing and Activated T Cell Survival Depends on Differential Signaling Pathways to Regulate Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-xL by Ruiqing Wang, Huimin Xie, Zhaofeng Huang, Weirong Shang, Zuoming Sun

“…Survival of T cells in both the central and peripheral immune system determines its ultimate function in the regulation of immune responses. In the thymus, developing T cells undergo positive and negative selection to generate a T cell repertoire that responds to foreign, but not self, antigens. …”
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Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway in COVID-19-Dependent Musculoskeletal Pathology: A Minireview by Sagar Vyavahare, Sandeep Kumar, Nicholas Cantu, Ravindra Kolhe, Wendy B. Bollag, Meghan E. McGee-Lawrence, William D. Hill, Mark W. Hamrick, Carlos M. Isales, Sadanand Fulzele

“…The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway plays a vital role in regulating inflammation, metabolism, immune responses, and musculoskeletal system biology. In this minireview, we surmise the effects of the kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 patients and how this pathway might impact muscle and bone biology.…”
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NTHi killing activity is reduced in COPD patients and is associated with a differential microbiome by Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan, Ben Sparklin, Jung Hwan Kim, Jerome Bouquet, Margaret Kehl, Tara Kenny, Christopher Morehouse, Carolina Caceres, Paul Warrener, Ventzislava A. Hristova, Susan Wilson, Harini Shandilya, Arnita Barnes, Alexey Ruzin, Junmin Wang, Lisa Oberg, Bastian Angermann, Christopher McCrae, Adam Platt, Daniel Muthas, Sonja Hess, Christine Tkaczyk, Bret R. Sellman, Kristoffer Ostridge, Maria G. Belvisi, Tom M. A. Wilkinson, Karl J. Staples, Antonio DiGiandomenico, on behalf of the MICA II Study Group

“…We report that differences in host immune responses and NTHi-killing activity are associated with microbiome changes in mild-to-moderate COPD. …”
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Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Expressing Hemagglutinin Stem Region with Autophagy-Inducing Peptide Confers Cross-Protection Against Group 1 and 2 Influenza A Viruses by Wen-Chien Wang, Ekramy E. Sayedahmed, Marwa Alhashimi, Ahmed Elkashif, Vivek Gairola, Muralimanohara S. T. Murala, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Suresh K. Mittal

“…The goal was to identify the optimal combination for enhanced immune responses and cross-protection. Mice were immunized using a prime-boost strategy with heterologous adenoviral (Ad) vectors. …”
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