Heterologous vaccination with subunit protein vaccine induces a superior neutralizing capacity against BA.4/5‐included SARS‐CoV‐2 variants than homologous vaccination of mRNA vacci... by Dandan Peng, Tingmei Zhao, Weiqi Hong, Minyang Fu, Cai He, Li Chen, Wenyan Ren, Hong Lei, Jingyun Yang, Aqu Alu, Yanghong Ni, Jian Liu, Jiong Li, Wei Wang, Guobo Shen, Zhiwei Zhao, Li Yang, Jinliang Yang, Zhenling Wang, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Guangwen Lu, Xiangrong Song, Xiawei Wei

“…In addition, heterologous vaccination exhibited stronger cellular immune response and long‐lasting memory response than the homologous mRNA vaccine. …”
Get full text

Novel carbon dots with dual Modulatory effects on the bone marrow and spleen as a potential therapeutic candidate for treating spinal cord injury by Junjin Li, Hongda Wang, Yuanquan Li, Chunzhen Wang, Haiwen Feng, Yilin Pang, Jie Ren, Chuanhao Li, Erke Gao, Dejing Zhang, Dunxu Hu, Pengtian Zhao, Han Ding, Baoyou Fan, Tao Zhang, Xiaomeng Song, Zhijian Wei, Guangzhi Ning, Yong-Qiang Li, Shiqing Feng

“…Additionally, EJCDs attenuate the immune response in the spleen, leukocytes’ reservoir, following spinal cord injury by diminishing the local infiltration of monocytes and macrophages while promoting motor function recovery. …”
Get full text

Delivery of dendritic cells targeting 3M2e-HA2 nanoparticles with a CpG adjuvant via lysosomal escape of Salmonella enhances protection against H9N2 avian influenza virus by Futing Jia, Wenfeng Wang, Yawen Tian, Ainul Zahra, Yingkai He, Chongbo Ge, Tongyu Zhang, Mingyue Wang, Jingshuo Gong, Gerui Zhang, Guilian Yang, Wentao Yang, Chunwei Shi, Jianzhong Wang, Haibin Huang, Xin Cao, Yang Zeng, Nan Wang, Zhannan Wang, Chunfeng Wang, Yanlong Jiang

“…All the constructed plasmids were then transformed into the sifA gene-deficient Salmonella vector χYL56 for oral immunization.The results showed that sifA-deficient Salmonella could efficiently increase antigen-specific mucosal sIgA antibody titers, especially in alveolar lavage samples, whereas the presence of the phage-54 nanobody could dramatically increase intracellular IFN-γ mRNA levels, indicating its ability to enhance the Th1-type immune response. Finally, the presence of the CpG adjuvant clearly increased T-cell proliferation and promoted DC activation, with elevated splenic TLR21 levels observed. …”
Get full text

Immunotherapy of Cancer: Reprogramming Tumor-Immune Crosstalk by Kyle K. Payne, Amir A. Toor, Xiang-Yang Wang, Masoud H. Manjili

“…These include weak immunogenicity of the tumor, as well as immunosuppressive mechanisms which prevent effective antitumor immune responses. Recent studies suggest that aberrant expression of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) can generate robust antitumor immune responses, which implicates CTAs as potential targets for immunotherapy. …”
Get full text

Human Schistosome Infection and Allergic Sensitisation by Nadine Rujeni, David W. Taylor, Francisca Mutapi

“…Recent studies show that immune responses induced by helminth parasites are, to an extent, comparable to allergic sensitisation. …”
Get full text

Traditional Chinese Medicine Protects against Cytokine Production as the Potential Immunosuppressive Agents in Atherosclerosis by Yan Ren, Wei Qiao, Dongliang Fu, Zhiwei Han, Wei Liu, Weijie Ye, Zunjing Liu

“…Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by dyslipidemia and mediated by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammation is a critical factor at all stages of atherosclerosis progression. …”
Get full text

Current Views of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways by Masahiro Yamamoto, Kiyoshi Takeda

“…Moreover, we will review the historical and current literature to describe the mechanisms behind TLR-mediated activation of innate immune responses.…”
Get full text

Autophagy in Macrophages: Impacting Inflammation and Bacterial Infection by Ali Vural, John H. Kehrl

“…This review focuses on the intimately linked molecular mechanisms that help govern the autophagic pathway and macrophage innate immune responses.…”
Get full text

The Dendritic Cell-Regulatory T Lymphocyte Crosstalk Contributes to Tumor-Induced Tolerance by Nona Janikashvili, Bernard Bonnotte, Emmanuel Katsanis, Nicolas Larmonier

“…Tumor cells commonly escape from elimination by innate and adaptive immune responses using multiple strategies among which is the active suppression of effector immune cells. …”
Get full text

Toll-Like Receptors in Natural Killer Cells and Their Application for Immunotherapy by Ji-Yoon Noh, Suk Ran Yoon, Tae-Don Kim, Inpyo Choi, Haiyoung Jung

“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most well-defined PRRs with respect to PAMP recognition and induction of innate immune responses. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger innate immune responses by inducing inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, antigen-presenting molecules, and costimulatory molecules. …”
Get full text

The epidermal lipid-microbiome loop and immunity: Important players in atopic dermatitis by Junchao Wu, Lisha Li, Tingrui Zhang, Jiaye Lu, Zongguang Tai, Quangang Zhu, Zhongjian Chen

“…Based on this analysis, the “lipid-microbiome” positive feedback loop, regulated by immune responses, is proposed. Key scientific concepts of review: The review delves into the impact of adaptive immune responses that regulate the EIME, driving AD, and investigates potential mechanisms by which lipid supplementation and probiotics may alleviate AD through the up-regulation of the epidermal barrier and modulation of immune signaling. …”
Get full text

The effects of different dosage applications of Bacillus sp. NP5 para-probiotic on the growth performance and resistance of Nile tilapia against Streptococcus agalactiae infection by Widanarni, Sukenda, Annisa Astri Anggraeni, Rr. Bellya Anasti Maharani, Aldy Mulyadin, Munti Yuhana

“…NP5 through feed in improving the immune responses and resistance of tilapia juvenile (Oreochromis niloticus) to infection of Streptococcus agalactiae. …”
Get full text

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Participate in Preventing Graft Rejection by Yan Wang, Xiaodong Gu, Jianbin Xiang, Zongyou Chen

“…Here, we discuss recent findings that describe the molecular mechanisms of MDSCs suppressing T-cell immune responses as well as recent observations that MDSCs may have roles in transplant tolerance.…”
Get full text

Immunogenicity of HIV-1 <i>Env</i> mRNA and <i>Env-Gag</i> VLP mRNA Vaccines in Mice by Qi Ma, Jing Yang, Xiaoguang Zhang, Hongxia Li, Yanzhe Hao, Xia Feng

“…Specific immune responses induced by the env mRNA vaccine were significantly stronger in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group. …”
Get full text

Lymphoid Tissue Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Development and Tissue Remodeling by Luca Genovese, Andrea Brendolan

“…Secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) are sites that facilitate cell-cell interactions required for generating adaptive immune responses. Nonhematopoietic mesenchymal stromal cells have been shown to play a critical role in SLO function, organization, and tissue homeostasis. …”
Get full text

Transcriptional Systems Vaccinology Approaches for Vaccine Adjuvant Profiling by Diogo Pellegrina, Heather L. Wilson, George K. Mutwiri, Mohamed Helmy

“…Adjuvants are a diverse group of substances that can be added to vaccines to enhance antigen-specific immune responses and improve vaccine efficacy. The first adjuvants, discovered almost a century ago, were soluble crystals of aluminium salts. …”
Get full text

Impaired Inflammatory Response to LPS in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Lusine Khondkaryan, Sona Margaryan, David Poghosyan, Gayane Manukyan

“…High susceptibility to infections of T2DM patients indicates dysregulated immune responses to pathogens. However, innate immune responses, including monocyte functions, in T2DM are poorly investigated. …”
Get full text

Impact of Metabolic States on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Responses in Mouse Models of Obesity and Diabetes by Olivia A. Smith, Brent Fujimoto, Teri Ann S. Wong, Albert To, Troy Odo, Aquena Ball, Brien K. Haun, Hiromi Muramatsu, Ying K Tam, Norbert Pardi, Axel T. Lehrer

“…In this study, we investigated the immune responses generated by various SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms in mouse models with obesity and diabetes, focusing on both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. …”
Get full text

Interferons and Interferon Regulatory Factors in Malaria by Sin Yee Gun, Carla Claser, Kevin Shyong Wei Tan, Laurent Rénia

“…Acquired adaptive immune responses control parasite replication and infection-induced pathologies. …”
Get full text

Impact of COVID-19 on Ocular Surface Health: Infection Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, and Inflammatory Responses by Duliurui Huang, Weixia Xuan, Zhijie Li

“…Additionally, the interplay between systemic and ocular immune responses is highlighted, analyzing how systemic COVID-19 inflammation influences ocular surface health. …”
Get full text