Human soft tissue sarcomas harbor an intratumoral viral microbiome which is linked with natural killer cell infiltrate and prognosis by William J Murphy, Robert J Canter, Nikhil Joshi, Sean J Judge, Morgan A Darrow, Steve W Thorpe, Alicia A Gingrich, Lauren M Perry, Sylvia M Cruz, Kara T Kleber, Louis B Jones, Ugur N Basmaci, Matthew L Settles, Blythe P Durbin-Johnson, Arta Monir Monjazeb, Janai Carr-Ascher, Jonathan A Eisen

“…Background Groundbreaking studies have linked the gut microbiome with immune homeostasis and antitumor immune responses. Mounting evidence has also demonstrated an intratumoral microbiome, including in soft tissue sarcomas (STS), although detailed characterization of the STS intratumoral microbiome is limited. …”
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Immune monitoring of trabectedin therapy in refractory soft tissue sarcoma patients - the IMMUNYON study by Paulo Rodrigues-Santos, Paulo Rodrigues-Santos, Paulo Rodrigues-Santos, Paulo Rodrigues-Santos, Paulo Rodrigues-Santos, Paulo Rodrigues-Santos, Jani Sofia Almeida, Jani Sofia Almeida, Jani Sofia Almeida, Jani Sofia Almeida, Jani Sofia Almeida, Jani Sofia Almeida, Luana Madalena Sousa, Luana Madalena Sousa, Luana Madalena Sousa, Patrícia Couceiro, Patrícia Couceiro, Patrícia Couceiro, Patrícia Couceiro, António Martinho, Joana Rodrigues, Ruben Fonseca, Manuel Santos-Rosa, Manuel Santos-Rosa, Manuel Santos-Rosa, Manuel Santos-Rosa, Manuel Santos-Rosa, Paulo Freitas-Tavares, José Manuel Casanova, José Manuel Casanova, José Manuel Casanova, José Manuel Casanova, José Manuel Casanova

“…This study evaluates Trabectedin therapy in 22 refractory STS patients, analyzing progression-free survival (PFS) and immune responses. Immune monitoring included deep immunophenotyping (200+ parameters), gene expression profiling (103 genes), and soluble proteome analysis (99 analytes). …”
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Alleviating symptoms of paediatric acute rhinosinusitis and acute otitis media with otorrhea using nasal-spraying Bacillus probiotics: a randomized controlled trial by Thanh Huu Khieu, Dung Phuong Le, Binh Thanh Nguyen, Binh Thanh Ngo, Hong Thi Chu, Duc Minh Truong, Hung Minh Nguyen, Anh Hoa Nguyen, Tung Dinh Pham, Anh Thi Van Nguyen

“…These results suggest that nasal-spray Bacillus spore probiotics, with their ability to reduce bacterial load and modulate immune responses, provide a cost-effective and safe solution for alleviating symptoms of both ARS and AOM in children. …”
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Changes in Aqueous Humor Cytokine Profile Following Intravitreal Brolucizumab Injection by Ruamviboonsuk V, Kongwattananon W, Chuaypen N

“…Varis Ruamviboonsuk,1,2 Wijak Kongwattananon,1,3 Natthaya Chuaypen4 1Department of Ophthalmology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Medical Science Program, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Center of Excellence in Retina, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; 4Metabolic Diseases in Gut and Urinary System Research Unit (MeDGURU), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Wijak Kongwattananon, Center of Excellence in Retina, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand, Tel +662 256 4000, Email wijak.k@chula.ac.thPurpose: Intravitreal brolucizumab, approved for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), may trigger immune responses leading to intraocular inflammation (IOI) by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. …”
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A meta-analysis of MHC diversity in Pan troglodytes verus by Christelle Vangenot, Alicia Sanchez‑Mazas

“…The MHC genes play a key role in the immune responses and are located on the short arm of chromosome 6. …”
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WKB ameliorates DSS-induced colitis through inhibiting enteric glial cells activation and altering the intestinal microbiota by Qi Sun, Bai-Rong Li, Dong-Hao Li, Xiao-Ying Wang, Qian-Yi Wang, Zhi-Meng Jiang, Shou-Bin Ning, Tao Sun

“…EGCs activity was analyzed via immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR. Immune responses were measured using flow cytometry and cytokine profiling, while gut microbiota changes were examined through metagenomic sequencing. …”
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Investigating the Pulmonary Host Response of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Infection-Associated Pneumonia by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing by Mu-Jung Chou, Chih-Hung Cheng, Hui-Ching Wang, Ming-Ju Tsai, Chau-Chyun Sheu, Wei-An Chang

“…In this study, we found that pneumonia with <i>A. baumannii</i> carrying the NDM resistance gene triggers stronger immune responses in the lung, while pneumonia with <i>A. baumannii</i> lacking antimicrobial resistance genes is more linked to iron-related pathways.…”
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Avian influenza mRNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin provides complete protection against divergent H5N1 viruses in specific-pathogen-free chickens by Zhaoyang Wang, Chongyu Tian, Jiahang Zhu, Shiqian Wang, Xiang Ao, Yanjuan He, Huixin Chen, Xiuying Liao, Deming Kong, Yongfei Zhou, Wanbo Tai, Ming Liao, Huiying Fan

“…Results In experiments on BALB/c mice, the vaccine candidate elicited strong humoral and a certain cellular immune responses and protected mice from the heterologous AIV challenge. …”
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Mannan-Binding Lectin Suppresses Peptidoglycan-Induced TLR2 Activation and Inflammatory Responses by Fanping Wang, Yanhua Li, Can Yang, Yonghui Mu, Yan Wang, Wei Zhang, Yonghui Yang, Chen Chen, Shijun Song, Zhifa Shen, Wenjun Wang, Junpeng Li, Jingjing Zhai, Kang Guo, Ruili Sun, Lili Yu, Mingyong Wang

“…Finally, our data showed that PGN-mediated immune responses were more severely suppressed by preincubation with MBL and indicated that MBL can combine with both TLR2 and PGN to block the inflammation cytokine expression induced by PGN. …”
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From bench to bedside: elucidating VEGF(R) inhibitor-related heart failure in cancer treatment by Shengkun Peng, MinHong Cai, Hongyu Kuang, Anqi Lin, Qinghua Ma, Xiaoqin Dai, Peng Luo, Yijun Liu, Guo Zhang, Yifeng Bai

“…Moreover, significant upregulation was observed in inflammatory pathways, specifically those involving IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IRF3/IRF7-mediated immune responses. Clinical cohort analyses demonstrated significant elevations in both cardiac injury biomarkers (NT-proBNP, CK-MB, cTnT) and inflammatory mediators (CRP) following VEGF(R)i administration. …”
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WT1 Peptide Cancer Vaccine for Patients with Hematopoietic Malignancies and Solid Cancers by Yoshihiro Oka, Akihiro Tsuboi, Olga A. Elisseeva, Hiroko Nakajima, Fumihiro Fujiki, Manabu Kawakami, Toshiaki Shirakata, Sumiyuki Nishida, Naoki Hosen, Yusuke Oji, Ichiro Kawase, Haruo Sugiyama

“…Furthermore, we and others detected IgM and IgG WT1 antibodies in patients with hematopoietic malignancies, indicating that the WT1 protein was highly immunogenic, and that immunoglobulin class-switch-inducing, WT1-specific, cellular immune responses were elicited in these patients. CD8+ WT1-specific CTLs were also detected in peripheral blood or tumor-draining lymph nodes of cancer patients. …”
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Metabolic reprogramming and immunological changes in the microenvironment of esophageal cancer: future directions and prospects by Zhi-Xun Guo, Jia-Li Ma, Jin-Qiu Zhang, Ling-Ling Yan, Ying Zhou, Xin-li Mao, Xin-li Mao, Xin-li Mao, Shao-Wei Li, Shao-Wei Li, Shao-Wei Li, Xian-Bin Zhou, Xian-Bin Zhou, Xian-Bin Zhou

“…We analyzed and discussed these studies, while also expressing our own insights and opinions.ResultsA total of 137 articles were included in the review: 21 articles focused on the tumor microenvironment of esophageal cancer, 33 delved into research related to glucose metabolism and tumor immunology, 30 introduced amino acid metabolism and immune responses, and 17 focused on the relationship between lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment and both tumor cells and immune cells.ConclusionThis article delves into metabolic reprogramming and immune alterations within the TME of EC, systematically synthesizes the metabolic characteristics of the TME, dissects the interactions between tumor and immune cells, and consolidates and harnesses pertinent immunotherapy targets, with the goal of enhancing anti-tumor immunotherapy for esophageal cancer and thereby offering insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies.…”
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Invited review: Improved control of Johne's disease in dairy cattle through advancements in diagnostics, testing, and management of young stock by Larissa Martins, Karin Orsel, Razieh Eshraghisamani, Jose Miguel Hernández-Agudelo, A. Caroline Pereira, Waseem Shaukat, Ad P. Koets, John P. Bannantine, Caroline Ritter, David F. Kelton, Richard J. Whittington, Maarten F. Weber, Antonio Facciuolo, Navneet K. Dhand, Karsten Donat, Susanne Eisenberg, Miguel A. Salgado, John P. Kastelic, Jeroen De Buck, Herman W. Barkema

“…Improvements in fecal PCR, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), and ELISA enable earlier detection of MAP and specific early immune responses. Studies on IGRA and ELISA have focused on evaluation of new antigens and optimal age of testing. …”
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Concentration-dependent effects of immunomodulatory cocktails on the generation of leukemia-derived dendritic cells, DCleu mediated T-cell activation and on-target/off-tumor toxici... by Hazal Aslan Rejeski, Hazal Aslan Rejeski, Anne Hartz, Anne Hartz, Elias Rackl, Elias Rackl, Lin Li, Lin Li, Christoph Schwepcke, Christoph Schwepcke, Kai Rejeski, Kai Rejeski, Christoph Schmid, Christoph Schmid, Andreas Rank, Andreas Rank, Jörg Schmohl, Doris Kraemer, Peter Bojko, Helga Maria Schmetzer, Helga Maria Schmetzer

“…By converting AML blasts into immune activating and leukemia-antigen presenting cells, DC/DCleu-generating protocols can induce immune responses against AML blasts. Such protocols combine approved response modifiers (i.e., GM-CSF and PGE1/OK-432/PGE2) that synergistically improve the conversion of AML blasts into (mature) DC/DCleu. …”
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TYRO3 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating expression of CCN1 in tumor microenvironment by Miso Park, Da-Sol Kuen, Keon Wook Kang, Yeonseok Chung, Jaewoo Park, Munkyung Choi, Yeonji Kim, Eun Chae Roh, Yong June Choi, Yoon Gyoon Kim, Sung Yun Cho

“…Co-cultures of macrophages and T cells were performed to verify the role of CCN1 in the tumors.Results TYRO3 blockade boosts antitumor immune responses in both the tumor-draining lymph nodes and tumors in MC38-syngeneic mice models. …”
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Comparing Antibody Responses to Homologous vs. Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in an Urban Bangladeshi Population by Kazi Istiaque Sanin, Mansura Khanam, Azizur Rahman Sharaque, Mahbub Elahi, Bharati Rani Roy, Md. Khaledul Hasan, Goutam Kumar Dutta, Abir Dutta, Md. Nazmul Islam, Md. Safiqul Islam, Md. Nasir Ahmed Khan, Mustufa Mahmud, Nuzhat Nadia, Fablina Noushin, Anjan Kumar Roy, Protim Sarker, Fahmida Tofail

“…Conclusion: The results underscore the complexity of immune responses across different demographic groups and suggest potential benefits of ongoing heterologous booster strategies in sustaining immunity.…”
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Successful Regulatory T Cell-Based Therapy Relies on Inhibition of T Cell Effector Function and Enrichment of FOXP3+ Cells in a Humanized Mouse Model of Skin Inflammation by S. Landman, V. L. de Oliveira, M. Peppelman, E. Fasse, E. van Rijssen, S. C. Bauland, P. van Erp, I. Joosten, H. J. P. M. Koenen

“…Human cutaneous inflammation and systemic immune responses were analysed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. …”
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Prevalence of Vitamin K2 Deficiency and Its Association with Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control Study by Sameh A. Ahmed, Abdulaziz A. Yar, Anas M. Ghaith, Rayan N. Alahmadi, Faisal A. Almaleki, Hassan S. Alahmadi, Waleed H. Almaramhy, Ahmed M. Alsaedi, Man K. Alraddadi, Hussein M. Ismail

“…Background/Objectives: Vitamin K2 analogs are associated with decreased vascular calcification, which may provide protective benefits for individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) by stimulating anti-calcific proteins like matrix Gla protein and adjusting innate immune responses. This study addresses a significant gap in understanding the association between serum levels of vitamin K2 analogs in different CAD types and examines their correlations with clinical risk parameters in CAD patients. …”
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Annotation and characterization of immunoglobulin loci and CDR3 polymorphism in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) by Yunlan Deng, Fengli Wu, Fengli Wu, Qianqian Li, Lidie Yao, Chengzhi Yang, Long Ma, Xinsheng Yao, Jun Li

“…The genetic locus encoding Ig is critical for vertebrate humoral immune responses and diverse antibody repertoires. Despite the critical role of buffaloes as livestock and their significance in disease transmission, the Ig loci of this species have not been thoroughly annotated. …”
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Parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon by Lucy Cho Nchang, Chefor Magha, Patience Agwa Fonong, Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui, Nancielle Mbiatong Tchatat, Desmond Akumtoh Nkimbeng, Frank Noel Nietcho, Juluis Visnel Foyet, Fanny Fri Fombad, Tatiana Djikeussi Katcho, Jerome Fru Cho, Achim Hoerauf, Manuel Ritter, Samuel Wanji

“…Conclusion: We observed that 31 % of the TB patients and household contacts are infected with parasites including P. falciparum, Loa loa and Since helminths can downregulate immune responses against bacterial infections and thus affect treatment efficacy, we recommend that diagnosis of parasitic infections should be included during TB diagnosis and treatment programmes, especially in rural areas.…”
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