ImmunoglobuliN in the Treatment of Encephalitis (IgNiTE): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial by R Kneen, M Lim, A Vincent, A J Pollard, W K Chong, L-M Yu, M A Iro, M Sadarangani, M Absoud, C A Clark, A Easton, V Gray, M Pike, T Solomon, L Willis

“…Wider use of IVIG in infectious encephalitis and earlier use in immune-mediated encephalitis could improve outcomes for these conditions. We describe the protocol for the first ever randomised control trial of IVIG treatment for children with all-cause encephalitis.Methods and analysis 308 children (6 months to 16 years) with a diagnosis of acute/subacute encephalitis will be recruited in ∼30 UK hospitals and randomised to receive 2 doses (1 g/kg/dose) of either IVIG or matching placebo, in addition to standard treatment. …”
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Population genetics of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes from southern Chad by Ravel, Sophie, Mahamat, Mahamat Hissène, Ségard, Adeline, Argilés-Herrero, Rafael, Bouyer, Jérémy, Rayaisse, Jean-Baptiste, Solano, Philippe, Guihini Mollo, Brahim, Pèka, Mallaye, Darnas, Justin, Belem, Adrien Marie Gaston, Yoni, Wilfrid, Noûs, Camille, De Meeûs, Thierry

“…Flies were also sampled in 2018 in Timbéri and Dokoutou. We analyzed the population genetics of G. fuscipes fuscipes from the four tsetse-infested zones. …”
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Correlates of prior HIV testing and schistosomiasis treatment: Baseline survey findings from the "creating demand for fishermen's schistosomiasis HIV services" (FISH) cluster-rando... by Geoffrey Kangogo, Donaldson F Conserve, Sekeleghe Kayuni, Moses K Kumwenda, Kathryn L Dovel, James Chirombo, Peter MacPherson, Elizabeth L Corbett, Anthony Butterworth, Augustine Talumba Choko

“…<h4>Conclusion</h4>In a setting with an underlying high prevalence of both HIV and schistosomiasis, we found low knowledge of HIV status and low utilization of free schistosomiasis treatment. …”
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Multi-tissue network analysis reveals the effect of JNK inhibition on dietary sucrose-induced metabolic dysfunction in rats by Hong Yang, Cheng Zhang, Woonghee Kim, Mengnan Shi, Metin Kiliclioglu, Cemil Bayram, Ismail Bolar, Özlem Özdemir Tozlu, Cem Baba, Nursena Yuksel, Serkan Yildirim, Shazia Iqbal, Jihad Sebhaoui, Ahmet Hacımuftuoglu, Matthias Uhlen, Jan Boren, Hasan Turkez, Adil Mardinoglu

“…However, the intricate mechanisms underlying these interventions remain incompletely understood given their multifaceted effects across multiple tissues. In this study, we challenged rats with sucrose-sweetened water and investigated the potential effects of JNK inhibition by employing network analysis based on the transcriptome profiling obtained from hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, including visceral white adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and brain. …”
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Identification of microbial exopolymer producers in sandy and muddy intertidal sediments by compound-specific isotope analysis by Hubas, Cédric, Gaubert-Boussarie, Julie, D’Hondt, An-Sofie, Jesus, Bruno, Lamy, Dominique, Meleder, Vona, Prins, Antoine, Rosa, Philippe, Stock, Willem, Sabbe, Koen

“…Our study reveals that EPS sources are more diverse in sandy sediments than in muddy sediments. We also found distinct patterns in the production and breakdown of EPS in sandy and muddy environments. …”
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Gastrointestinal symptoms and bowel habits in 53 046 healthy Danish blood donors: a nationwide cross-sectional study by Christian Erikstrup, Ole Birger Pedersen, Henrik Hjalgrim, Erik Sørensen, Jens Frederik Dahlerup, Klaus Rostgaard, Mikkel Steen Petersen, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Susan Mikkelsen, Khoa Manh Dinh, Thorsten Brodersen, Janna Nissen, Anne Karmisholt Grosen, Jens Kjærgaard Boldsen, Simon Mark Dahl Baunwall, Mie Topholm Bruun, Bitten Aagaard, Christina Mikkelsen, Christian Lodberg Hvas

“…Objective To characterise gastrointestinal symptoms and bowel habits in healthy blood donors and explore symptom phenotypes and their associated factors.Methods Between November 2020 and March 2023, 53 046 participants in the nationwide Danish Blood Donor Study completed a questionnaire including 13 gastrointestinal symptoms, defaecation pattern regularity, stool frequency, and stool consistency. We used a data-driven approach to explore symptom phenotypes and investigated associated factors by multinomial logistic regression.Results Among the 53 046 participants (52% women), 68% (95% CI 67.5% to 68.3%) reported at least one of 13 gastrointestinal symptoms. …”
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Reinforcing cancer immunotherapy with engineered porous hollow mycobacterium tuberculosis loaded with tumor neoantigens by Jie Jiang, Feng-Ying Huang, Shu-Zhen Dai, Guang-Hong Tan, Ming-Hui Chen, Hengyu Chen, Wu-Ping Zheng, Ri-Hong Wu, Weijing Xie

“…Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) contains pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognized by APCs and adhesion molecules that facilitate MTb invasion of APCs. Therefore, we suggest using MTb as a carrier to enhance APC phagocytosis of neoantigens, thereby promoting antigen cross-presentation.Methods The successful preparation of the MTb carrier (phMTb) was confirmed through electron and confocal microscopy. …”
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Increase in methemoglobin fraction due to the use of glyceryl trinitrate patches in preterm infants: a case report and literature review by Andrea Calandrino, Andrea Calandrino, Francesco Vinci, Francesco Vinci, Marcella Battaglini, Marcella Battaglini, Samuele Caruggi, Samuele Caruggi, Chiara Andreato, Chiara Andreato, Carolina Montobbio, Marianna Vannati, Diego Minghetti, Giorgia Brigati, Luca Antonio Ramenghi, Luca Antonio Ramenghi

“…MeHb levels normalized after 18 h, and after adjusting therapy, ischemia resolved successfully.DiscussionWe report the case of a premature IUGR infant who developed elevated methaemoglobin (MeHb) levels during topical GTN therapy for catheter-related extremity ischemia. …”
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First detection and molecular characterization of Jingmen tick virus with a high occurrence in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from livestock in Cameroon (2024) by Paloma Kiwan, Eva Lopez, Morena Gasparine, Geraldine Piorkowski, Agathe Colmant, Achille Paguem, Stephanie Mvodo, Laurence Thirion, Xavier de Lamballerie, Remi Charrel, Alessandra Falchi

“…Multiple sequence analysis revealed that JMTV from the Akonolinga area shared > 95% identity with strains from Guinea, and that these strains clustered phylogenetically together. Conclusions We provide molecular evidence of the presence of JMTV in R. …”
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HIV and the gut microbiome: future research hotspots and trends by Zhen Wu, Zhan-Peng Xie, Xin-Xin Cui, Xiang-Bin Sun, Fang-Yi Zhao, Nuo Wang, Yu Li, Yu Li, Yu Li, Haixia Wang, Haixia Wang, Haixia Wang, Li Zhang, Li Zhang, Li Zhang, Jing Shen, Fulei Chen, Haogang Sun, Jia He, Jia He, Jia He

“…This study aims to explore the research hotspots and trends of the HIV and the gut microbiome, providing direction for future research.MethodsWe conducted a search of the Web of Science Core Collection database up to April 30, 2024 to retrieve articles related to the relationship between the HIV and the gut microbiome. …”
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Myocardial functional recovery following durable ventricular assist device in children by Bhavikkumar Langanecha, Osami Honjo, Alyssa Power, Oshri Zaulan, Christoph Haller, Kristen George, Linda Fazari, Andrea Maurich, David Chiasson, Aamir Jeewa

“…Results: A total of 74 children, of which 43 were female, underwent VAD implantation (PFD = 61 and CFD = 14) at a median (interquartile range) age of 5.6 (0.8, 13.5) years and with a weight of 16.2 (7.5, 40.7) kg. From this cohort, we identified 9 of 75 (12%) children who underwent VAD explantation for MFR. …”
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Molecular insight into reproductive toxicity and transgenerational effects of Cadmium exposure on Drosophila melanogaster by Yi Pan, Ke Fan, Linhao Zong, Yantao Luo, Xin Ni, Dong Chen, Jinjun Qian, Fei Ma, Jie Cheng, Miao Guan

“…Although the evidence for Cd-induced reproductive toxicity is well established, it remains elusive on the intricate dose-response relationship and underlying molecular mechanisms, especially for transgenerational toxicity in animals. Here, we employed fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) as a model organism to examine the reproductive performance across five generations by parental exposure to varying concentrations of Cd (5, 50, and 500 μM). …”
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Global and China trends and forecasts of disease burden for female lung Cancer from 1990 to 2021: a study based on the global burden of disease 2021 database by Bilu Li, Yuyan Wu, Yanhong Zhang, Chengyun Hu, Xue Li, Shanshan Luo, Chenyu Sun, Iyad Yousef, Yefei Wang, Chaoliang Tang

“…Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, we analyzed the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of lung cancer in China and globally from 1990 to 2021. …”
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Process Evaluations of Interventions for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review by Iklil Iman Mohd Sa'id, Natasha Hotung, Madeleine Benton, Iliatha Papachristou Nadal, Anisah Baharom, Matthew Prina, Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof, Kimberley Goldsmith, Samantha Birts, Ching Siew Mooi, Angus Forbes, Khalida Ismail, Boon How Chew

“…The lack of information on PE frameworks in our review also made it difficult to categorize individual PE components against the framework. We need clearer guidance and robust frameworks for conducting PEs for the development and reporting of DPIs for women with GDM. …”
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Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling of pulmonary nodules in synchronous multiple primary lung cancer by Xingsheng Liu, Kun Qian, Lei Su, Xiaoru Tian, Xin Zhao, Tengteng Wang, Li Han, Zhenzhen Li, Peilong Zhang, Ruotian Wang, Baodong Liu, Yuanbo Li, Xiaogang Tan, Yi Zhang

“…Therefore, our study aims to meticulously investigate genomic distinctions among multiple pulmonary nodules within individual patients. Methods We performed targeted DNA sequencing on tumor specimens and conducted bulk RNA transcriptome analysis on 53 multiple nodules originating from 26 lung cancer patients. …”
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Effects of biologic therapy on novel indices of lung inhomogeneity in patients with severe type-2 high asthma by Nayia Petousi, Nick P Talbot, Ian Pavord, Peter A Robbins, Nicholas M J Smith, Graham Richmond, Asma Alamoudi, Lorenzo Petralia, Haopeng Xu, Dominic Sandhu, Grant AD Ritchie

“…Introduction/Aim Lung inhomogeneity measures obtained using computed cardiopulmonography (CCP) are sensitive to small-airways disease. Here, we assessed changes in lung inhomogeneity in patients with type-2 high asthma treated with biological therapy and explored the relationship between inhomogeneity measures and conventional asthma disease markers.Methods This was an observational study of 91 severe type-2 high asthma patients recruited from a tertiary asthma clinic, of whom 67 subsequently started anti-IL5 or anti-IL5R biologics. …”
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PneumoniaCheck, a novel aerosol collection device, permits capture of airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis and characterisation of the cough aeromicrobiome in people with tuberculos... by Tinaye L. Chiyaka, Georgina R. Nyawo, Charissa C. Naidoo, Suventha Moodley, Jose C. Clemente, Stephanus T. Malherbe, Robin M. Warren, David N. Ku, Leopoldo N. Segal, Grant Theron

“…Aerosols have diagnostic potential and airborne-microbes other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) may influence transmission. We evaluated whether PneumoniaCheck (PMC), a commercial aerosol collection device, captures MTBC and the aeromicrobiome of people with TB. …”
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Target Detection Using Fused Unidentical Photonics-Based LFM Sub-Band Radar Signals With an Adaptive Feed Forward Network Equalizer by Bikash Nakarmi, S. M. Rezwanul Islam, Hum Nath Parajuli, Ikechi Augustine Ukaegbu, Aigerim Ashimbayeva, Carlo Molardi, T. D. Subash, Xiangchuan Wang, Shilong Pan

“…This paper proposes and experimentally demonstrates sub-bands fusion of photonically generated linear frequency modulated (Ph-LFM) radar signals with unidentical bandwidth and chirp rates using an adaptive, delay-less feed-forward network equalizer (FFNE). We demonstrate this using optical injection in a semiconductor laser to generate Ph-LFM signals at different IEEE X-KA radar sub-bands: 19.25&#x2013;23.94 GHz and 24.06&#x2013;28.31 GHz (bandgap 0.12 GHz), 19.69&#x2013;23.06 GHz and 23.625&#x2013;27 GHz (bandgap 0.56 GHz), and 8&#x2013;11.5 GHz and 12.75&#x2013;17 GHz (bandgap 1.25 GHz). …”
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Supporting primary care clinicians in caring for patients with alcohol use disorder: study protocol for Records for Alcohol Care Enhancement (RACE), a factorial four-arm randomized... by Kara M. Magane, Richard Saitz, Sarah Fielman, Marc R. LaRochelle, Christopher W. Shanahan, Christine A. Pace, Michael LaValley, Kaley Penington, Skylar Karzhevsky, Emily Hurstak

“…Secondary outcomes include the percent of patients with a new diagnosis of AUD who (1) initiated AUD treatment, (2) were prescribed AUD medications within 90 days, and (3) numerical counts of a range of AUD health services (outpatient encounters, specialty AUD care encounters, referrals, and acute healthcare utilization) in this sample. We will assess the primary outcome and the acute healthcare utilization secondary outcomes using Medicaid claims; the remaining secondary outcomes will be assessed using EHR data. …”
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Impacts of Chemical Initial Conditions in the WRF-CMAQ Model on the Ozone Forecasts in Eastern China by Tangyan Hou, Shaocai Yu, Yaping Jiang, Xue Chen, Yibo Zhang, Mengying Li, Zhen Li, Zhe Song, Pengfei Li, Jianmin Chen, Xiaoye Zhang

“…Abstract Ozone (O3) has become the major factor for exceeding air pollution standards in many Chinese cities, especially in the more economically developed and densely populated regions, such as eastern China. In this study, we applied the Weather Research and Forecasting/Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF/CMAQ) model to predict the air quality, and evaluated the influences of different chemical initial conditions on the O3 forecasts with observations in Tai’an and other 13 cities in eastern China in June 2021. …”
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