A Q-Learning-Based Parameters Adaptive Algorithm for Formation Tracking Control of Multi-Mobile Robot Systems by Chen Zhang, Wen Qin, Ming-Can Fan, Ting Wang, Mou-Quan Shen

“…Furthermore, the stability of the closed-loop control system is rigorously proved by means of matrix properties of graph theory and Lyapunov theory, and the formation tracking errors can be guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. …”
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THE MAMMALIAN CIRCADIAN CLOCK: GENE REGULATORY NETWORK AND THEIR COMPUTER ANALYSIS by O. A. Podkolodnaya, N. N. Podkolodnaya, N. L. Podkolodnyy

“…This paper presents the results of the reconstruction and analysis of gene regulatory network of the circadian clock in mammals. Application of graph theory methods makes it possible to analyze the structure of the gene network and identify the central component of circadian clock regulation, which includes the basic regulatory circuits passing through the key element of the circadian clock, the Clock/Bmal1 protein. …”
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Molecular Descriptors on Line Graphs of Cactus Chains and Rooted Products Graphs by Iftikhar Ahmad, Maqbool Ahmad Chaudhry, Tarkan Öner, Tariq Mahmood, Muhammad Hussain

“…The application of graph theory in the study of molecular physical and chemical properties involves theoretical mathematical chemistry. …”
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Multivalued Fixed Point Results for Two Families of Mappings in Modular-Like Metric Spaces with Applications by Tahair Rasham, Abdullah Shoaib, Choonkil Park, Manuel de la Sen, Hassen Aydi, Jung Rye Lee

“…Some new results in graph theory for multigraph-dominated contractions in modular-like metric spaces are developed. …”
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Eigenvalues of Relatively Prime Graphs Connected with Finite Quasigroups by Muhammad Nadeem, Nwazish Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Bilal, Md. Ashraful Alam, M. I. Elashiry, Kholood Alnefaie

“…A relatively new and rapidly expanding area of mathematics research is the study of graphs’ spectral properties. Spectral graph theory plays a very important role in understanding certifiable applications such as cryptography, combinatorial design, and coding theory. …”
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A New Type-2 Soft Set: Type-2 Soft Graphs and Their Applications by Khizar Hayat, Muhammad Irfan Ali, Bing-Yuan Cao, Xiao-Peng Yang

“…In this study, we present an application of type-2 soft sets in graph theory. We introduce vertex-neighbors based type-2 soft sets over X (set of all vertices of a graph) and E (set of all edges of a graph). …”
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A workflow for processing global datasets: application to intercropping by Mahmoud, Rémi, Casadebaig, Pierre, Hilgert, Nadine, Gaudio, Noémie

“…We developed a method to identify complete factorial designs within global datasets using tools from graph theory. We discuss the position of global datasets in the continuum between data and knowledge, compared to other approaches such as meta-analysis. …”
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Numerical and Scientific Investigation of Some Molecular Structures Based on the Criterion of Super Classical Average Assignments by A. Rajesh Kannan, Nazek Alessa, K. Loganathan, Balachandra Pattanaik

“…Numerous graph assignment techniques, including distance-based labeling, topological indices, and spectral graph theory, can be used to investigate molecule structures. …”
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Connection Number- Based Topological Indices of Cartesian Product of Graphs by Aiman Arshad, Aqsa Sattar, Muhammad Javaid, Mamo Abebe Ashebo

“…The area of graph theory (GT) is rapidly expanding and playing a significant role in cheminformatics, mostly in mathematics and chemistry to develop different physicochemical, chemical structure, and their properties. …”
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Node Importance Measurement Method in Heterogeneous Information Satellite Network by Jingling Li, Jun Li, Wei Liang, Tao Cui, Yi Zhang

“…In satellite network, different nodes have different effects on network connectivity and throughput.In order to avoid network communication disturbances caused by the failure of key nodes in the satellite network, network planning can be carried out in advance by measuring the importance of satellite network nodes.According to the characteristics of satellite network information heterogeneity, satellite virtual nodes and virtual sub-layers were defined, and the satellite multi-layer heterogeneous information correlation network model was proposed.The normalized degree, normalized node betweenness and virtual node correlation factor of virtual nodes were defi ned, and the network node importance calculation function was proposed through the defined parameters, which could accurately measured the node importance in the satellite multi-layer heterogeneous information network.Based on typical examples, the network connectivity and throughput indicators were analyzed.The results showed that the proposed algorithm was better than the classical graph theory algorithm, which could comprehensively considered the impact of data information on the importance of network nodes, and more accurately described the connectivity index of satellite multi-layer heterogeneous information networks.…”
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The snow avalanches risk on Alpine roads network by Frédéric Leone, Albert Colas, Yann Garcin, Nicolas Eckert, Vincent Jomelli, Monique Gherardi

“…These indicators were modeled using the graph theory in a GIS framework, integrating avalanche activity indicators derived from the past activity with the road network. …”
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Mapping the mental lexicon of EFL learners by Maria Pilar Agustín Llach

“…Results showed lack of significant differences in all the measures taken, but some very interesting differences appear when graph theory metrics are applied. Thus, educational bilinguals show higher levels of lexical organization and stronger connections among the nodes. …”
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Distributed Robust Cooperative Hierarchical Control for Island Microgrids under Hijacking Attacks Based on Multiagent Systems by Abdollah Mirzabeigi, Ali Kazemy, Mehdi Ramezani, Seyed Mohammad Azimi

“…In this article, island microgrid has been investigated from the view of multiagent systems and graph theory. This study uses the cooperative distributed hierarchical controller in two primary and secondary layers to control the hijacking cyber-attack in the islanded microgrid. …”
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Evaluation of Bus Networks in China: From Topology and Transfer Perspectives by Hui Zhang, Peng Zhao, Yinhai Wang, Xiangming Yao, Chengxiang Zhuge

“…Some static properties based on graph theory and complex theory are used to evaluate bus topological structure. …”
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On Topological Analysis of Niobium (II) Oxide Network via Curve Fitting and Entropy Measures by Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui, Sana Javed, Sadia Khalid, Mazhar Hussain, Muhammad Shahbaz, Samuel Asefa Fufa

“…A modern field of applied chemistry is chemical graph theory. With the use of combinatorial methods, such as vertex and edge partitions, we explore the connection between atoms and bonds. …”
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Applications of magnesium iodide structure via modified-polynomials by Haleemah Ghazwani, Muhammad Kamran Jamil, Ali Ahmad, Muhammad Azeem, Ali N. A. Koam

“…Abstract A relatively recent approach in molecular graph theory for analyzing chemical networks and structures is called a modified polynomial. …”
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Modified Zagreb Connection Indices for Benes Network and Related Classes by Wenhu Wang, Asma Nisar, Asfand Fahad, Muhammad Imran Qureshi, Abdu Alameri

“…The study of networks such as Butterfly networks, Benes networks, interconnection networks, David-derived networks through graph theoretical parameters is among the modern trends in the area of graph theory. Among these graph theoretical tools, the topological Indices TIs have been frequently used as graph invariants. …”
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Weighted Couple-Group Consensus Analysis of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems with Cooperative-Competitive Interactions and Time Delays by Xingcheng Pu, Chaowen Xiong, Lianghao Ji, Longlong Zhao

“…A novel weighted couple-group consensus protocol based on cooperation and competition interaction is designed, which can relax the in-degree balance condition. By using graph theory, general Nyquist criterion and Gerschgorin disc theorem, the time delay upper limit that the system may allow is obtained. …”
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Multiagent Systems as an Approach to Building Fuzzy voter Communities using fuzzy languages by Milambu Belangany, Pierre Kasengadia Motumbe, Eugène Mbuyi Mukendi

“…Voters, represented as fuzzy agents, communicate using imprecise language to form communities based on shared linguistic terms. By leveraging graph theory, we construct a model of a fuzzy voting system where agents are linked based on the similarity of their fuzzy language. …”
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On the Constant Partition Dimension of Some Generalized Families of Toeplitz Graph by Ali N. A. Koam, Ali Ahmad, Maryam Salem Alatawi, Adnan Khalil, Muhammad Azeem

“…The use of graph theory is prevalent in the field of network design, whereby it finds utility in several domains such as the development of integrated circuits, communication networks, and transportation systems. …”
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