Dynamic localization of glucokinase and its regulatory protein in hypothalamic tanycytes. by Magdiel Salgado, Estefanía Tarifeño-Saldivia, Patricio Ordenes, Carola Millán, María José Yañez, Paula Llanos, Marcos Villagra, Roberto Elizondo-Vega, Fernando Martínez, Francisco Nualart, Elena Uribe, María de Los Angeles García-Robles

“…Glucokinase (GK), the hexokinase involved in glucose sensing in pancreatic β cells, is also expressed in hypothalamic tanycytes, which cover the ventricular walls of the basal hypothalamus and are implicated in an indirect control of neuronal activity by glucose. …”
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Expression of Concern: Dynamic Localization of Glucokinase and Its Regulatory Protein in Hypothalamic Tanycytes. by PLOS One Editors

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A rare splice site mutation in the gene encoding glucokinase/hexokinase 4 in a patient with MODY type 2 by D. E. Ivanoshchuk, E. V. Shakhtshneider, A. K. Ovsyannikova, S. V. Mikhailova, O. D. Rymar, V. I. Oblaukhova, A. A. Yurchenko, M. I. Voevoda

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Effects of a Novel Glucokinase Activator, HMS5552, on Glucose Metabolism in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Ping Wang, Huili Liu, Li Chen, Yingli Duan, Qunli Chen, Shoumin Xi

“…Glucokinase (GK) plays a critical role in the control of whole-body glucose homeostasis. …”
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The APOE∗3-Leiden Heterozygous Glucokinase Knockout Mouse as Novel Translational Disease Model for Type 2 Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetic Atherosclerosis by Marianne G. Pouwer, Suvi E. Heinonen, Margareta Behrendt, Anne-Christine Andréasson, Arianne van Koppen, Aswin L. Menke, Elsbet J. Pieterman, Anita M. van den Hoek, J. Wouter Jukema, Brendan Leighton, Ann-Cathrine Jönsson-Rylander, Hans M. G. Princen

“…APOE∗3-Leiden (E3L) mice are a well-established model for diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, and glucokinase+/− (GK+/−) mice are a translatable disease model for glucose control in type 2 diabetes. …”
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Liver GlucokinaseA456V Induces Potent Hypoglycemia without Dyslipidemia through a Paradoxical Induction of the Catalytic Subunit of Glucose-6-Phosphatase by Anna Vidal-Alabró, Alícia G. Gómez-Valadés, Andrés Méndez-Lucas, Jordi Llorens, Ramon Bartrons, Jordi Bermúdez, Jose C. Perales

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Studies on the Association of GCK and GCKR Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis by Hongxia Tu, Youyi Zhang, Mingyi Wang

“…Polymorphisms in the glucokinase (GCK) and glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) genes, which are crucial for glucose homeostasis, may modulate susceptibility to GDM. …”
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Fructose: A Key Factor in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension by Zeid Khitan, Dong Hyun Kim

“…In the liver, fructose bypasses the two highly regulated steps in glycolysis, glucokinase and phosphofructokinase, both of which are inhibited by increasing concentrations of their byproducts. …”
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A De Novo Whole GCK Gene Deletion Not Detected by Gene Sequencing, in a Boy with Phenotypic GCK Insufficiency by N. H. Birkebæk, J. S. Sørensen, J. Vikre-Jørgensen, P. K. A. Jensen, O. Pedersen, T. Hansen

“…We report on a boy with diabetes mellitus and a phenotype indicating glucokinase (GCK) insufficiency, but a normal GCK gene examination applying direct gene sequencing. …”
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A Model of Insulin Resistance in Mice, Born to Diabetic Pregnancy, Is Associated with Alterations of Transcription-Related Genes in Pancreas and Epididymal Adipose Tissue by Akadiri Yessoufou, Kabirou Moutairou, Naim Akhtar Khan

“…Besides, their pancreatic functional capacity seemed to be exhausted as evidenced by low expression of pancreatic Glut2 and glucokinase mRNA. Though IR offspring exhibited reduced epididymal adipose tissue, their adipocytes seemed to be differentiated into macrophage-like cells, as they exhibited upregulated CD14 and CD68 antigens, generally expressed by macrophages. …”
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In Vivo Hypoglycaemic Effect and Inhibitory Mechanism of the Branch Bark Extract of the Mulberry on STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice by Hua-Yu Liu, Meng Fang, Yu-Qing Zhang

“…To understand this therapeutic effect and the regulatory mechanisms of BBE in diabetic mice, a qRT-PCR experiment was performed, indicating that the mulberry BBE can regulate the mRNA expression of glycometabolism genes in diabetic mice, including glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), glucokinase (GCK), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), thereby regulating sugar metabolism and reducing the blood glucose level in diabetic mice. …”
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Mitigation of Diabetes Mellitus Using Euphorbia helioscopia Leaf Ethanolic Extract by Modulating GCK, GLUT4, IGF, and G6P Expressions in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Ahmed Raza, Muhammad Naveed Mushtaq, Sadia Hassan, Ali Sharif, Bushra Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan Akhtar

“…An upregulation in the expressions of glucokinase, glucose transporter 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and insulin-like growth factor was observed in treated rats in contrast to G6P expression, which was downregulated upon treatment. …”
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Prevalence of GCKR rs1260326 Variant in Subjects with Obesity Associated NAFLD and T2DM: A Case-Control Study in South Punjab, Pakistan by Tayyaba Nisar, Kashan Arshad, Zahid Abbas, Maira Ali Khan, Sohail Safdar, Rehan Sadiq Shaikh, Ali Saeed

“…The glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) regulates glycogen metabolism and insulin secretion, and the GCKR rs1260326 is a putative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with metabolic disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). …”
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Chronic Glucocorticoid-Rich Milieu and Liver Dysfunction by Hernán Gonzalo Villagarcía, Vanesa Sabugo, María Cecilia Castro, Guillermo Schinella, Daniel Castrogiovanni, Eduardo Spinedi, María Laura Massa, Flavio Francini

“…MSG rats displayed degenerated optic nerves, hypophagia, low body and liver weights, and enlarged adipose tissue mass; higher peripheral levels of glucose, triglycerides, insulin, uric acid, leptin, corticosterone, transaminases and TBARS, and peripheral and liver insulin resistance; elevated liver OS, inflammation markers, and glucokinase (mRNA/activity) and fructokinase (mRNA). …”
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Protective Role of Picralima nitida Seed Extract in High-Fat High-Fructose-Fed Rats by Opeyemi Christianah De Campos, Daniel Ikpomwosa Osaigbovo, Titilayo Ifeoluwa Bisi-Adeniyi, Franklyn Nonso Iheagwam, Solomon Oladapo Rotimi, Shalom Nwodo Chinedu

“…APN also significantly (P<0.05) upregulated the relative expression of glucokinase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and leptin at 400 mg/kg body weight when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. …”
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Studying sex differences in responses to fibroblast growth factor 21 administration in obese mice consuming a sweet-fat diet by N. М. Bazhan, T. V. Jakovleva, A. Yu. Kazantseva, N. E. Kostina, P. E. Orlov, N. Yu. Balybina, K. О. Baranov, E. N. Makarova

“…Only in males, FGF21 exerted beneficial antidiabetic action: it reduced fatty acid and leptin plasma levels, improved glucose-tolerance, and upregulated hepatic expression of Ppargc1, Fasn, Accα, involved in lipid turnover, gene Insr and protein glucokinase, involved in insulin action. Only in obese females, FGF21 induced preference of standard diet to sweet food. …”
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NLRP3 inflammasome activation and disruption of IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling: Potential mechanisms of arsenic-induced pancreatic beta cells dysfunction in rats by Yonglian Liu, Wenjuan Wang, Bing Liang, Zhonglan Zou, Aihua Zhang

“…These pathological changes were accompanied by disruptions in the insulin signaling pathway, characterized by increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) at Ser616, reduced expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT) at Ser473, and significant decreases in downstream targets, including the nuclear translocation of PDX-1, membrane translocation of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and glucokinase (GCK) expression. In vitro, NaAsO2-treated INS-1 cells exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. …”
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Chronic Mild Hyperglycemia in GCK-MODY Patients Does Not Increase Carotid Intima-Media Thickness by Stepanka Pruhova, Petra Dusatkova, Pavel J. Kraml, Michal Kulich, Zdena Prochazkova, Jan Broz, Jaroslav Zikmund, Ondrej Cinek, Michal Andel, Oluf Pedersen, Torben Hansen, Jan Lebl

“…GCK-MODY is an autosomal dominant form of diabetes caused by heterozygous mutations in the glucokinase gene leading to a lifelong mild hyperglycemia. …”
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Peel of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) diets boost growth, digestive-absorptive functions, immune-antioxidant indices, and regulate immunomodulatory genes and mTOR/MAPK-P38/apoptosis sig... by Rowida E. Ibrahim, Gehad E. Elshopakey, Elsayed M. Younis, Abdelwahab A. Abdelwarith, Asmaa Yaseen, Tarek Khamis, Simon J. Davies, Afaf N. Abdel Rahman

“…CPP diets up-regulated (P˂0.05) the intestinal and muscular gene expression (trypsin, solute carrier family 6, member 18, fatty acid-binding proteins-2, cluster of differentiation 36, insulin growth factor-1, carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1alpha, pyruvate kinase, and glucokinase). CPP diets improved the immune-antioxidant indices (P˂0.001) (lysozyme, complement 3, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione content, and total antioxidant capacity). …”
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Lower Circulating miR-122 Level in Patients with HNF1A Variant-Induced Diabetes Compared with Type 2 Diabetes by Xiuting Huang, Siqian Gong, Yumin Ma, Xiaoling Cai, Lingli Zhou, Yingying Luo, Meng Li, Wei Liu, Simin Zhang, Xiuying Zhang, Qian Ren, Yu Zhu, Xianghai Zhou, Rui Zhang, Ling Chen, Xueying Gao, Fang Zhang, Yanai Wang, Xueyao Han, Linong Ji

“…This study aimed to investigate differences in serum miR-122 levels in Chinese patients with different forms of diabetes, including T2DM, type 1 diabetes (T1DM), HNF1A variant-induced diabetes (HNF1A-DM), glucokinase variant-induced diabetes (GCK-DM), and mitochondrial A3243G mutation-induced diabetes (MDM). …”
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