POLITICAL BEHAVIOR AND ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: ANALYSIS OF THE 2011 AND 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS by IBIRONKE B. DOMINION ADIGUN

“… A prosperous democracy is only possible when a free and fair election is achieved. If resources and potentials of the nation will be properly maximized, it will begin with an election without intimidation or harassment. …”
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SOCIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF VOTE BUYING IN NORTH-WEST ZONE OF NIGERIA: THE STUDY OF THE 2015 AND 2019 ELECTIONS by MU’AZU AHMED MOHAMMED

“…This phenomenon has impacted negatively in the Nigeria’s free and fair election processes. The ill competent ones occupied elective political positions because they used money to secured votes, while the qualified ones were left behind hence, they were unable to use money during primary and secondary elections. …”
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Symposium on the role of religious leaders in peacemaking and social change in Africa: Zambia's case by F.D. Sakala

“…The transition from a single to multi-party democracy was peaceful following the free and fair elections. This made Zambia an example of a new wave of democratization which is sweeping across Africa in this last decade of the twentieth century. …”
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Electoral Management in the Western Balkans – Overview of Institutional Setting by Marko Milenković

“…Countries of the Western Balkans (WB) – former federal units of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Albania have undergone a lengthy and complex process of democratisation from late 1980s. Free and fair elections are among the cornerstones of democratic consolidation. …”
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ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN KADUNA STATE: THE IMPLICATION FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT by Abdullahi Umar, Abubakar Abdullahi Muhammad, Awwal Muhammad Shafiu, Abdulrahim Mahmud Dogara, Amina Lawal

“…The concept of political legitimacy is inextricably intertwined with the issues of political change, regardless of whether governments, political systems, or institutions comply with the traditional standards of legitimacy as subscribed in a democratic process of free and fair elections. The study found that electoral violence has turned into a predictable occurrence in Nigeria's political system and should therefore not be escalated to destructive levels against people's lives and property, regardless of their ethnic or religious differences.The paper also found that there are a number of variables, such as poverty, unemployment, and inadequate voter education that contribute to election violence in Kaduna State. …”
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Security Challenges: Appraisal of Threats to Nigeria’s Sovereignty in the Fourth Republic (1999-2019) by Olanrewaju Rafiu Memud, Solomon A. Ojo

“…The study recommends good governance and unadulterated fiscal federalism, free and fair elections; discourage culture of impunity, proactiveresponse to intelligence information gathering/usage; and non[1]politicization of unfolding socio-political issues. …”
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