Cellular and immune landscape of chronic liver diseases: insights from immunophenotyping by Shaghayegh Soleimani, Shaghayegh Soleimani, Ozgur Albayrak, Kayra Somay, Hong Yang, Buket Yigit, Burge Ulukan, Dila Atak, Murat Akyildiz, Metehan Gursoy, Elif Demirtas, Adil Mardinoglu, Adil Mardinoglu, Atay Vural, Atay Vural, Murat Dayangac, Mujdat Zeybel

“…The NK cell count was lower in peri-tumor liver specimens compared to ARLD, and an upregulation of TIGIT, an inhibitory marker, was observed in those peri-tumor specimens.ConclusionThis study contributes to the understanding of immune dynamics in chronic liver disease among different etiologies. B lymphocytes are relatively reduced in alcohol-related liver disease compared to other groups, and T cells exhibit a more differentiated subtype. …”
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Diagnostics and Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia (Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, Russ... by V. T. Ivashkin, A. S. Trukhmanov, I. V. Maev, O. M. Drapkina, A. I. Martynov, O. A. Storonova, E. A. Godgello, M. P. Korolev, T. L. Lapina, P. V. Pavlov, A. V. Paraskevova, I. A. Tarasova, E. D. Fedorov, A. T. Tskhovrebov, M. P. Shapka, A. L. Shestakov, A. V. Yurasov

“…Achalasia is an idiopathic neuromuscular disease manifested by a functional disorder of the patency of the cardia due to a lack of coordination between swallowing, reflex opening of the lower esophageal sphincter, and the motor and tonic activity of the smooth muscles of the esophagus. The etiology of achalasia remains unclear. However, it is believed that the key role belongs to the changes in the myenteric (Auerbach’s) intermuscular plexus of the enteric nervous system of the esophagus, leading to loss of neuronal function. …”
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Current status of the thyroid hormone measurement items in patients receiving levothyroxine monotherapy by the management based on the thyroid tissue volume by Mitsuru Ito, Hanna Deguchi-Horiuchi, Sawako Takahashi, Mako Hisakado, Kazuyoshi Kohsaka, Eijun Nishihara, Shuji Fukata, Mitsushige Nishikawa, Akira Miyauchi, Takashi Akamizu

“…This retrospective study examined the composition of the thyroid hormone measurement items (serum-free thyroxine [FT4], FT3, and FT4 + FT3) in patients receiving LT4 monotherapy. According to the etiology of hypothyroidism, 36% of the 25,523 patients included in this study underwent total thyroidectomy (TT). …”
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Renal Transplantation Dramatically Reduces IgA Anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I Antibodies in Patients with Endstage Renal Disease by Manuel Serrano, Jose Angel Martínez-Flores, Maria José Castro, Florencio García, David Lora, Dolores Pérez, Esther Gonzalez, Estela Paz-Artal, Jose M. Morales, Antonio Serrano

“…Patients with different etiologies of ESRD showed higher levels of IgA aB2GPI than blood donors, except the groups of non-IgA glomerular disease and systemic erythematosus lupus, whose nonsignificant differences were observed. …”
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Congenital muscular dystrophies and myopathies: the leading cause of genetic muscular disorders in eleven Chinese families by Bin Mao, Xiaoling Cai, Na Lin, Yulin Jiang, Na Hao, Yifang Dai, Danhua Guo, Deqin He, Huili Xue, Lingji Chen, Qianqian He, Min Zhang, Meihuan Chen, Hailong Huang, Liangpu Xu

“…In this study, we recruited eleven families with early-onset neuromuscular disorders in China, aimed to clarify the underlying genetic etiology. Methods Essential clinical tests, such as biomedical examination, electromyography and muscle biopsy, were applied to evaluate patient phenotypes. …”
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Aqueous humor metabolomic profiling identifies a distinct signature in pseudoexfoliation syndrome by Arturs Zemitis, Arturs Zemitis, Juris Vanags, Juris Vanags, Theresa Schiemer, Theresa Schiemer, Kristaps Klavins, Kristaps Klavins, Guna Laganovska, Guna Laganovska

“…PurposePEXS was first described in 1917, yet its etiology still needs clarification. An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants plays a significant role. …”
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NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (rs10754558) gene polymorphism in chronic spontaneous urticaria: A pilot case-control study by Aya El Gendy, Fawzia Hassan Abo Ali, Shereen A. Baioumy, Sara I. Taha, Mahy El -Bassiouny, Osama M. Abdel Latif

“…Objective: This case-control study aimed to determine the association between the NLRP3 inflammasome (rs10754558) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the occurrence, severity and etiology of CSU. Methods: Each study group included 62 participants; all were subjected to CSU severity evaluation by the urticaria activity score (UAS), autologous serum skin testing (ASST) and NLRP3 (rs10754558) genotyping. …”
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Mathematical modeling in autoimmune diseases: from theory to clinical application by Yaroslav Ugolkov, Yaroslav Ugolkov, Yaroslav Ugolkov, Antonina Nikitich, Antonina Nikitich, Cristina Leon, Gabriel Helmlinger, Kirill Peskov, Kirill Peskov, Kirill Peskov, Kirill Peskov, Victor Sokolov, Victor Sokolov, Alina Volkova, Alina Volkova

“…The research & development (R&D) of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of autoimmune diseases is challenged by highly complex pathogenesis and multiple etiologies of these conditions. The number of targeted therapies available on the market is limited, whereas the prevalence of autoimmune conditions in the global population continues to rise. …”
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Return to play following craniotomy for non-traumatic brain lesions by Jovanna A. Tracz, Matthew L. Farmer, Mark Hughes, Debraj Mukherjee, Paul M. Brennan

“…Conclusions: Although limited by sample size, the data provides a foundation to support development of a systematic approach to RTP decision-making following craniotomy for brain lesions of non-traumatic etiology. Future work to develop consensus guidelines will benefit from objective data about outcomes, particularly in relation to repeat imaging prior to RTP.…”
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The GWAS-MAP platform for aggregation of results of genome-wide association studies and the GWAS-MAP|homo database of 70 billion genetic associations of human traits by T. I. Shashkova, D. D. Gorev, E. D. Pakhomov, A. S. Shadrina, S. Zh. Sharapov, Y. A. Tsepilov, L. C. Karssen, Y. S. Aulchenko

“…The GWAS-MAP platform and database can be used for studying the etiology of human diseases, building predictive risk models and finding potential biomarkers and therapeutic interventions. …”
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Cerebrospinal fluid‐specific oligoclonal bands in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy by Junwei Föhr, Julia K. Prümmer, Arianna Maiolini, Eliane Marti, Ilijas Jelcic, Beatriz Vidondo, Mario Ziegler, Andrea Bathen‐Nöthen, Andrea Tipold, Holger A. Volk, Veronika M. Stein

“…In human medicine, an immune‐mediated etiology is suspected in a subset of ASM‐resistant patients with epilepsy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐type oligoclonal bands (OCBs) have been detected. …”
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The Relevance of the Virchow Node and Virchow Triad in Renal Cancer Diagnosis by Luiza-Roxana Dorobantu-Lungu, Viviana Dinca, Andrei Gegiu, Dan Spataru, Andreea Toma, Luminita Welt, Mihaela Florentina Badea, Constantin Caruntu, Cristian Scheau, Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler

“…<b>Background:</b> The purpose of this article is to overview the clinical significance of left supraclavicular adenopathy and review the etiology of inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis, starting from a presentation of a rare case of renal cell carcinoma (RCCs) with Xp11.2 translocation involving TFE3 gene fusion. …”
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Microbial dynamics of acute pancreatitis: integrating culture, sequencing, and bile impact on bacterial populations and gaseous metabolites by Agnieszka Chmielarczyk, Edyta Golińska, Anna Tomusiak-Plebanek, Natalia Żeber-Lubecka, Natalia Żeber-Lubecka, Maria Kulecka, Maria Kulecka, Antoni Szczepanik, Katarzyna Jedlińska, Krzysztof Mech, Konrad Szaciłowski, Agata Kuziak, Agata Pietrzyk, Magdalena Strus

“…Moreover, NGS verified the presence of the Fusobacteriota phylum and Fusobacteriaceae family only in rectal swabs, which may indicate a link between this type of bacteria and the etiology of diverticulitis. We observed that Escherichia coli 33 isolated from stool exhibited active gaseous metabolite production (mainly hydrogen).ConclusionsThe abundant production of hydrogen may substantially impact enzymatic processes, inducing specific alterations in disulfide bonds and trypsin inactivation. …”
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Association of HIVEP3 Gene and Lnc RNA with Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Content and Hip Geometry by Genome-Wide Association Analysis in Chinese People by Weiwei Hu, Jinwei He, Luyue Qi, Chun Wang, Hua Yue, Jiemei Gu, Hao Zhang, Yi Wang, Zhenlin Zhang

“…These results provide important information for us to further understand the etiology and genetic pathogenesis of osteoporosis. …”
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Peripheral Nerve Blocks Are Associated With Decreased Early Medical Complications, Dislocations, and Opioid Consumption Following Total Hip Arthroplasty by Brian P. McCormick, MD, Sean B. Sequeira, MD, Mark D. Hasenauer, MD, Robert P. McKinstry, MD, Frank R. Ebert, MD, Henry R. Boucher, MD

“…Methods: Opioid-naive patients who received PNBs on the same day as undergoing THA for degenerative etiologies were identified from a large national database and matched 1:5 to a control cohort using propensity scoring. …”
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Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis by Noelia Marquez Pete, Cristina Perez Ramirez, Maria del Mar Maldonado Montoro, Fernando Martinez Martinez, Fernando Fernández-Llimos, Antonio Sánchez Pozo, María del Carmen Ramirez Tortosa, Alberto Jiménez Morales

“…Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology which causes progressive deterioration of the joints, leading to severe pain and functional disability. …”
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Significance of Linked Color Imaging for Predicting the Risk of Clinical Relapse in Ulcerative Colitis by Shuji Kanmura, Akihito Tanaka, Kazuki Yutsudou, Kosuke Kuwazuru, Fukiko Komaki, Yuga Komaki, Hiromichi Iwaya, Shiho Arima, Fumisato Sasaki, Shiroh Tanoue, Shinichi Hashimoto, Akio Ido

“…Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology. Recently, mucosal healing has emerged as an important therapeutic endpoint in UC. …”
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Incidence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Population-Based Diabetic Foot Cohort (ADFC Study)—Two-Year Follow-Up Study by Leila Yazdanpanah, Hajieh Shahbazian, Iraj Nazari, Hamid Reza Arti, Fatemeh Ahmadi, Seyed Ehsan Mohammadianinejad, Bahman Cheraghian, Saeed Hesam

“…These findings provide support for a multifactorial etiology for DFU.…”
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Neuroimaging stratification reveals the striatal vulnerability to stress as a risk for schizophrenia by Xiaoqian Ma, Nana Feng, Lena Palaniyappan, Luolong Cao, Zixin Gu, Jujiao Kang, Liu Yuan, Lijun Ouyang, Yujue Wang, Chunwang Li, Ke Jin, Xiaogang Chen, Jianfeng Feng, Ying He, Qiang Luo

“…The stratified association between the striatum and stress highlights the differential vulnerability to stress, contributing to the complexity of the gene-by-environment etiology of schizophrenia.…”
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Modified Trochanteric Flip Osteotomy in Varus Intertrochanteric Osteotomy for Treatment of Legg–Calvé–Perthes Disease by Andrea Laufer, Carina Antfang, Georg Gosheger, Adrien Frommer, Gregor Toporowski, Henning Tretow, Robert Roedl, Bjoern Vogt

“…<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD) presents challenges in treatment due to its varied course and unclear etiology. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combining proximal femoral varus osteotomy (PFVO) with a modified trochanteric flip osteotomy to address biomechanical consequences and improve hip abductor muscle strength. …”
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