A Case of Infective Endocarditis and Pulmonary Septic Emboli Caused by Lactococcus lactis by Bshara Mansour, Adib Habib, Nazih Asli, Yuval Geffen, Dan Miron, Nael Elias

“…We present here a case of previously healthy eleven-year-old girl with infective endocarditis and pulmonary septic emboli caused by a very rare bacterial etiology (Lactococcus lactis). Identification of this pathogen was only made by polymerase chain reaction.…”
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Resolution of Abfraction-Associated Gingival Fenestration Utilizing Connective Tissue Grafting by Braydon Haskell, J. Kobi Stern, Jordan Ghiassi, Andrew Kurialacherry, Sadja Gaud-Quintana, Mark E. Peacock

“…Gingival fenestration (GF) is a distinct clinical entity of uncertain etiology that is seldom documented in the literature. …”
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Diabetic Macular Edema Pathophysiology: Vasogenic versus Inflammatory by Pedro Romero-Aroca, Marc Baget-Bernaldiz, Alicia Pareja-Rios, Maribel Lopez-Galvez, Raul Navarro-Gil, Raquel Verges

“…Current diagnostic techniques do not permit us to differentiate between both etiologies. In the future, diagnosing the physiopathology of each patient with DME will help us to select the most effective drug.…”
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Secondary endolymphatic hydrops: a clinical and literature overview by Aïna Venkatasamy, Aïna Venkatasamy, Aïna Venkatasamy, Aïna Venkatasamy, Anne R. J. Péporté

“…This review provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology and etiologies of this intricate disease process, thereby facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of the affected patients.…”
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Pneumoscrotum as Complication of Blunt Thoracic Trauma: A Case Report by Eftychios Lostoridis, Konstantinos Gkagkalidis, Nikolaos Varsamis, Nikolaos Salveridis, Georgios Karageorgiou, Spyridon Kampantais, Paraskevi Tourountzi, Konstantinos Pouggouras

“…It presents with swollen scrotal sac and sometimes with palpable crepitus. It has many etiologies. One of them is due to blunt trauma of the thoracic cage, causing pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum. …”
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Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Acquired Nontraumatic Urethral Strictures in Boys in Yaoundé, Cameroon by F. F. Mouafo Tambo, G. Fossi kamga, C. Kamadjou, L. Mbouche, A. S. Nwaha Makon, J. Birraux, O. G. Andze, F. F. Angwafo, P. Y. Mure

“…In case of acquired strictures, the etiology is iatrogenic or traumatic and rarely infectious or inflammatory. …”
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Mechanisms and Clinical Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias following Blunt Chest Trauma by Daniel H. Wolbrom, Aleef Rahman, Cory M. Tschabrunn

“…This can be the result of a dense projectile during competitive and recreational sports but may also include other etiologies such as motor vehicle accidents or traumatic falls. …”
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Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Laringomalasia by Elfianto Elfianto, Novialdi Novialdi

“…Sekitar 80% kasus merupakan derajat ringan dan sedang yang dapat membaik serta resolusi sampai usia 2 tahun sedangkan 20% merupakan derajat berat yang membutuhkan tindakan pembedahan Tujuan: Mengetahui dan memahami etiologi, diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan laringomalasia. …”
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Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts by Tilahun Alelign, Beyene Petros

“…Therefore, this review has intended to provide a compiled up-to-date information on kidney stone etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention approaches.…”
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Postnatal Imaging of Antenatal Hydronephrosis by David M. Kitchens, C. D. Anthony Herndon

“…Upper and lower urinary tract imaging should be performed in most cases in order to determine the etiology and gauge the use of future imaging. An overview of renal ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography, renal scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance urography in the setting of antenatal hydronephrosis are discussed.…”
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Endoscopic Management of Gastric Varices: Efficacy and Outcomes of Gluing with N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate in a North American Patient Population by PJ Belletrutti, J Romagnuolo, RJ Hilsden, F Chen, B Kaplan, J Love, PL Beck

“…The majority of studies on this mode of therapy are in Asian populations in which the etiology of portal hypertension differs from North America.…”
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A child with pica. A case presentation. by Lidia Rosa Pérez González, Yanelis La Rosa Linares, Mariela Silverio Mesa

“…The patient received treatment for 6 months till the ingestion of stones disappeared with the control of the etiologic factors that caused it.<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong></strong></span>…”
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Incidental Unilateral Tubal Absence Detected During Caesarean Section: Report of a Case by Selçuk Erkılınç, Ali İrfan Güzel, Melike Doğanay, İrfan Özer, Coşkun Ümit

“… Unilateral tubal absence is a rare clinical condition with unknown etiology and probable causes are adnexal torsion, ischemia, birth defects and infection. …”
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Incidental Finding and Management of Intralobar Sequestration of the Lung in A 24-Year-Old Man by Dhanjit Litt, Sumeet Gandhi, Sacha Bhinder, Maurice Blitz, Kieran McIntyre

“…The present article discusses the etiology, clinical and radiographic features of pulmonary sequestration as well as the management of this condition when it is discovered incidentally.…”
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Association of Human Lymphocyte Antigens with Obstructive Airways Disease after Bone Marrow Transplantation by David Spaner, Jeffrey Lipton, Charles K Chan

“…BACKGROUND: Obstructive airways disease (OAD) is a known complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The etiology of OAD is unknown but is probably multifactorial. …”
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Korelasi antara Latent Membrane Protein-1 Virus Epstein-Barr dengan P53 pada Karsinoma Nasofaring (Penelitian Lanjutan) by Yenita ., Aswiyanti Asri

“…Abstrak Latar Belakang: Karsinoma nasofaring (KNF) merupakan tumor yang unik karena etiologi dan distribusi endemiknya. Di daerah endemik, etiologi KNF berkaitan dengan infeksi EBV. …”
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Comparison of Two New Mouse Models of Polygenic Type 2 Diabetes at the Jackson Laboratory, NONcNZO10Lt/J and TALLYHO/JngJ by Edward H. Leiter, Marjorie Strobel, Adam O'Neill, David Schultz, Andrew Schile, Peter C. Reifsnyder

“…Although the T2D pathophysiology in both TALLYHO/JngJ and NONcNZO10/LtJ is remarkably similar, their genetic etiologies are clearly different, underscoring the genetic heterogeneity underlying T2D in humans.…”
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A 23-Year-Old Female with a Mixed Germ Cell Tumor of the Pituitary Infundibulum: The Challenge of Differentiating Neoplasm from Lymphocytic Infundibuloneurohypophysitis—A Case Repo... by Sann Yu Mon, Hussain Mahmud, Munira Abbasi, Geoff Murdoch, Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda, Paul A. Gardner, Sue M. Challinor

“…Differentiating LINH from other causes of infundibular disease can be difficult because the various etiologies often have similar clinical presentations and radiologic imaging characteristics. …”
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End Stage Renal Disease: Seroprevalence of Hepatitises B and C along with Associated Aetiology and Risk Factors in Children by Syed Raza Shah, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Muhammad Tanveer Alam, Adnan Salim, Mehwish Hussain, Areeba Altaf

“…The data was collected using a predesigned pro forma to note the etiology, gender, age, and HBsAg and anti-HCV test result of each patient. …”
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Myocardial Bridging, Unusual Cause of Myocardial Infarction; Case Report and Review of Literature by Merga Daba, Dawit Bineyam, Ibraist Yohannes, Beniam Yohannes, Rabirra Waktola, Eshetu Bedada

“…Clinicians should be suspicious of myocardial bridging as an etiology of myocardial infarction when other more common etiologies have been excluded. …”
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