Avian colibacillosis – current aspects by A. O. Gerasimova, O. B. Novikova, A. A. Savicheva

“…The disease shall be treated taking into account primary etiological factors and bacteria sensitivity to antimicrobials.…”
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Application of diagnostic methods in the verification of Lyme carditis (clinical case) by K.V. Myndziv, N.I. Yarema, N.Ya. Vereshchahina, V.I. Bondarchuk, U.P. Hevko, O.V. Vayda

“…The application of the modern technologies in patients with myocarditis made it possible to determine the etiological factor of the disease with the establishment of genotypes, which caused Lyme carditis.…”
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<i>Bacillus anthracis</i> strain differentiation based on SNP and VNTR loci by E. A. Anisimova, N. A. Fakhrutdinov, D. A. Mirgazov, E. A. Dodonova, I. A. Elizarova, M. E. Gorbunova, N. I. Khammadov, L. I. Zainullin, K. A. Osyanin

“…For its epidemiology, it is important not only to identify the etiological agent but also to determine the patterns of its evolution and spread. …”
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Frequency of BK virus genotypes in patients with colorectal cancer by Mahsa Javadi, Gholamabbas Kaydani, Roya Pirmoradi, Abdolhassan Talaiezadeh, Azadeh Haghi Navand, Mohammad Karimi Baba Ahmadi, Manoochehr Makvandi

“…Conclusion: It is imperative to enhance one's understanding of the etiological and risk factors pertaining to cancers. …”
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Epigenetic Biomarkers and the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Opisthorchis viverrini-associated Cholangiocarcinoma: A Scoping Review on Therapeutic Opportunities. by Alok Kafle, Sutas Suttiprapa, Mubarak Muhammad, Jan Clyden B Tenorio, Roshan Kumar Mahato, Norhidayu Sahimin, Shih Keng Loong

“…Considering the distinct etiological agent, pathogenic mechanisms, and pathological manifestations, epigenetic research plays a pivotal role in uncovering markers and potential targets related to the cancer-promoting and morbidity-inducing liver fluke parasite prevalent in the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS). …”
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Popliteal artery aneurysm is a cause that should not be forgotten in acute limb ischemia by Deniz Sarp Beyazpinar, Mehmet Emir Erol

“…While PAA is considered one of the rare causes of ALI, it should be kept in mind as one of the etiological factors in patients presenting with ALI. …”
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Dysregulation in the microbiota by HBV and HCV infection induces an altered cytokine profile in the pathobiome of infection by Marcos Daniel Mendes Padilha, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo, Rogério Valois Laurentino, Andrea Nazaré Monteiro Rangel da Silva, Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa

“…Viral hepatitis is a public health problem, about 1 million people die due to complications of this viral disease, the etiological agents responsible for inducing cirrhosis and cellular hepatocarcinoma are HBV and HCV, both hepatotropic viruses that cause asymptomatic infection in most cases. …”
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-6: Potential Interorgan Inflammatory Mediators Contributing to Destructive Periodontal Disease in Obesity or Metabolic Syndrome by Roozbeh Khosravi, Khady Ka, Ting Huang, Saeed Khalili, Bich Hong Nguyen, Belinda Nicolau, Simon D. Tran

“…In this review, we discuss a working model, which focuses on interorgan inflammation as a common etiological factor for destructive periodontal disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. …”
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The Molecular Diagnosis Protocols of New Coronavirus (COVID-19); Specificity and Sensitivity an Overview by Abdullah Ahmed Hama, Othman Abdulrahman Mohammed, Fatima Mahmud Ali, Osama Hamid Shareef, Sardar Muhammad Wli, Sabiha Sharif, Syamand Ahmed Qadir

“…Early diagnosis of the etiological agents is critical for appropriate management, controlling plan, protection, and treatment. …”
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A Retrospective Study on Correlation of Facial Fractures and Type of Trauma in Patients Admitted in Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of Stomatology National and Specialized Hosp... by Sharif AK, Ehsan H, Mirzad SW, Ibrahimkhil MA

“…Understanding the demographic patterns, causes, and treatment outcomes of these injuries is crucial for improving patient care and developing targeted prevention strategies.Objective: This study aims to analyze the demographic characteristics, etiological factors, anatomical distribution, and treatment modalities of patients presenting with facial bone fractures at Stomatology National and Specialized Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan, during 2022.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 463 patients with facial bone fractures treated at the hospital. …”
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Revisiting the Link Between HLA‐DRB1 Alleles and Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association of non‐Shared Epitope Alleles *09 and *15 With High Levels of Anti–Citrullinate... by Denis Lagutkin, Luis Panaifo, Ahmad‐Fauzi Nurul‐Aain, Lena Israelsson, Monika Hansson, Karin Lundberg, Lars Alfredsson, Johan Askling, RACI consortium, Lars Klareskog, Chun‐Lai Too, Leonid Padyukov

“…Objective Autoantibodies serve as essential clinical biomarkers and may indicate etiological mechanisms in rheumatic diseases. In light of the increasing knowledge concerning the diversity and biologic implications of anti–citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPAs), we have re‐evaluated the association between the ACPA response and the HLA‐DRB1 allelic groups, known to represent a major genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). …”
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Effect of age on the treatment duration and proposed “impacted incisor severity score” of impacted maxillary incisor: A retrospective study by Umer Mukhtar, Manoj kumar Jaiswal, Rigzen Tamchos, Ashima Goyal, Satinder Pal Singh, Aditi Kapur

“…Patients who reported at 11–15 years of age were significantly more as compared to <11years (p = 0.014). Among the various etiological factors, physical obstruction or inadequate space was found to be most common. …”
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Novel Antibiotic Combinations of Diverse Subclasses for Effective Suppression of Extensively Drug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by Shumyila Nasir, Muhammad Sufyan Vohra, Danish Gul, Umm E Swaiba, Maira Aleem, Khalid Mehmood, Saadia Andleeb

“…The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the chief etiological agent for a range of refractory infections, has rendered all β-lactams ineffective against it. …”
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Role of acute respiratory diseases in pathogenesis of distal limb infections in cattle by A. D. Alekseev, O. G. Petrova, M. I. Barashkin, I. M. Milshtein, V. D. Moskvin

“…However, errors in feeding are not the only etiological factor leading to acidosis. In some cases, metabolic acidosis in cattle can develop along with respiratory infection caused by viral and bacterial agents. …”
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella Species Associated with Acute Diarrhea in Tehran, Iran by Fereshteh Jafari, Mohammad Hamidian, Maryam Rezadehbashi, Michael Doyle, Siavosh Salmanzadeh-ahrabi, Faramarz Derakhshan, Mohammad Reza Zali

“…Between May 2003 and May 2005, 1120 diarrheal specimens were collected and assayed for bacterial enteropathogens by conventional and molecular methods. Etiological agents were isolated from 564 (50.3%) specimens, and included 305 (54%) E coli, 157 (27.8%) Shigella species, and 102 (18%) from other genera of bacteria. …”
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Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to describe the microbial characteristics of diabetic foot ulcers at a tertiary medical center in South China by Hongteng Xie, Zhaohong Chen, Guohua Wu, Pei Wei, Teng Gong, Shun Chen, Zhaorong Xu

“…Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been a useful supplement to routine culture method for the etiological diagnosis of DFUs. In this study, we utilized a routine culture method and mNGS to analyze the same DFU wound samples and the results were compared. …”
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: comparative assessment of diagnostic and treatment approaches in the Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China by M. Ch. Semenistaya, Fan Jian-Gao, O. B. Velichenko, Ye. A. Kuznetsova, Ch. S. Pavlov

“…The study is carried on by Chinese physicians have demonstrated efficacy of the drug for treatment of chronic liver diseases of various etiology, along with its antiinflammatory and antifibrotic properties. …”
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Shared Medical and Environmental Risk Factors in Dry Eye Syndrome, Sjogren’s Syndrome, and B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case-Control Study by Hadas Ben-Eli, Doron J. Aframian, Eldad Ben-Chetrit, Dror Mevorach, Geffen Kleinstern, Ora Paltiel, Abraham Solomon

“…Shared risk factors for all three conditions indicate possible mutual etiological pathways.…”
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in an Italian Cohort of Type 1 Diabetes Pediatric Patients by Maria Luisa Manca Bitti, Speranza Masala, Francesca Capasso, Novella Rapini, Simona Piccinini, Federica Angelini, Andrea Pierantozzi, Roberta Lidano, Silvia Pietrosanti, Daniela Paccagnini, Leonardo A. Sechi

“…Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of Johne’s disease in ruminants. Recent studies have linked MAP to type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the Sardinian population. …”
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Complex and severe infection in a 67-year-old liver transplant recipient due to Cunninghamella elegans, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Pneumocystis jirovecii by Muyun Wei, Kangyi Gu, Juanxiu Qin, Xinhua Lu, Junqi Feng, Shaowei Mao, Min Li, Zhilan Li, Changsheng Wang

“…Also, the case indicates that traditional methods are insufficient for the etiological diagnosis needs of critical and severe patient populations, and timely use of mNGS should be recommended.…”
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