A Novel Cause of Bowel Obstruction in a Patient with Long-Standing Crohn’s Disease by Satya V. Vedula, T. Paul Nickerson, Douglas J. Grider

“…This illustrates that while fibrosing strictures are usually the etiology of bowel obstruction in the setting of Crohn’s disease, other rare possible causes should be considered.…”
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Oral lichen planus involving the palate: Case report and review of literature by Shahen Ali Ahmed, Ali Fakhree Alzubaidee

“…Women are most often affected and lichen planus is usually reported in individuals over 50 years of age The etiology of lichen planus is unknown at present and the disorder has been classified as a chronic disease of immune-mediated pathogenesis. …”
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Familial Bell’s Palsy: A Case Report and Literature Review by Mark Kubik, Liliana Robles, Doris Kung

“…The patient underwent multiple CSF investigations to rule out a possible infectious and rheumatologic etiology that were all negative. Further questioning revealed she was one of seven family members with a history of unilateral facial nerve paralysis. …”
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An Immunomodulatory Device Improves Insulin Resistance in Obese Porcine Model of Metabolic Syndrome by Angela J. Westover, Kimberly A. Johnston, Deborah A. Buffington, H. David Humes

“…Obesity is associated with tissue inflammation which is a crucial etiology of insulin resistance. This inflammation centers around circulating monocytes which form proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATM). …”
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Popliteal Artery Entrapment or Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome? by Christopher Gaunder, Brandon McKinney, Jessica Rivera

“…Diagnosis of lower limb pain in an athlete can be a challenging task due to the variety of potential etiologies and ambiguity of presenting symptoms. Five of the most commonly encountered causes of limb pain in athletes are chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS), medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), tibial stress fractures, soleal sling syndrome, and popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES). …”
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Multiple Sclerosis Presenting with Facial Twitching (Myokymia and Hemifacial Spasms) by Risha Hertz, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna, Doug Stranges

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The etiology is insufficiently understood. Autoimmune, genetic, viral, and environmental factors have been hypothesized. …”
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A Case of Chronic Calcific Nonalcoholic Pancreatitis by Aaron Kangas-Dick, Umair Khan, Oluwafunbi Awoniyi, Shanza Waqar, Nu Nwe Tun, Karthikeyan Viswanathan, Cynthia Wong

“…Epidemiologic studies have shown that these patients have an increased risk of developing pancreatic carcinoma. The etiology of TCP remains uncertain, with the current consensus suggesting genetics as well as possible toxicity from consuming large amounts of cassava, a tuber. …”
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Liver Function-Related Indicators and Risk of Gallstone Diseases—A Multicenter Study and a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Shiyi Li, Pei Zhu, Fangyuan Chen, Wenqian Yu, Linjun Xie, Jing Xia, Peng Jiao, Ping Cui, Chi Zhang, Ye Bai, Guoheng Jiang, Hongyu Li, Yanmei Lou, Guangcan Li, Xuefeng Shan, Xin Wang

“…The results may provide the basis for exploring the etiology of GSD and may help clinicians identify high-risk subjects.…”
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Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis by Sandeep M Patel, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Jordan P Reynolds, Michael J Krowka

“…Previous case studies have found that the acquired form can be secondary to various autoimmune, infectious, malignant and environmental etiologies. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of PAP demonstrate that the idiopathic form is due to antigranulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor antibodies. …”
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Periconceptional Folate Deficiency and Implications in Neural Tube Defects by J. Safi, L. Joyeux, G. E. Chalouhi

“…Nutritional deficiencies are preventable etiological and epigenetic factors causing congenital abnormalities, first cause of infant mortality. …”
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Life-Threatening Adenovirus Infections in the Setting of the Immunocompromised Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Patients by Cedar J. Fowler, Jennifer Dunlap, Darcy Troyer, Peter Stenzel, Elliot Epner, Richard T. Maziarz

“…A single institution case series of adenovirus infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is presented to highlight the consideration for adenovirus infections as an etiology in patients with rapid hepatic or other sudden organ deterioration in the setting of apparent GVHD stabilization. …”
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Exacerbation of Congenital Hydronephrosis as the First Presentation of COVID-19 Infection in Children by Masoumeh Mohkam, Mahnaz Jamee, Farshid Kompani, Mitra Khalili, Atena Seifi, Leily Mohajerzadeh

“…Based on the clinical and imaging findings, no plausible etiologies for these exacerbation episodes, including infection, nephrolithiasis, or abdominal masses, could be postulated. …”
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Reidel’s Thyroiditis, a Diagnostic and Management Challenge: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Yassine Er-Rahali, Mohammed Massine El Hammoumi, Jad Issouani, Colna Antonio Nfad, Souad El Moussaoui, El Hassane Kabiri, Ahmed Anass Guerboub

“…It may also be associated with different forms of systemic fibrotic disorders. The exact etiology is unknown, but currently, the most favorable opinion is that it is a localized form of the systemic fibrotic process. …”
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Diagnostics and treatment of chronic constipation in adults: clinical guidelines of the Russian gastroenterological association by V. T. Ivashkin, I. V. Mayev, A. A. Sheptulin, A. S. Trukhmanov, Ye. A. Poluektova, Ye. K. Baranskaya, O. S. Shifrin, T. L. Lapina, M. F. Osipenko, V. I. Simanenkov, I. B. Khlynov

“…To present the modern concept on etiology and pathogenesis of constipation, its classification, basic diagnostic and treatment methods to general practitioners. …”
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A Case of Myomatous Erythrocytosis Syndrome Associated with a Large Uterine Leiomyoma by Yosuke Ono, Takao Hidaka, Kaori Fukuta, Keiko Kouchi, Kuniaki Yasoshima, Kiyoshi Takagawa, Takashi Arai

“…Several etiologies have been proposed for erythrocytosis associated with uterine leiomyoma. …”
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Gastric Duplication: A Rare Cause of Recurrent Vomiting by Brahmananda Koduri, Katie McHale, Christina Yost, Michael H. Goodman, Dennis Hoelzer

“…Vomiting is a physical finding that can occur at any age but presents the greatest challenge when it is recurrent in a child. The etiology is varied (Sieunarine and Manmohansingh, 1989; Suzuki, 1982), and recurrent vomiting can be a symptom of life threatening medical or surgical emergencies. …”
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Endometriosis Gene Expression Heterogeneity and Biosignature: A Phylogenetic Analysis by Mones Abu-Asab, Ming Zhang, Dennis Amini, Nihad Abu-Asab, Hakima Amri

“…Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease with poorly understood etiology, and reflecting an evolutionary nature where genetic alterations accumulate throughout pathogenesis. …”
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Role of CFT and PCR in diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci in experimentally infected rabbits by V. V. Evstifeev, F. M. Khusainov, S. I. Yakovlev, R. I. Shangaraev, V. I. Eremets

“…However, when pathological materials from theurogenital tractof theexperimentalanimals weretestedin polymerase chain reaction andin smear microscopy, it was impossibletoconfirm that thereisan etiological linkbetween сhlamydiaandkindlingproblems in experimental animals. …”
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Adult-Onset Woakes’ Syndrome: Report of a Rare Case by U. Schoenenberger, A. J. Tasman

“…Having been described over 130 years ago, the etiology of Woakes’ syndrome remains poorly understood. …”
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Cardiac Myxoma Presenting as Dyspnea after Cesarean Delivery by Allison Wyman, William Hurd, Justin Lappen

“…The differential diagnosis is broad and can represent a wide variety of underlying etiologies. Cardiac tumors are one of the rarest causes of dyspnea in a reproductive age women during the postpartum period. …”
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