The Association Between Platelet Indices and Clinical Parameters in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by Sümeyra Nergiz Avcıoğlu, Sündüz Özlem Altınkaya, Mert Küçük, Selda Demircan Sezer, Hasan Yüksel

“… OBJECTIVE: Etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is variable. …”
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Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus following improved medication compliance: a case report by Eugene Annor, Ishita Bhattacharya, Mary Bass, Emily M. Horvath

“…Evaluation revealed nephrogenic diabetes insipidus as the primary etiology, likely exacerbated by recent changes in medication adherence. …”
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Digging deeper into necrotizing enterocolitis: bridging clinical, microbial, and molecular perspectives by Deshuang Zhang, Dongke Xie, Yi Qu, Dezhi Mu, Shaopu Wang

“…This academic review aims to enhance the etiological comprehension of NEC, promote the development of targeted therapeutic interventions, and impart the significant impact of perinatal factors on the formulation of preventive and curative strategies for the disease.…”
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The Relationship between Frequently Used Glucose-Lowering Agents and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by You Lv, Xue Zhao, Weiying Guo, Ying Gao, Shuo Yang, Zhuo Li, Guixia Wang

“…Metabolic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus, have become global health issues. The etiology of diabetes mellitus can be attributed to genetic and/or environmental factors. …”
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Mandibular Osteitis Leading to the Diagnosis of SAPHO Syndrome by Tomohiro Kikuchi, Hiroyuki Fujii, Akifumi Fujita, Tomoko Sugiyama, Hideharu Sugimoto

“…We should consider SAPHO syndrome when we encounter a patient with mandibular osteitis of unknown etiology.…”
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ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Presenting as Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Potentially Fatal Presentation by Uroosa Ibrahim, Amina Saqib, Maryam Rehan, Jean Paul Atallah

“…Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disorder that can be familial in etiology or a result of infections, malignancy, and autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. …”
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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Association with Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma by Aneesh Basheer, Somanath Padhi, Ramesh Nagarajan, Vinoth Boopathy, Sudhagar Mookkappan, Nayyar Iqbal

“…We do suggest that HLH may pose diagnostic challenges in the evaluation of an underlying lymphoma and hence warrants proper evaluation for the underlying etiologies and/or triggering factors.…”
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Composite paraganglioma-ganglioneuroma with atypical catecholamine profile and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase expression: a case report and literature review by Yuriko Sasaki, Maki Kanzawa, Masaaki Yamamoto, Keitaro Kanie, Hironori Bando, Kei Yoshino, Yushi Hirota, Katsumi Shigemura, Masato Fujisawa, Wataru Ogawa, Hidenori Fukuoka

“…We also discuss various aspects of the etiology of composite paragangliomas and the mechanism by which PNMT is expressed in tumors.…”
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A Case of Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Causing Mitral Valve Papillary Muscle Rupture by Tiffany Tamse, Avind Rampersad, Alejandro Jordan-Villegas, Jill Ireland

“…Pathology of the valve showed eosinophilic infiltration as the underlying etiology. The patient was diagnosed with IHES after the exclusion of infectious, rheumatologic, and oncologic causes. …”
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Unusual syphilis manifestation: From breast implant rupture to systemic erythroderma by Vivien Moris, Eliott Laine, Sahal Khan, Leslie Ann See

“…This case highlights the importance of considering infectious etiologies, such as syphilis, even in patients with atypical clinical presentations, including those involving breast implants and skin conditions. …”
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Therapeutic Approaches for Peripheral and Central Neuropathic Pain by Délia Szok, János Tajti, Aliz Nyári, László Vécsei

“…It is a devastating condition, which affects around 7% of the general population. Numerous etiological factors contribute to the development of chronic neuropathic pain. …”
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A Rare Case of Malignant Tumor of the Larynx with Good Prognosis: Laryngeal Chondrosarcoma by Abderrahim Elktaibi, Issam Rharrassi, Nabil Hammoune, Youssef Darouassi, Mohammed Amine Hanine, Haddou Ammar

“…Laryngeal chondrosarcomas remain a rare disease of unknown etiology, with slow and insidious symptoms. The treatment is surgical, given the importance of preserving the larynx to patients’ quality of life. …”
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Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcoma: A Case with Unique and Impressive Computed Tomography Findings by Jaspreet S Kambo, Bonnie Richardson, Diana N Ionescu, Tracy Tucker, Greg Kraushaar

“…Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is a rare malignancy. Its etiology, imaging features and optimal treatment are not well understood. …”
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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea: state-of-the-art by D. V. Piliev, S. I. Achkasov, T. K. Korneva, O. I. Sushkov

“…Its extreme and most severe manifestation is pseudomembranous colitis, caused by toxin-producing Clostridium difficile strains. This etiological agent in modern world has got significant association with hospitals and assisted-care facilities, therefore it can spread in out-patient conditions as well at the present time. …”
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An Uncommon Case of Plasma Cell Mucositis of the Tongue in a Young Man by Alessandro Antonelli, Fiorella Averta, Federica Diodati, Danila Muraca, Ylenia Brancaccio, Chiara Mignogna, Amerigo Giudice

“…It is a rare disease, and its etiology is not yet known with variable clinical features. …”
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A Rare Case of Paraneoplastic Aortitis Associated with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia by Sylwia Sasinowska, Pamela Traisak, Michael McCormack, Hala Eid

“…The most common causes of aortitis are the large-vessel vasculitides giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Other etiologies include aortitis associated with other autoimmune disorders, infectious causes, and paraneoplastic and idiopathic cases. …”
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Prevalence and Possible Role of Candida Species in Patients with Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Aldona Pietrzak, Ewelina Grywalska, Mateusz Socha, Jacek Roliński, Kinga Franciszkiewicz-Pietrzak, Lidia Rudnicka, Marcin Rudzki, Dorota Krasowska

“…We searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and http://clinicaltrials.gov) to identify studies involving subjects of any age with an established diagnosis of psoriasis and healthy controls, who were tested for carriage of Candida spp. on the skin or mucosal membranes (or saliva and stool), or presented with clinical candidiasis with microbiologically confirmed etiology. We identified nine cross-sectional studies including a total of 1038 subjects with psoriasis (psoriatics) and 669 controls. …”
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Mass deaths of saiga antelopes by A. V. Mischenko, V. A. Mischenko, A. K. Karaulov, A. V. Potekhin, A. P. Mezhnev

“…It was demonstrated that the data on saiga antelope disease etiology are contradictory: pasteurellosis (bovine haemorrhagic septicemia), anaerobic enterotoxemia, ruminai tympany, tryptophan-induced bovine atypical interstitial pneumonia and unknown virus. …”
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Facial Swelling as a Primary Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma by Anju E. Thomas, Seema Kurup, Renju Jose, Cristalle Soman

“…Facial swellings are commonly encountered in the dental office, the cause of which could range from a congenital etiology to an acquired one or it may even be a manifestation of an underlying systemic disease. …”
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CD154: An Immunoinflammatory Mediator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis by Nada Alaaeddine, Ghada S. Hassan, Daniel Yacoub, Walid Mourad

“…Systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis are two major chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases with significant prevalence rates among the population. Although the etiology of these diseases remains unresolved, several evidences support the key role of CD154/CD40 interactions in initiating and/or propagating these diseases. …”
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