Immunopathological Roles of Cytokines, Chemokines, Signaling Molecules, and Pattern-Recognition Receptors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Shui-Lian Yu, Woon-Pang Kuan, Chun-Kwok Wong, Edmund K. Li, Lai-Shan Tam

“…Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology affecting more than one million individuals each year. …”
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A metapopulation model for sylvatic T. cruzi transmission with vector migration by Britnee Crawford, Christopher Kribs-Zaleta

“…This study presents a metapopulation model for the sylvatic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, across multiple geographical regions and multiple overlapping host-vector transmission cycles.Classical qualitative analysis of the model and several submodels focuses on the parasite's basic reproductive number, illustrating how vector migration across patches and multiple transmission routes to hosts (including vertical transmission) determine the infection's persistence in each cycle.Numerical results focus on trends in endemic [equilibrium] persistence levels as functions of vector migration rates, and highlight the significance of the different epidemiological characteristics of transmission in each of the three regions.…”
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Falsely Elevated 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Hypercalcemia by Moon Kyung Choi, Prapaipan Putthapiban, Patamaporn Lekprasert

“…Though it is important to collect detailed history to find clinical clues connecting to the etiology of hypercalcemia, the diagnostic workup of hypercalcemia depends heavily on laboratory analysis. …”
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“The Clock Is Ticking”: The Timely Management of a Painful Skin Rash in a Seventy-Year-Old Woman by Susan Thomas, Folashade Omole, Vijaykumar G. Patel, Michelle L. Nichols

“…Most patients have pre-existing conditions that render them susceptible to infection, although etiology is unclear. Diagnosis is primarily clinical and is often delayed because of the unfamiliarity of the condition among clinicians. …”
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Ectopia Cordis as a Lethal Neonatal Condition: A Case Report from Bahrain and a Literature Review by Shereen M. Mohamed, Hasan M. Isa, Amarjit K. Sandhu

“…It results from failure of maturation of midline mesoderm and ventral body formation during embryogenic formation. The exact etiology remains unknown. The literature review reveals the prognosis for infants with ectopia cordis is very poor. …”
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Renal Failure in Pregnancy: Case Reports and Review of the Literature by Yetkin Karasu, Berna Dilbaz, Kahraman Ülker

“…In addition to any of the etiological factors that may result in ARF in non-pregnant women, pregnancy also increases the vulnerability of some special diseases that may result with the renal injury. …”
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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Lyme Carditis—A Case Series and Review of Literature by Matthew Kaczynski, Suhani Desai, Brian Osorio, Edward Hulten, Saurabh Agarwal, Michael K. Atalay, Yash Patel

“…While cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the standard imaging modality for diagnosing various etiologies of cardiomyopathy, its application in Lyme carditis remains understudied. …”
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Oto-tricho-tussia: An Unexpected Cause of Cough by Rebecca A. Castro, Craig H. Zalvan, Craig Berzofsky

“…Chronic cough is a frequently encountered condition with multiple etiologies. In patients with neurogenic chronic cough, peripheral laryngopharyngeal hypersensitivity of the vagus nerve stimulates the cough reflex. …”
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Abdominopelvic Mass Revealing Tuberculosis in a Young Woman by Hicham ELmajdoubi, Mariam EL Yahiyaoui, Marouane Baiss, Mohamed Bouzroud, El Mehdi Aboulfeth, Mohammed Najih, Sidi Mohamed Bouchentouf, Hakim ELkaoui, Ahmed Bounaim

“…Radiological explorations remain sensitive in the detection of abdominal masses but they cannot prejudge their etiology. Surgical exploration is sometimes the only recourse either for diagnostic purposes or complications, and the diagnosis can only be confirmed by bacteriological and histological examinations of the surgical specimen. …”
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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: A rare manifestation of expanded dengue syndrome by Jaspreet Kaur, Jasmine Singh, Yuvraj Singh Cheema

“…Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a very unusual and rarely reported cause. The etiology of the acute abdomen along with nonresolving fever in dengue infection should be carefully diagnosed and managed accordingly. …”
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Pycnodysostosis with Special Emphasis on Dentofacial Characteristics by Aisha Khoja, Mubassar Fida, Attiya Shaikh

“…The aim of this case report is to give an insight into the etiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis of this disorder and to prepare the dentists and maxillofacial surgeons to overcome the challenges in treating these patients.…”
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Adult Onset Still’s Disease: A Case Report with a Rare Clinical Manifestation and Pathophysiological Correlations by Katerina M. Antoniou, George A. Margaritopoulos, Ioannis Giannarakis, Christianna Choulaki, Nikos Fountoulakis, Nikos M. Siafakas, Prodromos Sidiropoulos

“…Adult-onset Still’s disease is an inflammatory multisystemic disease of unknown etiology. Pleuritis is the most common pulmonary manifestation and pleural effusions are usually exudates with a predominance of neutrophils. …”
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Identification of Levothyroxine Antichagasic Activity through Computer-Aided Drug Repurposing by Carolina L. Bellera, Darío E. Balcazar, Lucas Alberca, Carlos A. Labriola, Alan Talevi, Carolina Carrillo

“…Cruzipain (Cz) is the major cysteine protease of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease. A conformation-independent classifier capable of identifying Cz inhibitors was derived from a 163-compound dataset and later applied in a virtual screening campaign on the DrugBank database, which compiles FDA-approved and investigational drugs. 54 approved drugs were selected as candidates, 3 of which were acquired and tested on Cz and T. cruzi epimastigotes proliferation. …”
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Onychomycosis due to Cunninghamella bertholletiae in an Immunocompetent Male from Central India by Karuna Tadepalli, Pradeep Kumar Gupta, Dinesh P. Asati, Debasis Biswas

“…We report a case of onychomycosis in a young immunocompetent male who presented onycholysis of a solitary nail without inflammation. The etiological agent was diagnosed to be Cunninghamella bertholletiae, a fungus pertaining to the order Mucorales (subdivision Mucoromycotina) and known for some of the invasive lesions among immunocompromised patients. …”
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A Case of Metastatic CNS Melanoma of Unknown Primary Presenting with Seizures by Viva Nguyen, Samar Aboulenain, Shawn Mohammed, Sahyli Perez Parra

“…The goal of evaluating a seizure is to identify the etiology and to determine the likelihood of recurrence as well as guide management. …”
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Melphalan Culprit or Confounder in Acute Encephalopathy during Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation? by Diógenes Alayón-Laguer, Melissa Alsina, Jose L. Ochoa-Bayona, Ernesto Ayala

“…We report a case of a female patient with Durie-Salmon stage 3A/ISS stage I IgG kappa multiple myeloma (MM) who developed encephalopathy after high-dose melphalan and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The most common etiologies for encephalopathy such as infection, narcotic medications, metabolic-electrolyte disturbance, stroke, and central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhages were ruled out. …”
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Delineating Novel Signature Patterns of Altered Gene Expression in Schizophrenia Using Gene Microarrays by Karoly Mirnics, Frank A. Middleton, David A. Lewis, Pat Levitt

“…This disorder typically has its clinical onset in late adolescence or early adulthood, presenting as a constellation of delusions and hallucinations (positive symptoms); decreased motivation, emotional expression, and social interactions (negative symptoms); and impaired learning and memory (cognitive symptoms). The etiology of schizophrenia is unknown, but appears to be multifaceted, with genetic and epigenetic developmental factors all implicated. …”
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Popliteal artery aneurysm is a cause that should not be forgotten in acute limb ischemia by Deniz Sarp Beyazpinar, Mehmet Emir Erol

“…While PAA is considered one of the rare causes of ALI, it should be kept in mind as one of the etiological factors in patients presenting with ALI. …”
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Factors associated with early-onset androgenetic alopecia: A scoping review. by Li-Ping Liu, Mary Adumo Wariboko, Xiao Hu, Zi-Han Wang, Qian Wu, Yu-Mei Li

“…This scoping review aims to explore the risk factors and etiology, associated conditions, and adverse effects on wellbeing in early-onset AGA.…”
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Opioid Prescription Patterns for Discharged Patients from the Emergency Department by Justin Yanuck, Jonathan B. Lee, Soheil Saadat, Jila Rouhi, Ghadi Ghanem, Bharath Chakravarthy, Shalini Shah

“…It is important to analyze the types of etiologies and provider demographics that drive opioid prescription in our emergency departments. …”
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