Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus Complicating Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis in a Child by Filippo Greco, Maria Donatella Cocuzza, Pierluigi Smilari, Giovanni Sorge, Lorenzo Pavone

“…Pediatric NCSE is a heterogeneous clinical entity with poor outcome and different etiologies, including central nervous system infection, stroke, toxic-metabolic syndrome, and epileptic syndrome. …”
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Pleural Empyema due to Group D Salmonella by Jennifer C. Kam, Sami Abdul-Jawad, Chintan Modi, Yazan Abdeen, Fady Asslo, Vikram Doraiswamy, Joseph R. DePasquale, Robert S. Spira, Walid Baddoura, Richard A. Miller

“…This case helps to support the inclusion of Salmonella group D as a possible etiological agent of infection in the differential causes of exudative pleural effusions.…”
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Idiopathic, Serial Coronary Vessels Dissection in a Young Woman with Psychological Stress: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Alessio Arrivi, Caterina Milici, Carlo Bock, Attilio Placanica, Enrico Boschetti, Marcello Dominici

“…Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a very rare disease, associated with high mortality rate, whose etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Its sporadic nature and the varied angiographic extent make firm recommendations regarding revascularization impossible. …”
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A Case of Acquired Hemophilia A in a Patient with Exposure to COVID-19 by Jorge D. Guerra, Jasmine Gowarty, Jordan Buess, James Mason, Kathleen Halka

“…Failure to recognize AHA as a possible etiology of hemorrhage can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment. …”
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Pancreatopleural fistula: A rare cause of recurrent pleural effusion by Zehra Dhanani, Stephen Dachert

“…This case underscores the importance of considering uncommon etiologies in pleural effusions and highlights the significance of high pleural fluid amylase levels in diagnosing pancreatopleural fistulas.…”
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A Tic-ing Time Bomb: Case Report of a Unique Presentation of Sudden-onset Tics by Arino Neto, Vanessa Perez, Kim Manwaring, Lauren Averill, Victoria Wurster Ovalle

“…Conclusion: When evaluating a patient with tics, an atypical history or abnormal physical exam findings should raise suspicion for possible secondary etiologies, including arteriovenous malformation and stroke.…”
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From Rarity to Recognition: Infantile Botulism and the Broad Spectrum of Differential Diagnoses by Matthew C. Authement, Brandon M. Jones, Robert J. Kahoud, Elizabeth H. Ristagno

“…The differential for an ill-appearing infant should always include infectious etiologies and may include metabolic disorders, congenital anomalies, nonaccidental trauma, neurologic disorders, and endocrine disorders. …”
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Adult-onset Still's disease: A great masquerader triggered by hepatitis A infection by Jhasaketan Meher, Keshao B Nagpure, Md Sabah Siddiqui, A M Vishnu Dev

“…Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The varied clinical presentation of the disease mimicking many other diseases makes it difficult to diagnose. …”
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An Unusual Case of Cheiralgia Paresthetica Caused by Lipoma by Tomas Mačiulaitis, Aira Jucaityte, Mindaugas Minderis

“…Existing literature highlight various etiological factors contributing to this condition, including constriction of the wrist, as with tight wristwatches or handcuffs. …”
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Syntomatic Tarlov Cyst. Case presentation by Jorge Luis Castillo López, María E. Jerves Crespo, Victoria E. Solís Espín, Juan C. Vargas Parra

“…It is an infrequent disease. Although its etiology is uncertain different theories have been postulated since its discovery. …”
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Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: Multiple Congenital Joint Contractures by Hamza Sucuoglu, Nurettin Irem Ornek, Cagkan Caglar

“…Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a syndrome characterized by nonprogressive multiple congenital joint contractures. The etiology of disease is multifactorial; it is most commonly suspected from absent fetal movements and genetic defects. …”
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Transmigration of Mandibular Canine: Report of Four Cases and Review of Literature by Gaurav Sharma, Archna Nagpal

“…We report 4 cases of transmigration of mandibular canine and review the literature regarding the etiology and treatment. Panoramic radiograph should be taken during the mixed dentition period if the mandibular canine has not erupted from more than one year from its normal chronological age of eruption as intraoral periapical radiograph examination will not always detect an impacted or transmigrated canine.…”
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A Rare Association: Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia with Liver Cirrhosis Causing Portal Hypertension by Denisse Morales-Tovar, Froylan D. Martínez-Sánchez, Alejandro Gabutti-Thomas, Rodolfo Rivera-Martínez, Jacqueline Córdova-Gallardo

“…Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome, is a vascular disorder of autosomal dominant etiology. The hallmark clinical feature is the presence of recurrent episodes of epistaxis in patients with vascular malformations and a tendency to bleed. …”
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A Congenital Anterior Urethrocutaneous Fistula in a Boy Whose Mother Was Exposed to Ionizing Radiations: Case Report and Literature Review by C. Spinelli, V. Pucci, C. Menchini, I. Buti, L. Fregoli, R. Spisni, A. Mogorovich

“…We report a review of the literature about etiology and surgical strategy including the role of ionizing radiations. …”
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Severe Hyperbilirubinemia: A Rare Complication of Lyme Disease by Maarij Baig, Lin Zheng, Alka Farmer

“…Here we report a case of severe hyperbilirubinemia as the presenting symptom of Lyme disease. Other plausible etiologies have been ruled out after extensive workups, including liver biopsy. …”
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Bilateral Killian-Jamieson Diverticula: A Case Report and Literature Review by René D Boisvert, Drew CG Bethune, David Acton, Denis R Klassen

“…A literature review and discussion of the etiology, clinical presentation and radiographic findings of Killian-Jamieson diverticulum follow, as do recommendations for clinical management.…”
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Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia following Multicentric Castleman Disease by Feng Li, Xiaomei Zhang, Yanting Guo, Yuandong Zhu, Yicun Wu, Yun Ling

“…Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a rare nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disorder presenting systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats, fatigue, anemia, effusions, and multifocal lymphadenopathy. The etiology of MCD has not been clarified to date. The coexistence of MCD with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) has been rarely reported. …”
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Different types of control over epidemic processes of pasteurellosis and haemorrhagic septicemia by S. I. Dzhupina

“…It was shown that different serological variants of Pasteurella multocida bacteria accomplish a function of an etiological factor of pasteurellosis and haemorrhagic septicemia. …”
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A Fatal Case of Nafcillin-Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Case Report and the Literature Review by Mian Bilal Alam, Amin Kadoura, Magesh Sathaiah

“…Drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH) is quite common, and there are several recommendations for its treatment based upon its etiology. DIH may range from mild and subclinical to fulminant liver failure and death. …”
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Idiopathic Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis: Unusual Presentation and Difficult Management by Ouidad Louachama, Noureddine Rada, Ghizlane Draiss, Mohamed Bouskraoui

“…The management was mainly symptomatic, based on motor physiotherapy with additional management in neurosurgery. Various etiologies can cause this disease, remain rare in pediatrics, and the idiopathic form is predominant in children.…”
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