Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis Successfully Treated with Topical Vitamin A Derivative by Manal Alsulami, Bader Alharbi, Yaser Alotaibi, Fadi Alghamdi, Adel Alsantali

“…Clinical characteristics include hyperkeratotic papules that coalesce centrally with a reticulated pattern peripherally on the central and upper trunk, neck, and axilla. Its etiology is not precisely known, and disordered keratinization has been postulated as one of the etiologies. …”
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Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: Epidemiology, Risk factors, Pathophysiology, Differential diagnosis, and Treatment Options by Andrew Han, Carver Montgomery, Alexandra Zamora, Emilie Winder, Adam D. Kaye, Caroline Carroll, Alfonso Aquino, Juyeon Kakazu, Alan D. Kaye

“… # Recent Findings An in-depth analysis of the recent literature indicates that glossopharyngeal neuralgia is not only rare but its etiology and pathophysiology are complex and are often secondary to other disease processes. …”
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Complex application of mathematical methods in diagnostics of diffuse liver diseases by I. Yu. Pirogova, S. A. Pyshkin, A. A. Bolotov

“…The standard of diffuse liver disease (DLD) diagnostics, allowing to determine etiology, stage of liver fibrosis (LF), histological activity index (HAI) is the liver biopsy (LB). …”
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Drug Treatment of Patients with Liver Cirrhosis in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Ghana: Does It Comply with Recommended Guidelines? by Baba Sulemana Mohammed, Matthew Aidoo

“…A total of 152 liver cirrhotic patients were included in this study. Common etiologies for liver cirrhosis were chronic hepatitis B 80 (52.6%) and chronic hepatitis C 30 (19.7%); about 12.5% of etiologies were unknown. …”
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Rapid Onset Severe Immune Thrombocytopenia following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in a Young Patient by Jorge Avila, Huseyin Berk Degirmenci, Pamela Contreras Chavez, Elisabeth M. Battinelli, Jorge Fleisher

“…Commonly encountered differentials including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and common viral etiologies were ruled out, and other causes such as drug reactions deemed unlikely as the etiology of this presentation after a broad workup. …”
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Febrile Seizures and Febrile Seizure Syndromes: An Updated Overview of Old and Current Knowledge by Abdulhafeez M. Khair, Dalal Elmagrabi

“…They are a major cause of emergency facility visits and a source of family distress and anxiety. Their etiology and pathophysiological pathways are being understood better over time; however, there is still more to learn. …”
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African swine fever: one hundred years later by V. V. Makarov

“…The infection fundamentals have been established and described – the etiological, immunological  and nosological uniqueness  of the infection, fatal susceptibility of domestic  pigs, clinical sings and pathomorphology,  viral etiology, natural reservoir and source of the infection, survival of the virus outside the body, many specific epizootological aspects. …”
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Fecal microbiota changes associated with pathogenic and non-pathogenic diarrheas in foals by Yijun Shi, Elizabeth A. Maga, Michael J. Mienaltowski

“…While there are several forms of foal diarrhea, the etiologies can be considered known pathogenic or non-pathogenic in nature. …”
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11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2 in Preeclampsia by Katarzyna Kosicka, Anna Siemiątkowska, Franciszek K. Główka

“…Although preeclampsia is a subject of many research projects, the etiology of the condition remains unclear. One of the hypotheses related to the etiology of preeclampsia is the deficiency in placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2), the enzyme which in normal pregnancy protects the fetus from the excess of maternal cortisol. …”
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A single-center cross-sectional study on the clinical profile of pancytopenia and a novel scoring system for megaloblastic anemia by Sanjaykumar Somsingbhai Rathwa, Darshankumar Manubhai Raval, Shashwat Mallik, Shahin Khan

“…A scoring system is also described to distinguish cobalamin deficiency from other etiologies of pancytopenia. Results: MGA due to cobalamin deficiency was the leading cause of pancytopenia. …”
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Probable Hydrochlorothiazide-Induced Myopericarditis: First Case Reported by Toufik Mahfood Haddad, Muhammad Sarfraz Nawaz, Ahmed S. Abuzaid, Smrithy Upadhyay, Pallavi Bellamkonda, Aryan N. Mooss

“…We hypothesize that this myopericarditis could be due to HCTZ allergic reaction after all other common etiologies have been ruled out. There is a scarcity of the literature regarding HCTZ as an etiology for pericardial disease, with only one case reported as presumed hydrochlorothiazide-induced pericardial effusion. …”
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A Rare Side Effect due to TNF-Alpha Blocking Agent: Acute Pleuropericarditis with Adalimumab by Hakan Ozkan, Ahmet Seckin Cetinkaya, Tekin Yildiz, Tahsin Bozat

“…Patient was successfully evaluated for the etiology of acute pleuro-pericarditis. Every etiology was excluded except the usage of adalimumab. …”
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Fatal Basilar Thrombosis Possibly Related to Minor Cervical Trauma: A Case Report by Elmaz Shaqiri, Gentian Vyshka, Admir Sinamati, Besim Ymaj, Zija Ismaili

“…Basilar thrombosis is a potentially fatal event, whose traumatic etiology has been repeatedly stated. Methods. We performed the autopsy and the microscopic examination of the brain stem structures from an individual, whose sudden death raised logical suspicions regarding the causative factor. …”
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Assessment of Hair Aluminum, Lead, and Mercury in a Sample of Autistic Egyptian Children: Environmental Risk Factors of Heavy Metals in Autism by Farida El Baz Mohamed, Eman Ahmed Zaky, Adel Bassuoni El-Sayed, Reham Mohammed Elhossieny, Sally Soliman Zahra, Waleed Salah Eldin, Walaa Yousef Youssef, Rania Abdelmgeed Khaled, Azza Mohamed Youssef

“…Background and Aims. The etiological factors involved in the etiology of autism remain elusive and controversial, but both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. …”
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Chronic Inflammatory Arthropathy Preceding Acute Systemic Manifestations of Sarcoidosis: A Possible Overlap of Idiopathic Juvenile Arthritis and Sarcoidosis by Matheus Campello Vieira, Priscilla Gomes Tosta, Fernanda Morello Nicole, Lucas Enock V. Roberto, Júlia Guasti P. Vianna, Paulo de Coelho Castro, Rafael Burgomeister Lourenço, Erica Vieira Serrano, Valéria Valim, Weverton Machado Luchi

“…Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease with unknown etiology, marked by T lymphocytes and macrophages agglomeration, which leads to the formation of noncaseating granulomas in the affected tissues. …”
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Bilaterally Symmetrical Lower Extremity Compartment Syndrome following Massive Transfusion by Gulsah Karaoren, Nurten Bakan, Senay Goksu Tomruk, Zelin Topaç, Tuhan Kurtulmuş, Saime Irkören

“…In literature, 8 cases have been reported regarding well leg compartment syndrome in a supine position and bilateral symmetrical involvement was observed in only 2 cases. In WLCS etiology, lengthy surgery, lengthy hypotension, and extremity malpositioning have been held responsible but one of the factors with a role in the etiology may have been the tissue oedema and impaired microcirculation formed from the effect of vasoactive mediators expressed into the circulation associated with the massive blood transfusion. …”
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A Case of Mixed Infections in a Patient Presenting with Acute Febrile Illness in the Tropics by L. S. Yong, K. C. Koh

“…Concurrent infections with more than one etiological agent can result in an illness with overlapping symptoms, resulting in a situation where the diagnosis and management of such a patient could be challenging. …”
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Translocation of Clostridium difficile Toxin B across Polarized Caco-2 Cell Monolayers Is Enhanced by Toxin A by Tim Du, Michelle J Alfa

“…Clostridium difficile is the etiological agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea; the most common form of nosocomial infectious diarrhea. …”
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Postvaginal Delivery Caecal Volvulus and Perforation by M. M. Abdullah Agha

“…Intestinal obstruction is an uncommon complication of pregnancy and pueperium. It has different etiologies and voluvlus is one of the common causes. …”
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Short-Lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing in a Patient with Varicella-Zoster Virus Encephalomyelitis by Megan E. Gray, Brian Wispelwey, Christopher J. Arnold

“…Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome (SUNCT) is a type of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia. Its etiology is generally idiopathic, though rarely it has been associated with viral infections. …”
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