Effect of the Mg/Al Ratio on Activated Sol-Gel Hydrotalcites for Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol by Esthela Ramos-Ramírez, Norma L. Gutiérrez-Ortega, Francisco Tzompantzi-Morales, Gloria A. Del Ángel, Claudia Martínez-Gómez, Elizabeth Pabón-Gelves

“…Hydrotalcites and Mg/Al-mixed oxides were physicochemically characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (DTA and TGA), and N2 physisorption. …”
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Synthesis, characterization and toxicity assessment of chlorantraniliprole nanoemulsion against Helicoverpa armigera by Geeta Devi, Lomash Kumar, Rahul Kumar Dhaka, Karuna Jain, Rahul Saini, Shubham Saini, Anil Jakhar, Sushil Ahlawat, Mehdi Rahimi

“…The nano size of emulsion is confirmed by Dynamic light scattering (62.43 nm), Scanning electron microscopy (55 ± 5 nm), X-ray diffraction (42.9 nm), and Transmission electron microscopy (22.5 ± 2.5 nm), Stability of synthesized nanoemulsion is confirmed via, centrifugation, freeze thaw cycle, heating cooling test, and zeta potential. …”
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Hybrid Analysis of Biochar Production from Pyrolysis of Agriculture Waste Using Statistical and Artificial Intelligent-Based Modeling Techniques by Hani Hussain Sait, Ramesh Kanthasamy, Bamidele Victor Ayodele

“…The physicochemical properties of the biochar produced at pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 °C were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen (N₂) physisorption analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). …”
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Microstructural Characterization and Wear Properties of Fe-Based Amorphous-Crystalline Coating Deposited by Twin Wire Arc Spraying by Ana Arizmendi-Morquecho, Araceli Campa-Castilla, C. Leyva-Porras, Josué Almicar Aguilar Martinez, Gregorio Vargas Gutiérrez, Karla Judith Moreno Bello, L. López López

“…The microstructures of coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as the powder precursor. …”
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Effect of tempering temperature on low-temperature impact toughness of 35MnB steel by Ping Ni, Wen Shi, Hengchang Lu, Bo Zhang, Han Dong

“…The relationship between crystallographic orientation and low-temperature impact toughness was analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that when the tempering temperature is between 350 °C and 410 °C, numerous large M3(C, B) at the prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGBs) lead to intergranular fracture in the radial zone of the impact fracture. …”
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Purification and Characterization of a Low Molecular Weight Neutral Non-Starch Polysaccharide from Panax ginsen g by Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Ying Ying, Chao Ma, Yajie Zhang, Xiaoping Li, Hongxin Wu

“…Chemical characteristics, monosaccharide compositions and structure of GP1A were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography with mass spectrometer, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. …”
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Structural Characterization of Polygonum divaricatum L. Polysaccharide and Its Inhibitory Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Cells by CUI Yanyan, YUAN Yongxu, GUO Mingkun, HE Wenbing, LI Ming, PEI Shichun, LI Dajun

“…Methods: The structure of PSPDL was characterized using high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). …”
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Gel–sol synthesis of hierarchical CaO using pollen as biotemplate for biodiesel production by Zheng, Jingdi, Tao, Shuang, Yang, Ying, Tang, Ying

“…The CaO(S) was synthesized through sol–gel-biotemplate method using calcium nitrate-ethanol-citric acid as precursor and rape pollen as biotemplate, followed by the characterizations such as N2-Brunauer Emmet Teller (N2-BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD), Thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). …”
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Nanofertilizers benefited maize to cope oxidative stress under saline environment by Abbas Shoukat, Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib, Allah Nawaz, Kashif Zulfiqar Amir, Ilyas Ahmad, Ali Hamza, Karl Hermann Mühling

“…ZnO and SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) has been synthesized in the lab and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy before the plant experiment. …”
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Synthesis and application of iron nanoparticles from scrap metal for triclosan degradation in water via Fenton and Sono-Fenton oxidation by S. Bhaskar, K.V. Apoorva, Shabina Ashraf, T. Athul Devan

“…Iron nanoparticles (FeSNPs) were synthesised using Mangifera indica plant extracts and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron diffusion spectroscopic spectrophotometry. …”
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Effect of Process Pressure on the Properties of Cu₂O Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering by Junghwan Park, Chang-Sik Son, Young-Guk Son, Donghyun Hwang

“…Cu₂O thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates using RF magnetron sputtering under various process pressures, and their structural, morphological, compositional, and optical properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the films crystallized in the cubic Cu₂O phase, with the highest crystallinity observed at 5 mTorr, as evidenced by the sharp and intense (111) peak. …”
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Banksia Ashbyi-engineered facile green synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles: Characterization, and determination of micro-strain, stress, and physical parameters by X-ray-based Wil... by Gérrard Eddy Jai Poinern, A F M Fahad Halim, Derek Fawcett, Peter Chapman, Rupam Sharma

“…Several advanced characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the physical and chemical properties of synthesized MNPs. …”
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Preface by CTA Editorial Board

“…A scientific laboratory “Neutron-diffraction studies of complex oxides” was organized jointly with the Institute for Metal Physics in 1997. …”
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Endocrine disruptor (17 β-estradiol) removal by poly pyrrole-based molecularly imprinted polymer: kinetic, isotherms and thermodynamic studies by Samaneh Mohebbi, Aram Dokht Khatibi, Davoud Balarak, Maryam Khashij, Edris Bazrafshan, Mohammad Mehralian

“…The structure of the MIP was confirmed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), infrared spectrophotometric spectrum (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The efficiency of the PPy-MIP in removing E2 was obtained 99.97% at optimum condition; while, the NIP achieved a removal efficiency of 69.9%. …”
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Optimizing ibrutinib bioavailability: Formulation and assessment of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponge delivery systems by Sunitha Sampathi, Nitiraj Kulkarni, D.V.R.N. Bhikshapathi, Jagadish V. Tawade, Nainaru Tarakaramu, Rzgar Farooq Rashid, Aziz Kubaev

“…Characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), to assess compatibility. …”
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Syntheses and crystal structures of the cerium-based coordination polymers poly[(acetic acid)bis(μ-5-carboxythiophene-2-carboxylato)bis(μ-thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylato)dicerium(III)]... by Niklas Ruser, Christian Näther, Norbert Stock

“…Both title compounds exhibit additional O—H...O hydrogen bonds. Powder X-ray diffraction shows that both compounds were not obtained as pure phases.…”
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Evaluation of Solubility, and Volumetric and Morphological Alterations of Bioceramic Filling Material for Primary Teeth: A New Methodological Approach by Víctor M. Ochoa-Rodríguez, Hernán Coaguila-Llerena, Leandro Fernandes, Ana B. B. Solcia, Juliane M. Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Mário Tanomaru-Filho, Gisele Faria

“…The surface distribution of the chemical elements and the crystalline phases was evaluated by energy scattering X-ray scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to detect hydroxyapatite precipitate and components. …”
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In-situ observation of twinning and grain rotation assisted deformation in wire-arc direct energy deposited (WDED) single phase titanium by Blanca Palacios, Sohail M.A.K. Mohammed, Tanaji Paul, Brandon Aguiar, Sean Langan, Arvind Agarwal

“…This study integrates crystal orientation measurements from Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) with in-situ DIC to investigate deformation characteristics of wire arc directed energy deposited (WDED) single α-phase titanium. …”
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Experimental Study of the Flow Mechanism of Deep Lacustrine Carbonate Reservoirs in the Yingxi Area of the Qaidam Basin by Xiangrong Luo, Yongxian Zheng, Penggang Huang, Li’an Yang, Xiaodong Chen, Xiaojuan Ren, Guo Wang, Yanzhi Wang, Zhiguo Wang, Xiaoxiao Li

“…Therefore, in this study, the rock samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), porosity-permeability analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), plain thin sections, and casting thin sections. …”
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Experimental and simulation study on tensile mechanical characteristics and crack development law of sandstone after thermal treatment by Jing Yang, Sheng-Qi Yang, Guang-Jian Liu, Bo-Wen Sun, Wen-Ling Tian, Jin-Zhou Tang

“…Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests, it is determined that the thermal cracks in the rock show the characteristics of ''disorderly distribution, centralized development, a large number of microcracks develop to form penetration trend, and local penetration to form complex crack network''. …”
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