Biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using banana peel pectin for antibacterial and photocatalytic applications by Kazi Suraiya Islam, Md. Hasnain Mustak, Md. Khalid Hossain Shishir, Md. Minnatul Karim, Gazi Md. Arifuzzaman Khan

“…The nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy to evaluate their purity, size, morphology and crystallinity. …”
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Effect of Trace Rare Earth Elements (Ce) on the Corrosion Resistance of High-Strength Weathering Bridge Steels by Jiquan Chen, Ruifeng Dong, Yuansu Lei, Peiying Zhou, Xiong Yang, Lifeng Fan

“…The corrosion behavior of Q370qENH high-strength weathering bridge steel in a marine atmosphere was studied using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and other surface testing techniques. …”
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A facile synthesis by spark plasma sintering of mobile lithium ions into oxynitride glass-ceramic matrix: Insight and perspective by Sharafat Ali, Abbas Saeed Hakeem, Hussain Alslman, Natalia Anna Wójcik

“…Spark Plasma Sintered (SPS) glass-ceramic samples with varying Li content (6–21 wt% of Li₂O) were analyzed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis exhibited amorphous patterns for both the oxynitride parent glass and the same undoped glass which was sintered via SPS. …”
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Silver Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis Using an ATCC Reference Strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Activity as Broad Spectrum Clinical Antibacterial Agents by Melisa A. Quinteros, Ivana M. Aiassa Martínez, Pablo R. Dalmasso, Paulina L. Páez

“…A greenish culture supernatant of P. aeruginosa incubated at 37°C with a silver nitrate solution for 24 h changed to a yellowish brown color, indicating the formation of Ag-NPs, which was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. TEM analysis showed spherical and pseudospherical nanoparticles with a distributed size mainly between 25 and 45 nm, and the XRD pattern revealed the crystalline nature of Ag-NPs. …”
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One-Pot Template-Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of Monoclinic Hollow Microspheres and Their Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity by Bei Cheng, Wenguang Wang, Lei Shi, Jun Zhang, Jingrun Ran, Huogen Yu

“…The reaction duration and urea concentration are shown to play important roles in the formation of the BiVO4 hollow microspheres. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy are used to characterize the products. …”
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Characterisation of Selected Emulsion Phase Parameters in Milk, Cream and Buttermilk by Oskar Michał Brożek, Katarzyna Kiełczewska, Krzysztof Bohdziewicz

“…The size of milk fat globules was measured by the laser diffraction method; the fatty acid profile of milk fat was determined by gas chromatography; and the thermal properties of freeze-dried samples were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. …”
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Physicochemical, Rheological, Structural, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of Polysaccharides Extracted from Tamarind Seeds by Likun Ren, Yang Yang, Xin Bian, Xiaomei Li, Bing Wang, Dangfeng Wang, Dan Su, Linlin Liu, Dehui Yu, Xiaoxue Guo, Xiumin Zhang, Na Zhang

“…The structure was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and X-ray diffraction after removing protein and small molecule impurities. …”
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Photocatalytic Activity under Simulated Sunlight of Bi-Modified TiO2 Thin Films Obtained by Sol Gel by D. A. Solís-Casados, L. Escobar-Alarcón, V. Alvarado-Pérez, E. Haro-Poniatowski

“…The obtained materials were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), in order to obtain information on their chemical composition, vibrational features, and optical properties, respectively. …”
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Characterizations and growth kinetics of the borided layer formed on pure nickel by molten salt electrolysis by Wang B.-X., Yuan W.-L., Wang Z.-Y., Li J.-X., Ma H.-Z., Song Y.-H.

“…The morphology and phases formed on the surface of pure nickel were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The surface hardness and corrosion resistance of the boronized sample were tested by micro hardness tester and electrochemical workstation, respectively. …”
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“Pillaring Effects” in Cross-Linked Cellulose Biopolymers: A Study of Structure and Properties by Inimfon A. Udoetok, Lee D. Wilson, John V. Headley

“…Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results reveal the variable surface roughness and fibre domains of cellulose due to cross-linking. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 13C NMR spectroscopy indicate that cellulose adopts a one-chain triclinic unit cell structure (P1 space group) with gauche-trans (gt) and trans-gauche (tg) conformations of the glucosyl linkages and hydroxymethyl groups. …”
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Modification in Physicochemical, Structural and Digestive Properties of Potato Starch During Heat-Moisture Treatment Combined with Microwave Pre- and Post-Treatment by Chunli Deng, Oksana Melnyk, Tatyana Marenkova, Yanghe Luo

“…The light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the structural properties of starch. …”
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The impact of copper additive content on the synthesis of SiC from rice husks by Kieu Do Trung Kien, Huynh Ngoc Minh

“…The SiC content, mineralogical composition, and microstructure of the products were analyzed using ISO 21068-2:2008, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, x-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy. …”
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Characterization of Colombian Clay and Its Potential Use as Adsorbent by Iván Fernando Macías-Quiroga, Gloria Inés Giraldo-Gómez, Nancy Rocío Sanabria-González

“…The clay was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. …”
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Aminopropyl Functionalised MCM-41: Synthesis and Application for Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by Pham Dinh Du, Nguyen Trung Hieu, Thuy Chau To, Long Giang Bach, Mai Xuan Tinh, Tran Xuan Mau, Dinh Quang Khieu

“…The obtained materials were characterised using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimeter (TGA-DSC), adsorption/desorption isotherms of nitrogen, and Fourier-transfer infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. …”
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Ag-Ag2O nanocomposite biosynthesis by mixed bacterial cultivation and effect of the ph on size and optical properties of the nanocomposite by Morad G. S. S. Al-Asbahi, Bashir A. Al-Ofiri, Fuad A. A. Saad, Adnan Alnehia, Muhammad Hadi

“…A range of analytical techniques, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), were employed to investigate the structural and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites. …”
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Resulting Key Physiological Changes in <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. Plants Under Drought Conditions After Priming the Seeds with Conventional Fertilizer and Greenly Synthesized Zinc... by Roquia Rizk, Mostafa Ahmed, Donia Abdul-Hamid, Mostafa Zedan, Zoltán Tóth, Kincső Decsi

“…Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and X-ray diffraction confirmed the nanoparticles’ hexagonal morphology and typical dimensions of 51 nm. …”
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Carbon Monoxide and Particulate Matter Concentrations inside the Road Tunnels of Guanajuato City, Mexico by Adrián Zamorategui-Molina, Norma L. Gutiérrez-Ortega, Juan Carlos Baltazar-Vera, Julio Del Ángel-Soto, David Tirado-Torres

“…We then employed X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to analyze the mineralogy, chemical composition, and morphology of the PM, respectively. …”
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Effect of Adding Silica Nanoparticles on the Physicochemical Properties, Antimicrobial Action, and the Hardness of Dental Stone Type 4 by Navid Aghbolaghi, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj, Ramin Negahdari, Amir Reza Jamei Khosroshahi, Yashar Rezaei, Sepideh Bohlouli, Mohammad Ali Ghavimi

“…The prepared set materials were subjected to the physicochemical studies; Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was taken up to investigate the functional groups and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to evaluate the crystallinity. …”
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Antifungal Potential of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Controlling Cercospora Leaf Spot in Mung Bean by Zill-e-Huma Aftab, Faisal Shafiq Mirza, Tehmina Anjum, Humaira Rizwana, Waheed Akram, Muzamil Aftab, Muhammad Danish Ali, Guihua Li

“…These nanoparticles were produced using <i>Nigella sativa</i> seed extract and characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). …”
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Study of the application prospects of film detectors for estimation of α-radiation density by Dana S. Yerimbetova, Marina Konuhova, Artem L. Kozlovskiy, Umitali N. Tuichiyev

“…During the experiments, good convergence of the results of structural changes determined by optical spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods was established. These changes are caused by the processes of interaction of α-particles with a polymer detector, characterized by deformation distortion of the molecular chains of the polymer, leading to the formation of defects that affect changes in optical and electron density. …”
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