Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Cordia africana Lam. Leaf Extract for 4-Nitrophenol Reduction by Aklilu Guale Bekru, Osman Ahmed Zelekew, Dinsefa Mensur Andoshe, Fedlu Kedir Sabir, Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy

“…The synthesized CuO nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). …”
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TiO2/Halloysite Composites Codoped with Carbon and Nitrogen from Melamine and Their Enhanced Solar-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Performance by Pengcheng Yao, Shuhui Zhong, Zhurui Shen

“…The samples prepared by different weight ratios of melamine and TiO2 were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrometer. …”
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Mechanical alloying of iron-coated NbC and Si in stirred media mill by Al-Azzawi A., Kristály F., Rácz Á., Baumli P., Bohács K., Mucsi G.

“…Morphology and material structural changes, during the mechanical alloying process, were determined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The particle size distribution of the product was measured by a Horiba 950 LA laser particle size analyser. …”
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Femtosecond System with Pulse Pumping of Seed Laser and Amplifier by Using a Single Power Unit by S. A. Tikhomirov

“…In the developed laser system a compact scheme of a stretcher-compressor with a single common diffraction grating is used.Laser systems of this type characterized by a relatively low cost due to the use of a single power supply unit for simultaneous pumping  of  the  amplifier  and  oscillator,  as  well  as  lower  requirements for the quality of optical elements and usage conditions due to the pulse mode of operation, are quite practical and  can  be  used  both  in  scientific research  in  the  field  of  ultra-high-speed kinetic spectroscopy and nonlinear optics, as well as in numerous technical applications, particular in the precision processing of materials, as optical  simulators  of  the  action  of  heavy  charged  particles  in  testing the radiation resistance of integrated circuits and electronic modules.…”
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GaN Nanopowder synthesis via nitridation: Fabrication and characterization of GaN thin Films for UV detection applications by Mahdi Hajimazdarani, Peyman Yaghoubizadeh, Ali Jafari, Ali Kenarsari Moghadam, Mojtaba Hajimazdarani, Mohammad Javad Eshraghi

“…The structural and optical properties of the resulting gallium nitride thin films were thoroughly characterized. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the synthesized powder has a wurtzite crystal structure, while the deposited thin film has an amorphous structure. …”
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Molecular Dynamic Investigation of Graphene Oxide Presence and Three Experimental Distribution Methods in Reinforced Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites by Mohsen Ghiasvand, Hamid Fazeli, Jafar Eskandari Jam, Abass Kebritchi

“…In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were employed to investigate the quality of GO distribution in nanocomposites. …”
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In Situ Curing of a Polymer Film for Light-Proof Coring of Deep Rocks with Preservation of Rock Quality and Moisture by Zhiyu Zhao, Heping Xie, Tao Liu, Yifan Wu

“…The sealing film was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to the neat silicone rubber film, the O2 and water vapor permeability and light transmittance of the sealing film were reduced by 81.2%, 84.4%, and 100%, respectively. …”
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Influence of Bath Composition at Acidic pH on Electrodeposition of Nickel-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites for Corrosion Protection by Jeerapan Tientong, Casey R. Thurber, Nandika D’Souza, Adel Mohamed, Teresa D. Golden

“…The coatings deposited at pH 3.0 were stable 13 days longer in the salt solution than the other coatings. X-ray diffraction showed a change in the (111)/(200) ratio for the coatings at the various pHs. …”
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Experimental determination of phase equilibria at 900°C and liquidus surface in the Cu-Ni-Ti system by Jin B., Lu X., Liu S., Huang D., Du Y.

“…Phase equilibria at 900°C and the liquidus projection in the Ni-rich corner of the Cu-Ni-Ti ternary system were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on the annealed and as-cast alloys. …”
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Chemiluminescence of Mn-Doped ZnS Nanocrystals Induced by Direct Chemical Oxidation and Ionic Liquid-Sensitized Effect as an Efficient and Green Catalyst by Seyed Naser Azizi, Mohammad Javad Chaichi, Parmis Shakeri, Ahmadreza Bekhradnia, Mehdi Taghavi, Mousa Ghaemy

“…These nanoparticles were structurally and optically characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy. …”
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Enhanced Cutting Performance of 50Cr15MoV Martensitic Stainless Steel Through Controlled Residual Austenite Stability by Fujian Guo, Zhimin Peng, Guangyi Lu, Wenle Liu, Guoqing Li, Pan Zhang, Chengjia Shang

“…The cutting edges of the knife were characterized by an optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM), to analyze the relationship between tool edge hardness and microstructure. …”
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Effects of Coarse and Fine Crushed Clay Brick Content on the Compressive Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete and the Microscopic Mechanism by Jin Chang, Shi-lin Luo, Aierken Ailifeila, Lin-lin Chong, Jian-qing Jiang

“…The compressive strength tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were performed on RAC and natural aggregate concrete (NAC) containing different coarse and fine crushed clay brick contents. …”
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Formation of a zirconium oxide crystal nucleus in the initial nucleation stage in aluminosilicate glass investigated by X-ray multiscale analysis by Yohei Onodera, Yasuyuki Takimoto, Hiroyuki Hijiya, Qing Li, Hiroo Tajiri, Toshiaki Ina, Shinji Kohara

“…We conducted an X-ray multiscale analysis, and this analysis was used to observe the structure from the atomic to the nanometer scale by using diffraction, small-angle scattering, absorption, and anomalous scattering techniques. …”
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Unveiling the nutritional and bioactive potential of bamboo (Bambusa tulda Roxb.) tea: A phytochemical and spectroscopic study by Rosy Narzary, Riu Riu Wary, Jangila Basumatary, Pranjal Kalita, Sushil Kumar Middha, Talambedu Usha, Arvind Kumar Goyal

“…Furthermore, silica (SiO₂) was extracted from the tea leaves and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). …”
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Effect of temperature and time on purity, morphology and phase transformations of silica from rice husk by Md. Tariqul Islam, Md. Faruk Hossen, Md. Kudrat-E-Zahan, Md. Ali Asraf, C.M. Zakaria, Hayatullah, Md Shohel Rana

“…The multiple properties of silica sources depend on various calcination temperatures (500–1000 ​°C) and time (1–6 ​h) in temperature-controlled muffle furnaces. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data indicated that rice husk ash produced silica of different silica phases such as amorphous and crystalline such as quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, wollastonite phase, etc. …”
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Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity on TiO2-Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites by Lingling Wang, Long Shen, Yihuai Li, Luping Zhu, Jiaowen Shen, Lijun Wang

“…The prepared photocatalysts were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses (TGA-DSC). …”
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Enhancing Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyurethane Rubber Reinforced with Polyethylene Glycol-g-Graphene Oxide by Li Wang, Wen Fu, Wenlong Peng, Haotuo Xiao, Shenglin Li, Jianning Huang, Cuiwen Liu

“…The polyethylene glycol-g-graphene oxide (MGO) was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The PUR/MGO composites were tested by tensile testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. …”
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Toluene Conversion by Using Different Morphology MnO2 Catalyst by Huaijian Wang, Fangtong Liu, Wenting Yang, Chenglong Yu, Huanhuan Xiong, Jiaqi Li, Meijuan Lu

“…Firstly, their structures were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption desorption curve, H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS). …”
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Quantitative revealing of reversed tension-compression yield asymmetry of an extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy by Yuanqing Chi, Zihan Chen, Mingjie Shen, Mingyi Zheng, Weiqing Liu

“…To quantitatively investigate this asymmetric behavior, in-situ synchrotron diffraction testing and polycrystal plasticity simulations were conducted. …”
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Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Humidity-Dependent Electrical Properties of Undoped and Niobium Oxide-Doped TiO2 : WO3 Mixed Powders by Pedro M. Faia, Juliano Libardi, Itamar Barbosa, Evando S. Araújo, Helinando P. de Oliveira

“…The microstructure of the samples was analyzed from scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, Raman spectra, BET surface area analysis, and porosimetry. …”
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