Effect of Nitric Acid Concentrations on Synthesis and Stability of Maghemite Nanoparticles Suspension by Irwan Nurdin, Mohd Rafie Johan, Iskandar Idris Yaacob, Bee Chin Ang

“…Characterization of all samples performed by several techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), alternating gradient magnetometry (AGM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. …”
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Corrosion behavior of Shape Memory Alloy in NaCl environment and recovery maintenance in Cu-Zn-Al sysytem by Andrea Brotzu, Barbara De Filippo, Stefano Natali, Laura Zortea

“… Shape memory effect (SME) and the relation with corrosion behavior of Cu-Zn-Al Smart Memory Alloys (SMAs) were investigated using different techniques: Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with an Energy Dispersive System, X-Ray Diffraction analysis, Electrochemical Test in NaCl solutions with different concentrations (0.035%, 0.35% and 3.5%), which simulate coastal conditions, mechanical characterization through tensile test and guided bend test.  …”
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Phenol Red Adsorption from Aqueous Solution on the Modified Bentonite by Nguyen Le My Linh, Tran Duong, Hoang Van Duc, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu, Pham Khac Lieu, Nguyen Van Hung, Le Thi Hoa, Dinh Quang Khieu

“…In the present work, the modified bentonites were prepared by the modification of bentonite with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), both cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and hydroxy-Fe cations and both cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and hydroxy-Al cations. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG-DTA), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms were utilized to characterize the resultant modified bentonites. …”
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Electrochemical Denitrification of Synthetic Aqueous Solution and Actual Contaminated Well Water: RSM Modeling, Kinetic Study, Monte Carlo Optimization, and Sensitivity Analysis by Fahimeh Shamseali, Farzaneh Mohammadi, Hamidreza Pourzamani, Mahsa Janati

“…Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterized electrodes were performed before and after all experiments. …”
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Effect of the sintering temperature on the electrical properties of Y–Al‐doped ZnO varistors by Lei Wang, Hang Zhang, Kexin Zhang, Yubo Shen, Limin Qu, Yue Yin, Pengfei Meng, Jingke Guo

“…Through C--V characteristic testing, X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis, it was found that the increase in sintering temperature promoted the formation of interface negative charge and defect reactions by Y3+, increasing Ni and Nd; Al3+ tends to aggregate in the grain area, further increasing Nd; the volatilization of Bi3+ gradually increases, causing a decrease in Ni; the Φb first increases and then decreases with the changes in Ni and Nd, resulting in a U‐shaped variation characteristic of the nonlinear coefficient and leakage current density. …”
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Kinetic Study on the CsXH3−X PW12O40/Fe-SiO2 Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production by Mostafa Feyzi, Leila Norouzi, Hamid Reza Rafiee

“…Characterization of catalyst was carried out by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption-desorption measurements methods, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).…”
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The Synergistic Effect of Nitrogen Dopant and Calcination Temperature on the Visible-Light-Induced Photoactivity of N-Doped TiO2 by Yao-Tung Lin, Chih-Huang Weng, Hui-Jan Hsu, Yu-Hao Lin, Ching-Chang Shiesh

“…The phase and structure, chemical state, optical properties, and surface area/pore distribution of N-doped TiO2 were characterized using X-ray diffraction spectrometer, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area. …”
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Crystal structure of poly[μ3-acetato-diaqua-μ3-sulfato-cerium(III)]: serendipitous synthesis of a layered coordination polymer exhibiting interlayer O—H...O hydrogen bonding by Niklas Ruser, Christian Näther, Norbert Stock

“…Intralayer and interlayer O—H...O hydrogen bonds are observed. Powder X-ray diffraction shows that only traces of the title compound have formed together with a large amount of an unknown crystalline phase. …”
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Silver Nanoparticles Gel for Wound Dressing Applications by Nguyen Thi Hiep, Huynh Chan Khon, Vo Van Thanh Niem, Vo Van Toi, Tran Ngoc Quyen, Nguyen Dai Hai, Mai Ngoc Tuan Anh

“…The presence of silver nanoparticles in CPA gels matrix was examined using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The interaction of CS and PVA was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. …”
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Evaluation of the Synergistic Effect of Erosion-Corrosion on AISI 4330 Steel in Saline-Sand Multiphase Flow by Electrochemical and Gravimetric Techniques by Dario Yesid Peña Ballesteros, Yelsin Enrique Mendez Camacho, Lizeth Viviana Barreto Hernandez

“…The worn surface was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). …”
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The Synthesis of Anatase Nanoparticles and the Preparation of Photocatalytically Active Coatings Based on Wet Chemical Methods for Self-Cleaning Applications by Dejan Verhovšek, Nika Veronovski, Urška Lavrencic Štangar, Marko Kete, Kristina Žagar, Miran Ceh

“…The synthesized anatase nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and were tested in coatings for self-cleaning glass and ceramic surfaces. …”
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Enhancing tribological and corrosion characteristics of AA2099/GNP metal matrix nanocomposites through parametric optimization using Taguchi Technique by Ch Polayya, C S P Rao, Veeresh Kumar G B

“…The microstructural analysis employs scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), while hardness is evaluated using specialized Vickers microhardness equipment. …”
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Morphological Effect of CNT/TiO2 Nanocomposite Photoelectrodes Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell on Photovoltaic Performance with Various Annealing Temperatures by Mohd Zikri Razali, Huda Abdullah, Izamarlina Asaahari

“…The field emission scanning electron microscopy morphological images show that the thin films were homogenously distributed and maintained their spherical structures. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the films consisted of anatase and rutile phases with large crystallite sizes due to temperature increment. …”
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Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Plugging for Enhanced Oil Recovery by Chenpeng Song, Derek Elsworth

“…Specifically, after eight cycles of microbial treatment (about four days), the permeability for the artificial cores representing large, intermediate, and small pore size maximally drop to 47%, 32%, and 16% of individual initial permeabilities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that most of the generated calcium carbonate crystals occur as vaterite with only a small amount of calcite. …”
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Removal of Azo Dyes (Violet B and Violet 5R) from Aqueous Solution Using New Activated Carbon Developed from Orange Peel by Saeedeh Hashemian, Khaterah Salari, Hamila Salehifar, Zahra Atashi Yazdi

“…COP was characterized using Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET. …”
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Ecofriendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Garden Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) by Palem Ramasubba Reddy, Shimoga D. Ganesh, Nabanita Saha, Oyunchimeg Zandraa, Petr Sáha

“…The crystalline nature of SNPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks at 38.2°, 45.6°, 64.2°, and 76.8°. …”
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Investigation of Physicochemical Properties and Characterization of Leaf Stalk Fibres Extracted from the Caribbean Royal Palm Tree by S. V. Gurupranes, L. Natrayan, S. Kaliappan, Praveen Bhai Patel, S. Sekar, P. Jayaraman, C. K. Arvinda Pandian, E. S. Esakkiraj

“…The CRP’s leaf stalks, termed CRP leaf stalk fibres (CRPLSFs), are extricated and categorized by (i) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), (ii) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (iii) Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, (iv) physical-chemical analysis, (v) X-ray diffraction (XRD), and (vi) tensile test (TT). The physical-chemical characteristics of CRPLSFs, cellulose content (CC), tensile strength (TS), density, and hemicelluloses correlate with other NF characteristics. …”
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Sorption of Pyrene by Clay Minerals Coated with Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) from Landfill Leachate by Pingxiao Wu, Yong Wen, Yun Xiang, Jianbing Zhou, Jianwei Du, Nengwu Zhu, Ping Li

“…The bare clays and their complexes were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). …”
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Electrochemical and physical properties of magnesioferrite nanomaterial and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by Nolubabalo Matinise, A. Fall

“…The optical characteristics and crystalline structure of the MgFe2O4 nanomaterials were analysed using photoluminescence, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided valuable insights into the chemical bonding and composition. …”
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The Effect of Annealing on the Structural and Optical Properties of Titanium Dioxide Films Deposited by Electron Beam Assisted PVD by Yaser M. Abdulraheem, Sahar Ghoraishi, Lidia Arockia-Thai, Suji K. Zachariah, Moustafa Ghannam

“…It was found from X-ray diffraction that the deposited films were amorphous and crystallization to anatase phase occurred for annealed samples and was more pronounced for annealing temperatures above 700°C. …”
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