Sorptive Response Profile of Chitosan Coated Silica in the Defluoridation of Aqueous Solution by Y. Vijaya, A. Krishnaiah

“…Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for the characterization of the sorbent. …”
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Catalytic Performance of Fe-Mn/SiO2 Nanocatalysts for CO Hydrogenation by Mostafa Feyzi, Shirin Nadri, Mohammad Joshaghani

“…Characterization of catalysts was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface area measurements.…”
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Fabrication of p-NiO/n-TiO2 Solar Device for Photovoltaic Application by R. T. Mouchou, K. O. Ukoba, O. T. Laseinde, T. C. Jen

“…The characterisation was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and a four-point probe. The deposition parameters were fine-tuned to achieve optimum optoelectronic properties for the solar device. …”
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Kinetic Study of Calcium Phosphate Precipitation in the System H3PO4-Ca(OH)2-H2O at 30°C by K. Labgairi, A. Borji, M. Kaddami, A. Jourani

“…The solid phases formed at different stages of this precipitation were characterized by X-ray diffraction.…”
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoluminescence on the Glass Doped with AgInS2 Nanocrystals by Dewu Yin, Lang Pei, Zhen Liu, Xinyu Yang, Weidong Xiang, Xiyan Zhang

“…We demonstrated a synthetic process on the glass doped with AgInS2 nanocrystals through sol-gel method under a controlled atmosphere. X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectra revealed that the AgInS2 crystalline phase had formed in the glass matrix. …”
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Assessing the Hardness of Quenched Medium Steel Using an Ultrasonic Nondestructive Method by Shao-Yi Hsia, Yu-Tuan Chou

“…Based on the characteristics of wave transmission, the refraction, diffraction, and scattering of ultrasound wave velocity and attenuation in a material are governed by its grain boundary characteristics. …”
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Effect of Metakaolin on Strength and Efflorescence Quantity of Cement-Based Composites by Tsai-Lung Weng, Wei-Ting Lin, An Cheng

“…Compressive strength and efflorescence quantify (using Matrix Laboratory image analysis and the curettage method), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis were reported in this study. Specimens with metakaolin as a replacement for Portland cement present higher compressive strength and greater resistance to efflorescence; however, the addition of more than 20% metakaolin has a detrimental effect on strength and efflorescence. …”
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Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles prepared from Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract for dye adsorption and their isotherm and kinetic studies by Anitha Panneerselvam, Jeevanantham Velayutham, Sudha Ramasamy

“…The structure and particle size of the synthesised TiO2 nanoparticles were characterised by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and the size was found to be 20 nm. …”
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Effects of Graphene Oxide Dispersion on Salt-Freezing Resistance of Concrete by Yihong Xu, Yingfang Fan

“…Graphene oxide (GO) was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties and durability of the salt-frozen concrete with different GO contents were examined, and its salt-freezing resistance mechanism was analyzed by microscopic tests. …”
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Non-equilibrium solidification and microsegregation in centrifugally cast high speed steel for rolls by Klančnik U., Košec B., Mrvar P., Medved J.

“…The modelled predictions were then compared with differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, light and electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, all performed on an as-cast roll shell. …”
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Effect of Argon-Oxygen Mixing Gas during Magnetron Sputtering on TiO2 Coatings by N. Madaoui, L. Bait, K. Kheyar, N. Saoula

“…The morphology and structure of the coatings were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Potentiodynamic polarization was used to study the corrosion behavior of the coatings. …”
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Effect of Electric Field and Temperature on Average Structure and Domain Wall Motion in 0.93Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.07BaTiO3 Ceramic by Jian Wang, Yun Liu, Andrew Studer, Lasse Norén, Ray Withers

“…In situ neutron powder diffraction patterns and dielectric spectra of 0.93Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.07BaTiO3 ceramic were investigated under different electrical fields and temperatures. …”
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Preparation and Properties of Clay-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites by Kusmono, M. W. Wildan, Z. A. Mohd Ishak

“…The morphology and tribology behavior of epoxy/clay nanocomposites were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and wear test, respectively. The wear test was performed to determine the specific abrasion of the nanocomposites. …”
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Impact of Preparative pH on the Morphology and Photocatalytic Activity of BiVO4 by Yongbiao Wan, Sihong Wang, Wenhao Luo, Lianhua Zhao

“…The prepared samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). …”
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Vanadium Pentoxide Nanoparticles Doped ZnO: Physicochemical, Optical, Dielectric, and Photocatalytic Properties by Imen Massoudi, Ridha Hamdi, Amani Rached, Zainah A. AlDhawi, Fatimah M. Alobaidan, Hawra M. Alhamdan, Ghadeer A. Almohammed Ali, Fatimah E. Almuslim, Amor Ben Ali

“…The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. …”
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Phase evolution in an MCrAlY coating during high temperature exposure by Costa C., Barbareschi E., Guarnone P., Borzone G.

“…Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation combined with Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the coating is composed of a γ- Co matrix, β-AlNi, σ-(Cr, Co), Cr carbide and Y-rich phases. …”
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SULFATE MINERALIZATION IN A TUNNEL OF THE PYATIGORSKY PROVAL CAVE, NORTH CAUCASUS by O.Ya. Chervyatsova, A.V. Kasatkin, N.V. Chukanov, F. Nestola

“…The sulfate minerals include humberstonite K3Na7Mg2(SO4 )6(NO3 )2 •6H2O, sideronatrite Na2 Fe(SO4)2(OH)•3H2O, metasideronatrite Na2 Fe(SO4)2(OH)•H2 O, natrojarosite NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 , tamarugite NaAl(SO4)2 •6H2O, and epsomite MgSO4 •7H2O, which were identified by electron probe microanalysis, powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The presence sulfate sulfur can be related to both the oxidation of sulfide grains, which were found in some samples, and the oxidation of gaseous H2S air oxygen. …”
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Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of bronze patina or/and protective coating on the surface of the archaeological coins by Saleh M. Saleh, Abd El-Hakim A. El-Badry, Amal M. Abdel-karim

“…Various finishes of coin fragments (uncoated, aged, and freshly coated) were investigated to determine their chemical composition, nature of the patina, and corrosion products on their surface using stereo microscopy(SM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). …”
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Growth of GaN@InGaN Core-Shell and Au-GaN Hybrid Nanostructures for Energy Applications by Tevye Kuykendall, Shaul Aloni, Ilan Jen-La Plante, Taleb Mokari

“…The hybrid structures were characterized by various techniques, including photoluminescence (PL), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD).…”
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Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spectra Properties of the Cadmium (II) Complex with Bis(N-allylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)benzylamine by Huilu Wu, Jingkun Yuan, Ying Bai, Fan Kou, Fei Jia, Bin Liu

“…The crystal structure of the complex has been determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the complex, the coordination sphere around Cd (II) is distorted octahedral, six nitrogen atoms involved in coordination afforded by two tridentate ligand babb. …”
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