Nanotechnology in the sports athlete community based on its application in doping detection: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis by Ahmad Chaeroni, Bekir Erhan Orhan, Ardo Okilanda, Kamal Talib, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Mottakin Ahmed

“…Nanotechnology offers a novel approach with potential in detecting doping substances more efficiently and accurately. …”
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Effect of dopant-induced local vibration modes on pressure-driven structural phase transition in Mn- and Co-doped ZnO by Chih-Ming Lin, Yi-Jia Tsai, Yi-Sheng Huang, Chia-Hung Hsu, Bo-Shiuan Chen, Ming-Fong Tai, Sheng-Rui Jian, Jenh-Yih Juang

“…By connecting local vibrational features to structural evolution at high pressures, this study demonstrates the capability of Raman spectroscopy to detect doping-induced changes in lattice dynamics. These insights advance our understanding of how local lattice effects influence phase transitions and guide the design of ZnO-based materials with tunable properties for optoelectronic and high-pressure applications.…”
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Hypoxia & Hyperoxia by Schmidt WFJ, Hoffmeister T, Wachsmuth N, Byrnes WC

“…About 10% of the administered cobalt is absorbed by the body and excreted in urine with a half-life of 4-12 hours. In order to detect doping with cobalt,a reference limit of 14ng/ml in urine has been suggested, which is 4 standard deviations higher than the normal urine cobalt concentration. …”
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