Stroma-derived Dickkopf-1 contributes to the suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity in breast cancer by Seunghyun Lee, Biancamaria Ricci, Jennifer Tran, Emily Eul, Jiayu Ye, Qihao Ren, David Clever, Julia Wang, Pamela Wong, Michael S. Haas, Sheila A. Stewart, Cynthia X. Ma, Todd A. Fehniger, Roberta Faccio

“…Importantly, increased DKK1 levels and reduced cytotoxic NK cells are detected in women with progressive breast cancer. …”
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Involvement of Different CD4+ T Cell Subsets Producing Granzyme B in the Immune Response to Leishmania major Antigens by Ikbel Naouar, Thouraya Boussoffara, Melika Ben Ahmed, Nabil Belhaj Hmida, Adel Gharbi, Sami Gritli, Afif Ben Salah, Hechmi Louzir

“…First, we found that PBMCs from HZCL individuals proliferate and produce high levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B (GrB), used as a marker of activated cytotoxic T cells, in response to the parasite antigens. …”
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Decreased Regulatory T Cells in Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Lesions: Imbalance between Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cells in Atherosclerosis by Ilonka Rohm, Yevgeniya Atiskova, Stefanie Drobnik, Michael Fritzenwanger, Daniel Kretzschmar, Rudin Pistulli, Jürgen Zanow, Thomas Krönert, Gita Mall, Hans Reiner Figulla, Atilla Yilmaz

“…The following results were observed: in unstable lesions, significantly higher numbers of proinflammatory cells like DCs, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, and natural killer cells were detected compared to stable plaques. …”
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Photochemical Treatment of Drosophila APCs Can Eliminate Associated Viruses and Maintain the APC Function for Generating Antigen-Specific CTLs Ex Vivo by Jun Ye, Chunxia Yang, Zeling Cai, Weixing Shi, Hong Yu

“…Drosophila cells transfected with MHC class I and a number of costimulation molecules including B7.1, ICAM, LFA-3, and CD70 are potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for the generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in vitro. Using Drosophila APCs, CTLs specific for melanoma antigens have been generated in vitro and adoptively transferred to melanoma patients. …”
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Quantitative impact of immunomodulation versus oncolysis with cytokine-expressing virus therapeutics by Peter S. Kim, Joseph J. Crivelli, Il-Kyu Choi, Chae-Ok Yun, Joanna R. Wares

“…We found that the model closely matches previously published data, and while viral oncolysis is fundamental in reducing tumor burden, increased stimulation of cytotoxic T cells leads to a short-term reduction in tumor size, but a faster relapse. …”
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Supplementation with Branched-Chain Amino Acids Induces Unexpected Deleterious Effects on Astrocyte Survival and Intracellular Metabolism with or without Hyperammonemia: A Prelimin... by Ting Wang, Kazuyuki Suzuki, Toshimi Chiba, Keisuke Kakisaka, Yasuhiro Takikawa

“…Methods. We performed cytotoxicity and cell proliferation tests on astrocytes following BCAA treatment with and without ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and then compared the results with the effects of BCAA on hepatocytes and neurons. …”
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Solanum Procumbens-Derived Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Suppress Lung Cancer In Vitro through Elevation of ROS by Ibrahim Ibrahim Abdel Aziz, Almaimani A. Riyad, Almasmoum A. Hussian, Ghaith M. Mazen, Moorthy Kannaiyan

“…Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytotoxicity, and cell viability assays revealed that the SP-ZnONP caused the cell death and the inhibition concentration (IC50) was calculated to be 61.28 μg/mL. …”
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Footprint of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Study of Immune Landscape and Other Factors Shielding Mortality by Noura Al-Dayan, Divya Venugopal, Sugapriya Dhanasekaran

“…Activation of virus-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells selectively targets the infected cells and strengthens the immunoregulatory system. …”
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Lessons Learned from Experimental Human Model of Zinc Deficiency by Ananda S. Prasad

“…In an experimental model of human mild zinc deficiency, we reported decreased thymulin (a thymopoietic hormone) activity in Th1 cells, decreased mRNAs of IL-2 and IFN-gamma genes, and decreased activity of natural killer cells (NK) and T cytotoxic T cells. The effect of zinc deficiency on thymulin activity and IL-2 mRNA was seen within eight to twelve weeks of the institution of zinc-deficient diet in human volunteers, whereas lymphocyte zinc decreased in 20 weeks and plasma zinc decreased in 24 weeks after instituting zinc-deficient diet. …”
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Comparison of Intranasal Outer Membrane Vesicles with Cholera Toxin and Injected MF59C.1 as Adjuvants for Malaria Transmission Blocking Antigens AnAPN1 and Pfs48/45 by Michael Pritsch, Najib Ben-Khaled, Michael Chaloupka, Sebastian Kobold, Nicole Berens-Riha, Annabell Peter, Gabriele Liegl, Sören Schubert, Michael Hoelscher, Thomas Löscher, Andreas Wieser

“…T cell responses (cytotoxic T cells, Th1, Th17, and regulatory T cells) were determined by flow cytometry. …”
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Antiallergic Effect of the Alpha-Cyclodextrin Moringin Complex in Rat Basophilic Leukaemia (RBL-2H3) Cell Line by Ebtisam Yousef A. Alnakeeb, Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, Kim Wei Chan, Chau Ling Tham, Yee Han Chan, Anwar Salm Kalifa Kafo, Nuzul Noorahya Jambari, Patrick Rollin, Florence Djedaini-Pilard

“…The α-CD/MG complex was initially elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) followed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt proliferation assay to evaluate the cytotoxicity and cell viability with respect to ketotifen fumarate (KF) and α-CD/MG. …”
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Similarities between Tumour Immune Response and Chronic Wound Microenvironment: Influence of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells by Kimberly Thando Peta, Melvin Anyasi Ambele, Michael Sean Pepper

“…In the case of the TME, MSCs are reported to promote tumorigenesis by suppressing T, B, and natural killer cells in addition to dendritic cells, cytotoxic T cells, and Th1-associated cytokines, thereby promoting tumour growth. …”
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Water-Soluble Polymer Assists N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid Receptor 2B siRNA Delivery to Relieve Chronic Inflammatory Pain In Vitro and In Vivo by Jie Peng, Jiahui Ma, Xue Yang, Huan He, Haopeng Wu, Tongtong Ma, Jianhua Lu

“…The results showed that WSLP could protect the loading siRNAs from enzymatic degradation in serum and exhibit low cytotoxicity to cells. After transfection, WSLP/NR2B-siRNA complexes reduced the NR2B transcriptional level by 50% and protein level by 55% compared to control siRNA. …”
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Enhanced Antitumor Immune Response in 2′-5′ Oligoadenylate Synthetase-Like 1- (OASL1-) Deficient Mice upon Cisplatin Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy by Chan Kyu Sim, Jung Hoon Lee, In-Jeoung Baek, Sang-Wook Lee, Myeong Sup Lee

“…Additionally, we found that Oasl1−/− mice applied with both types of the cancer therapies contained more cytotoxic effector cells, such as CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and produced more cytotoxic effector cytokine IFN-γ as well as IFN-I in their tumor-containing lungs compared to untreated Oasl1−/− mice. …”
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Pilot clinical trial of neoadjuvant toll-like receptor 7 agonist (Imiquimod) immunotherapy in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma by Angela J. Yoon, Richard D. Carvajal, Evan M. Graboyes, John M. Kaczmar, William G. Albergotti, Alexandra E. Kejner, Scott H. Troob, Elizabeth Philipone, Jean-Sebastien Anoma, Kent E. Armeson, Elizabeth G. Hill, Mary S. Richardson, Tina R. Woods, Bhishamjit S. Chera, Farzad Nourollah-Zadeh, Byung J. Lee, Subramanya Pandruvada, Antonis Kourtidis, Christina Kingsley, Elizabeth C. O’Quinn, Stephanie Mills, Victoria C. Jordan, Mike Spencer, Danielle Fails, Trevor D. McKee, Mark Zaidi, Alan Brisendine, Shane Horn, Shikhar Mehrotra, Besim Ogretmen, Jason G. Newman

“…An increase in functional helper and cytotoxic T-cells significantly contributed to a reduction in tumor (R=0.54 and 0.55, respectively). …”
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Treatment strategies for combining immunostimulatory oncolytic virus therapeutics with dendritic cell injections by Joanna R. Wares, Joseph J. Crivelli, Chae-Ok Yun, Il-Kyu Choi, Jana L. Gevertz, Peter S. Kim

“…The efficacy of this process is limited and new OVs are being designed to mediate tumor cell release of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules, which attract cytotoxic T cells to target tumor cells, thus increasing the tumor-killing effects of OVs. …”
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Humoral and Cellular Immune Regulation in Albino Rat Exposed to Glyphosate and Aluminum Phosphide by Ujuamala Ezeani, Onyemaechi Afonne, Michael Ezeani

“…Additionally, there was a notable reduction in CD4+ levels at the second and third months post-exposure (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively).Conclusion: This study identified a deregulation of the immune system characterized by a progressive immunosuppression of CD4 T cell counts, indicating a down regulation of antibody-mediated (humoral) immune responses alongside an up regulation of cytotoxic T cells. This phenomenon aligns with the animals' increasing exposure to the chemicals, showing no significant difference in the changes due to dosage across both sexes. …”
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MicroRNA-1 Inhibits the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Treated with Hydatid Cyst Fluid by Hadis Jafari, Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei, Adel Spotin, Behzad Baradaran, Dariush Shanehbandi, Amir Baghbanzadeh, Zahra Alizadeh

“…For this study, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were cultured and divided into two groups: one group received HCF treatment and the other group was untreated and served as the control group. The cytotoxicity and cell viability of various HCF concentrations on breast cancer cells were evaluated using the MTT assay. …”
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Synergistic anticancer effects of cisplatin and phenolic aglycones of the aerial part of Rumex dentatus L. in tongue squamous cell carcinoma: insights from network pharmacology and... by Amany E. Ragab, Ghada M. Al-Ashmawy, Sherin R. El Afify, Ola A. El-Feky, Amera O. Ibrahim

“…Methods The study included UPLC-ESI–MS/MS analysis, cytotoxicity assays, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assessment, and RT-qPCR for gene expression of Bcl2, p53, and ATG7. …”
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T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia with Extremely Rare Immunophenotype (CD4/CD8 Double-Positive) Followed by Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis by Dina Soliman, Sherin Sallam, Susanna Akiki, Deena Mudawi, Feryal Ibrahim

“…T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia is characterized by clonal expansion of a CD3+/CD57+ subpopulation, which are typically CD8+ positive cytotoxic T- cells, and can only be diagnosed if there is a persistent, greater than 6 months, elevation of LGL in the blood (usually 2–20 × 109/L), in the absence of an identifiable cause. …”
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