Pan-tumor analysis to investigate the obesity paradox in immune checkpoint blockade by Evan J Lipson, Ludmila Danilova, Elizabeth M Jaffee, Won Jin Ho, Mark Yarchoan, Yasser Ged, Jean Hoffman-Censits, Jennifer Durham, Sanjay Bansal, Chester Kao, Rajat Mohindra, Stephanie L Alden, Tanguy Y Seiwert, Soren Charmsaz, Howard L Li, Kabeer Munjal, Hua-Ling Tsai, Alexei Hernandez, Erin M Coyne, Rachel Garonce-Hediger, Laura Tang, Marina Baretti, Kathryn Howe, G Scott Chandler, Madelena Brancati, Aanika Warner, Ervin Griffin, Mari Nakazawa, Chris Thoburn, Jennifer Gizzi, Nicole E Gross, Elsa Hallab, Sarah S Shin, Aditi Guha

“…Obese patients demonstrated lower levels of T effector cells with reduced expression of cytotoxicity markers and higher expression of exhaustion markers at baseline and on-treatment.Conclusions Obese and non-obese patients with cancer have divergent immunological responses to ICIs. …”
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Biointegration of soft tissue-inspired hydrogels on the chorioallantoic membrane: An experimental characterization by Manuel P. Kainz, Mathias Polz, Daniel Ziesel, Marta Nowakowska, Muammer Üçal, Sabine Kienesberger, Sophie Hasiba-Pappas, Raimund Winter, Nassim Ghaffari Tabrizi-Wizsy, Sarah Kager, Theresa Rienmüller, Julia Fuchs, Michele Terzano, Christian Baumgartner, Gerhard A. Holzapfel

“…Chicken embryo survival rates and cytotoxicity assays confirmed the biocompatibility of the hydrogels and supported their potential for use in soft, hydrated three-dimensional scaffolds that mimic tissue environments in dynamic biological systems.Statement of significance Current research on soft scaffold materials for cell cultures often overlooks the critical relationship between mechanical properties and biological integration of these materials with host tissues. …”
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Targeting the G-quadruplex as a novel strategy for developing antibiotics against hypervirulent drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Maria Sultan, Maria Razzaq, Joohyun Lee, Shreyasi Das, Shrute Kannappan, Vinod Kumar Subramani, Wanki Yoo, Truc Kim, Hye-Ra Lee, Akhilesh K. Chaurasia, Kyeong Kyu Kim

“…In-cell and in vivo validation of NMM using RAW264.7 cells and Galleria mellonella; respectively, demonstrated that NMM exhibited superior antibiotic activity compared to well-established antibiotics, with no observed cytotoxicity. Conclusions In summary, the current study identified NMM as a broad-spectrum potent antibacterial agent and elucidated its plausible mechanism of action primarily by targeting G4-motif in the mraZ promoter of the dcw gene cluster.…”
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Therapeutic depletion of CCR8+ tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells elicits antitumor immunity and synergizes with anti-PD-1 therapy by James Dooley, Bart Neyns, Elizabeth Allen, Frank Tacke, Louis Boon, Damya Laoui, Julia Katharina Schwarze, Helena Van Damme, Bruno Dombrecht, Máté Kiss, Heleen Roose, Eva Van Overmeire, Daliya Kancheva, Liesbet Martens, Aleksandar Murgaski, Pauline Madeleine Rachel Bardet, Gillian Blancke, Maude Jans, Evangelia Bolli, Maria Solange Martins, Yvon Elkrim, Kiavash Movahedi, Niels Vandamme, Sebahat Ocak, Isabelle Scheyltjens, Lars Vereecke, Frank Aboubakar Nana, Pascal Merchiers, Jo Agnes Van Ginderachter

“…These Nbs were formulated as tetravalent Nb-Fc fusion proteins for optimal CCR8 binding and blocking, containing either an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)-deficient or an ADCC-prone Fc region. …”
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The Potential Proallergenic Activity of Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae and Phragmidium rubi-idaei in vitro Studies by Sztandera-Tymoczek M, Wdowiak-Wróbel S, Świderska U, Palusińska-Szysz M, Szuster-Ciesielska A

“…This study aimed to investigate the potential of two common rust fungi, Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae and Phragmidium rubi-idaei, to trigger a proinflammatory response in vitro models representing the upper and lower respiratory tract.Materials and Methods: The BEAS-2B and A549 cell lines simulated upper and lower respiratory endothelial cells. The cytotoxicity of fungal extracts was evaluated using MTT and flow cytometry assays. …”
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Chemical Synthesis, Efficacy, and Safety of Antimalarial Hybrid Drug Comprising of Sarcosine and Aniline Pharmacophores as Scaffolds by Jean Baptiste Niyibizi, Peter G. Kirira, Francis T. Kimani, Fiona Oyatsi, Joseph K. Ng’ang’a

“…There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between ED50 of sarcosine-aniline hybrid and both controls such as aniline derivative, artesunate, artesunate-aniline hybrid, and chloroquine. Cytotoxicity results revealed that sarcosine-aniline hybrid was safe to vero cells with a CC50 of 50.18 ± 3.53 μg/ml. …”
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Single-cell profiling reveals a reduced epithelial defense system, decreased immune responses and the immune regulatory roles of different fibroblast subpopulations in chronic atro... by Lin Lin, Tingxuan Huang, Lizhi Li, Yang Lin, Feng Chen, Ziyi Zheng, Jie Zhou, Yizhe Wang, Weihao You, Yujie Duan, Yawen An, Shiwei He, Weimin Ye

“…We observed an immune decline in the mucosal microenvironment during the development of CAG, including a reduced immune response of C1Q + macrophages, reduced cytotoxicity of T cells, and increased infiltration of exhausted T cells. …”
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Cooling and Sterile Inflammation in an Oxygen-Glucose-Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury Model in BV-2 Microglia by Jana Lücht, Nele Rolfs, Sylvia J. Wowro, Felix Berger, Katharina R. L. Schmitt, Giang Tong

“…Cultured supernatants were harvested after exposure to OGD for analysis of DAMP secretions, including high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and CIRBP, and cytotoxicity was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase releases after exposure to OGD and reperfusion. …”
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Ginger-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Loaded With Indocyanine Green Enhances Phototherapy Efficacy for Breast Cancer by Guo Z, Li G, Shen L, Pan J, Dou D, Gong Y, Shi W, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Ma K, Cui C, Li W, Liu Q, Zhu X

“…The photothermal performance, cellular uptake and distribution, cytotoxicity, anti-tumor effects, and mechanism of action of GDNPs@ICG were investigated both in vitro and in vivo.Results: GDNPs@ICG were taken up by tumor cells via a lipid-dependent pathway. …”
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Podophyllotoxin mediates hepatic toxicity via the C5a/C5aR/ROS/NLRP3 and cGMP/PKG/mTOR axis in rats based on toxicological evidence chain (TEC) concept by phosphoproteomic analysis by Chuanxin Liu, Xiaobin Huang, Jiao Kong, Xuejiao Li, Yuming Wang, Fangfang Zhang, Jiajia Duan

“…Furthermore, in vitro THLE-2 cell models were used in conjunction with CCK8, immunofluorescence, and ELISA assays to validate cytotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms (TEE2). Results: Our results showed that after 4 days of PPT administration at 20 mg/kg (HIE), serum levels of AST/ALT, TBA, TP, and ALB in SD rats were significantly increased (P < 0.05), indicating severe liver damage. …”
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Pien Tze Huang Attenuates Neuro-inflammatory Injury in BV2 Microglial Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharide via Inhibition of TLR4/MAPK Signaling Pathway by Zhenwei HUANG, Qing ZHANG, Lili HUANG, Xiaoqin ZHANG, Mingqing HUANG

“…Then the protein expression of TLR4, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p38, p-p38, JNK, p-JNK, COX-2, iNOS in BV2 microglial cells were detected by Western blot.Results:1) The result of MTT assay showed that PZH at 0.05-0.15 mg/mL concentration and LPS at 100 ng/mL concentration had no significant cytotoxicity on BV2 microglial cells (<italic>P</italic>&gt; 0.05).2) The result of ELISA showed that the secretion of IL-6 was significantly increased in BV2 microglial cells induced by LPS compared with the normal control group (<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.001); compared with the LPS group, different concentrations of PZH significantly decreased the expression level of IL-6 in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells (<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.05, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.05, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01).3) The result of RT-qPCR showed that the transcriptional levels of IL-1β(<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.001), IL-6(<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.001) and TNF-α(<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01) were significantly increased after the induction of LPS compared with normal controal group; different concentrations of PZH significantly inhibited the LPS-induced IL-1β(<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.05, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.001), IL-6(<italic>P</italic>&gt; 0.05, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.001) and TNF-α(<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.001) mRNA upregulation.4) The result of Western blot showed that PZH significantly inhibited the LPS-induced TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway activation, and decreased the protein expressions of TLR4(<italic>P</italic>&gt; 0.05, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.05, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.05), p-ERK1/2(<italic>P</italic>&gt; 0.05, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.05, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01), p-p38(<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.05, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01), COX-2(<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.001) and iNOS(<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01), but not p-JNK.Conclusion:PZH can significantly improve the LPS-induced neuro-inflammatory injury, which may be related to the inhibition of the activation of TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway.…”
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