The known unknowns of the Hsp90 chaperone by Laura-Marie Silbermann, Benjamin Vermeer, Sonja Schmid, Katarzyna Tych

“…After decades of research, several ‘known unknowns’ about the molecular function of Hsp90 remain unanswered, hampering rational drug design for the treatment of cancers, neurodegenerative, and other diseases. We highlight three fundamental open questions, reviewing the current state of the field for each, and discuss new opportunities, including single-molecule technologies, to answer the known unknowns of the Hsp90 chaperone.…”
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The Two-Tier Fecal Occult Blood Test: Cost-Effective Screening by Andrew J Rae, Iain GM Cleator

“…Due to the small number of cancers and polyps in the second arm of the study, presentation of data is meant to be descriptive and representative of trends in a ‘normal’ population. …”
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Unusual Pattern of Coeliac Trunk and Its Branches: A Cadaveric Study of Two Cases with its Embryological and Clinical Correlation by Ariyanachi KALIAPPAN, Rohini MOTWANI, Mrudula CHANDRUPATLA

“…It is essential to understand the coeliac trunk and the distinctions in its origin and branching pattern to perform efficient upper abdominal surgical and radiological procedures and to adopt novel interventional and treatment options for hepatic cancers. As anatomists, we are also attempting to link our study's variations to their embryological genesis.…”
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Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Level IV Thrombus: Contemporary Management with Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy by Abhishek Bhat, Bruno Nahar, Vivek Venkatramani, Indraneel Banerjee, Oleksandr N. Kryvenko, Dipen J. Parekh

“…Renal cell carcinoma, particularly the most common clear cell type, is one of the most aggressive of urological cancers with significant risk of metastatic spread. …”
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Acute Hepatitis Induced by Intravesical BCG Therapy: A Rare but Serious Complication by Hakima Abid, Mouna Figuigui, Sidi Adil Ibrahimi, Mohamed El Abkari, Mohamed Mzyiene, Soufiane Ennaciri, Ouima Justin Ziba, Mohamed Jamal El Fassi, Layla Tahiri Elousrouti, Laila Chbani

“…Bacillus Calmette and Guérin (BCG), widely used as a vaccination to prevent tuberculosis, is also used as immunotherapy, by intrabladder instillation, to treat superficial bladder cancers and prevent recurrence. Complications following instillation of BCG are most often localized reactions, such as cystitis or hematuria. …”
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Unconventional use of fiberoptic bronchoscope for Ryle’s tube insertion in a patient with advanced carcinoma of the base of the tongue by Abhishek Bharadwaj, Ananya Mishra, Arish Sadaf, Vikas Jain

“…Cancers of the head and neck, like the carcinoma base of tongue (BOT), can pose challenges to the insertion of a Ryle’s tube, thereby posing barriers in patient’s nutrition and health. …”
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The Central Roles of Noncoding RNA in Estrogen-Dependent Female Reproductive System Tumors by Jiajie Tu, Huan Yang, Lei Jiang, Yu Chen, Yu Chen, Zhe Li, Lei Li, Yuanyuan Zhang, Xiaochun Chen, He Chen, Zhiying Yu

“…The pathogenesis of ovarian and endometrial cancers is closely associated with estrogen-related pathways. …”
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The Complex Role of STAT3 in Viral Infections by Suresh V. Kuchipudi

“…In addition, STAT3 plays a key role in regulating host immune and inflammatory responses and in the pathogenesis of many cancers. Several studies reported differential regulation of STAT3 in a range of viral infections. …”
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A Case Report of Dramatically Increased Thyroglobulin after Lymph Node Biopsy in Thyroid Carcinoma after Total Thyroidectomy and Radioiodine by Mandana Moosavi, Stuart Kreisman

“…Thyroglobulin (Tg) is an important modality for monitoring patients with thyroid cancers, especially after thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine (RAI). …”
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Blastocyst-Derived Lactate as a Key Facilitator of Implantation by Kathryn H. Gurner, David K. Gardner

“…While historically perceived as a metabolic waste product, lactate serves as a signaling molecule which facilitates the invasion of surrounding tissues by cancers and promotes blood vessel formation during wound healing. …”
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The Emerging Role of Proteolysis in Mitochondrial Quality Control and the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease by Riya Shanbhag, Guang Shi, Jarungjit Rujiviphat, G. Angus McQuibban

“…Mitochondrial biology and dysfunction have recently been linked to different types of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Parkinson’s disease. …”
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STAT3 Expression and Its Correlation with PD-L1 Expression in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma at Dr. Saiful Anwar Regional Public Hospital in Malang, Indonesian Popul... by Ailen Oktaviana Hambalie, Eviana Norahmawati, Agustina Tri Endharti, Diah Prabawati Retnani, Nayla Rahmadiani

“…Lymphomas are malignant lymphocyte neoplasms that globally account for 10% of cancers in individuals aged <20 years. Malignant lymphomas are divided into Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). …”
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From the Guest Editors by Alberto d’Onofrio, Paola Cerrai, Alberto Gandolfi

“…A genuine explosion of data concerning themulti-faceted aspects of this family of phenomena collectively called cancers,is now becoming available. At the same time, it is becoming quite evident thattraditional tools from biostatistics and bioinformatics cannot manage thesedata. …”
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Application of adoptive cell therapy in malignant melanoma by Qianrong Hu, Jiangying Xuan, Lu Wang, Kangjie Shen, Zixu Gao, Yuhong Zhou, Chuanyuan Wei, Jianying Gu

“…Abstract Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers originating from skin pigment cells. Patients with advanced melanoma suffer a poor prognosis and generally cannot benefit well from surgical resection and chemo/target therapy due to metastasis and drug resistance. …”
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RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling in Malignant Melanoma Progression and Therapy by Ichiro Yajima, Mayuko Y. Kumasaka, Nguyen Dinh Thang, Yuji Goto, Kozue Takeda, Osamu Yamanoshita, Machiko Iida, Nobutaka Ohgami, Haruka Tamura, Yoshiyuki Kawamoto, Masashi Kato

“…Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the most serious skin cancers and is highly invasive and markedly resistant to conventional therapy. …”
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Renal Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding by Aadesh Rayamajhi, Saurav Agrawal, Sandesh Rayamajhi, Manoj Lamsal, Dinesh Koirala

“…Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a medical emergency with most common cause being peptic ulcer disease (PUD) or variceal bleeding. However, cancers that cause UGIB by invading the small intestine are uncommon, and the invasion of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) into the duodenum is an even rarer occurrence. …”
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Development and Validation of a Simple and Selective Analytical HPLC Method for the Quantification of Oxaliplatin by Breno Noronha Matos, Paula Martins de Oliveira, Thaiene Avila Reis, Taís Gratieri, Marcílio Cunha-Filho, Guilherme Martins Gelfuso

“…Such method will be essential during the future development of innovative, topical drug formulations for the treatment of mucosal and skin cancers. Validated method demonstrated OXPt separation without interference from the solvents or polymers with the most relevance for developing of bioadhesive pharmaceutical drug carries (chitosan and poloxamer). …”
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Citrus Flavonoid Effects on Obesity by Yu Wang, Laura E. Reuss

“…Obesity, a chronic disease that increases the risk for a myriad of diseases including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, as well as certain types of cancers, results from a persistent excess of energy intake versus energy expenditure and is characterized by an increase in both adipose cell size and number. …”
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Citrus Flavonoid Effects on Obesity by Yu Wang, Laura E. Reuss

“…Obesity, a chronic disease that increases the risk for a myriad of diseases including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, as well as certain types of cancers, results from a persistent excess of energy intake versus energy expenditure and is characterized by an increase in both adipose cell size and number. …”
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Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Current Treatments and Potential New Therapeutic Options with Emphasis on TfR1/CD71 by Rosalba Parenti, Lucia Salvatorelli, Gaetano Magro

“…Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human cancers. Actually, ATC is refractory to conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and radioiodine (131I) therapy. …”
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