An empirical definition of the role of education in business by A. A. Buimov, A. V. Glotko

“…The authors analysed data on Russian billionaires and found that one in three of them has a degree and only 3 % do not have a higher education, which is very different from the national average. …”
Get full text

The Chinese State, Incomplete Proletarianization and Structures of Inequality in Two Epochs by Wu Jieh-min, Mark Selden

“…We locate the discussion in relation to theories of original accumulation, proletarianization, wage stagnation, and low consumption in the emerging capitalist world economy of which China has been a part since the 1970s.2 We hope to add to that discussion by exploring a range of structures that have produced incomplete proletarianization and inequality during two periods of socialist transition (1950s to 1970) and capitalist transition (1970s to present).Following three decades during which China experienced the world’s most rapid growth, and in which billionaires emerged at a record rate in 2010, hundreds of millions of urban laborers, particularly the more than one hundred million migrant laborers, continue to receive not only a low but even a relatively declining share of the gross domestic product, leaving many at subsistence levels, with meager welfare benefits and bereft of basic citizenship rights.3 We use the term “laborers” to highlight the conditions of the laboring poor—rural migrant workers (nongmingong), farmers, the urban underclass, recently joined by redundant state-owned enterprise workers—examining their situation in relative as well as absolute terms. …”
Get full text