Author Response - Letter to the Editor Concerning: "An Interval Throwing Program for Baseball Pitchers Based upon Workload Data” by Michael M Reinold, Brittany Dowling, Glenn S. Fleisig, Leonard C. Macrina, Kevin E. Wilk, John T. Streepy, James R. Andrews

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The Management of Valgus Extension Overload Syndrome Experienced with Hitting in a High School Baseball Player: A Case Report by Andrew B Piraino, Brent M Davis

“… # Case Description A 15-year-old right-handed high school baseball catcher presented with a six-month history of right-sided ulnar elbow pain. …”
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Relationship Between Lumbar Locked Rotation, Trunk Rotation During Pitching, and Pitch Velocity in High School Baseball Players by Shun Okamura, Kai Iida

“… # Methods Fifteen healthy male high school students belonging to a baseball club were recruited for participation. The throwing side and non-throwing side LLR-t was performed using an inclinometer. …”
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Stride Length and Torso Biomechanics As They Relate To Medial Elbow Injuries In Adolescent Aged Baseball pitchers: A Clinical Commentary by Zachary Dietz, Dylan DeWeese, Neil Shaw, Cody Huth, Jacob Ball, Victoria Reeves, Ryan Monti, Ryan Bitzel

“…The purpose of this clinical commentary is to examine and summarize the role of torso biomechanics and stride length in relation to medial elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers. # Level of Evidence 5…”
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« Penser base-ball » by Peter Marquis

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Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players. by David T. Schilling, Ashraf M. Elazzazi

“… # Purpose The specific aims of this study were to describe baseball (BB) and softball (SB) players isometric strength measures and their performance on the CKCUEST; examine the relationships between strength and the CKCUEST; compare isometric strength measures of the throwing and non-throwing arms; and compare the strength and the CKCUEST measures between BB and SB players…”
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A Plague of Their Own: Injury Incidence Remains Elevated in the 2021 Major League Baseball Season Compared to Pre-COVID-19 Seasons by Brooks N Platt, Breanna M Sullivan, Shawn Dripchak, Timothy L Uhl, Aaron D Sciascia, William Kibler, Austin V Stone

“…# Background Significant increases in injuries were observed in the 2020 Major League Baseball (MLB) season; these were attributed to an increased acute to chronic workload due to the interrupted preseason and compressed season during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. …”
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The Relationship Between Hip Range of Motion and Pitching Kinematics Related to Increased Elbow Valgus Loads in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers: A Pilot Study by Giorgio Zeppieri Jr., Michelle L Bruner, Jon P Michelini, Kevin W Farmer

“…# Background Hip range of motion (ROM) during baseball pitching is associated with trunk rotation and shoulder kinematics, which has shown to influence medial elbow valgus loading and pitching performance. …”
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Hip Abduction Strength: Relationship to Trunk and Lower Extremity Motion During A Single-Leg Step-Down Task in Professional Baseball Players by M. Christopher Zipser, Hillary A Plummer, Nathan Kindstrand, Johnathan C Sum, Bernard Li, Lori A Michener

“… # Study Design Cross sectional, cohort study # Methods One hundred-eighteen Minor League baseball players (age=21.6 ± 2.0 years; n=68 pitchers, n=50 position players) participated. …”
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A Nation-Wide Survey of High School Baseball Coaches’ Perceptions Indicates their Arm Care Programs Play a Role in Injury Prevention by K A Matsel, E E Weiss, R J Butler, M C Hoch, P M Westgate, T R Malone, T L Uhl

“…There has been no investigation into high school baseball coaches’ usage and perceptions of arm care programs to mitigate physical impairments associated with injuries in baseball players…”
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Survey with Innovations to Increase Response Rate Reveals Low Compliance with Guidelines among Youth Baseball Coaches - Including a Survey of Differences between Cities - by Yoichi Kaizu, Yuki Oyama, Yamato Ishihara, Yusuke Honma

“… # Methods A questionnaire was developed for coaches of youth baseball teams in Gunma to assess knowledge of and compliance with the Japan Softball Baseball Association's recommendations for preventing injuries. …”
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The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder & Elbow Score used as a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for the Youth and High School Aged Baseball Athlete by Ryan Monti, Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez

“…However, this scale was initially created for the adult baseball athlete and has not been validated for younger male demographics…”
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The Reliability and Validity of a Novel Clinical Test for Assessing Shoulder Rotation ROM in Collegiate Baseball Players: Functional Assessment of System Tension of the Shoulder (FAST-SHDR) by Steven Dischiavi, Jesse Perry, Connor Burk, Jeremy Chiang, Chris Bleakley

“… # Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the intra-rater reliability of the FAST-SHDR test in young, healthy, male Division 1 baseball players. # Study Design Reliability and validity analysis # Methods A study with 49 healthy participants (31 collegiate baseball players, 18 controls) examined a sport specific shoulder rotation PROM test (FAST-SHDR) and compared this to the standard supine 90/90 shoulder in a single session assessment. …”
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Movement System Dysfunction Applied to Youth and Young Adult Throwing Athletes by Ashley E. Disantis, RobRoy Martin

“…Shoulder and elbow injuries in overhead athletes, especially baseball pitchers, have become more common and result in limited participation. …”
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Glenohumeral Instability and Arm Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes: A Correlational Study by Max Wardell, Doug Creighton, Carter Kovalcik

“…# Background The overhead activity of throwing a baseball is arguably the most demanding athletic endeavor placed on the glenohumeral (GH) joint. …”
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A Comparison of Pitching Biomechanics and Sport Specialization in High School Pitchers by Tyler J. Hamer, Adam B. Rosen, Samuel J. Wilkins, Kristen F. Nicholson, Garrett S. Bullock, Brian A. Knarr

“…# Background The prevalence of sport specialization in high school athletes continues to rise, particularly among baseball players. Previous research has focused on the incidence of injury among specialized and non-specialized athletes but has yet to examine the level of sport specialization and pitching biomechanics…”
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Athletic Shoulder Test Differences Exist Bilaterally in Healthy Pitchers by Aaron Trunt, Brandon T. Fisher, Lisa N. MacFadden

“…The Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test has been proposed as a reliable measure of shoulder strength, but has not yet been studied in baseball pitchers. # Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to establish values for healthy baseball pitchers performing the ASH test, compare those values with other common tests of shoulder strength and function, and compare ASH test performance bilaterally. …”
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Effects of Repetitive Pitching on Trunk Muscle Endurance and Thoracic and Shoulder Kinematics by Takuya Aso, Yoshinori Kagaya

“…# Background Baseball players are aware of the potential of shoulder problems due to repetitive throwing. …”
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Neurocognitive and Reactive Return to Play Testing Protocol in Overhead Athletes Following Upper Extremity Injury by Kevin E Wilk, Zachary M Thomas, Robert E Mangine, Paul Fuller, George J Davies

“…The incidence of upper extremity (UE) injuries in sport, particularly with the shoulder and elbow in baseball/softball players, appears to be increasing yearly, especially in younger age athletes. …”
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Ulnar Collateral Ligament Hybrid Reconstruction Surgery & Rehabilitation in the Overhead Athlete by Keith M Meister, Daniel Evans, Kevin E Wilk, Christopher A Arrigo

“…Injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), have become increasingly prevalent among overhead-throwing athletes, especially baseball pitchers. From 2011 to 2023, UCL injuries were the most common injury in Major League Baseball (MLB). …”
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