Structurally convergent antibodies derived from different vaccine strategies target the influenza virus HA anchor epitope with a subset of VH3 and VK3 genes by Ting-Hui Lin, Chang-Chun David Lee, Monica L. Fernández-Quintero, James A. Ferguson, Julianna Han, Xueyong Zhu, Wenli Yu, Jenna J. Guthmiller, Florian Krammer, Patrick C. Wilson, Andrew B. Ward, Ian A. Wilson

“…Abstract H1N1 influenza viruses are responsible for both seasonal and pandemic influenza. The continual antigenic shift and drift of these viruses highlight the urgent need for a universal influenza vaccine to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). …”
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Influenza A Virus and Influenza B Virus Can Induce Apoptosis via Intrinsic or Extrinsic Pathways and Also via NF-κB in a Time and Dose Dependent Manner by Ibrahim El-Sayed, Khalid Bassiouny, Aziz Nokaly, Ahmed S. Abdelghani, Wael Roshdy

“…Influenza viruses are able to cause annual epidemics and pandemics due to their mutation rates and reassortment capabilities leading to antigenic shifts and drifts. To identify host response to influenza A and B viruses on A549 and MDCK II cells at low and high MOIs, expressions of MxA and caspases 3, 8, and 9 and BAD, TNFα, and IκBα genes were measured in the cells supernatants. …”
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The problem of norovirus infection in animals (literature review) by V. А. Mischenko, A. V. Mischenko, T. B. Nikeshina, O. N. Petrova, Yu. V. Brovko, A. I. Kushlubaeva

“…The norovirus genome is prone to mutations, resulting in antigenic shifts and recombination, as well as the emergence and rapid spread of new epidemic and epizootic variants. …”
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