The effects and mechanisms of deep free trade agreements on agricultural global value chains by Huasheng Zeng, Shuyu Chen, Haoruo Zhang, Jinhai Xu

“…Clarifying how FTA depth affects a country’s AGVC participation is crucial for promoting high-quality agricultural development and deepening international agricultural cooperation.Methods and goalsThis paper constructs and calculates indicators for FTA depth and the AGVC index, employing fixed effects models, PPML models, and other methods, aiming to empirically analyze how the depth of FTAs influences a country’s participation in AGVC and the mechanisms involved.ResultsThe findings indicate that an increase in FTA depth enhances a country’s degree of participation and position within the AGVC. Both the ‘WTO+’ and ‘WTO-X’ provision depth indices exert a significant positive influence on increasing participation and position within the AGVC, with the ‘WTO-X’ provision depth index demonstrating a more pronounced effect than the ‘WTO+’ provision. …”
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Food Safety Issues in International Trade by Ronald H. Schmidt, Robert P. Bates, Douglas L. Archer, Keith R. Schneider

“… With the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, specific principles and rules were conceived. …”
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Food Safety Issues in International Trade by Ronald H. Schmidt, Robert P. Bates, Douglas L. Archer, Keith R. Schneider

“… With the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, specific principles and rules were conceived. …”
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DÜNYA TİCARET ÖRGÜTÜ’NÜN SON DÖNEMLERDEKİ UYGULAMALARININ TÜRKİYE’YE ETKİLERİ by Hamza Çeştepe

“…Bu çalışmada, Dünya Ticaret Örgütü’nün (WTO) tarım ve tekstil sektörlerinde son dönemlerde uygulamaya koyduğu iki kararın bu sektörlerin ekonomideki ağırlıklarının oldukça yüksek olduğu Türkiye üzerine muhtemel etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. …”
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The Political Economy of Environmental Goods and Services: An Economic Nationalist Perspective by Oscar Ugalde Hernández

“… Since the launch of the Doha Development Round in 2001 and its subsequent Ministerial Declaration, the call has been made to member countries of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to develop negotiations to reduce or eliminate tariff and non-tariff barriers to environmental goods and services. …”
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Indonesia-US Trade Barrier: A Study on the Halal Certification of Imported Chicken Leg Quarters by Akim Akim, Arfin Sudirman, Januar Aditya Pratama

“…This study discussed the background of Indonesia's non-tariff trade barrier implementation against imports of chicken legs from the United States (US) through halal certification. As WTO members, the two countries are bound by the rules and agreements of the WTO, one of which is trade liberalization related to the elimination of various kinds of trade barrier including non-tariff trade barrier such as halal certification. …”
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World, U.S. and Florida Avocado Situation and Outlook by Edward Evans, Sikavas Nalampang

“…The analysis covers the post-WTO (World Trade Organization) implementation period from 1996 to 2005. …”
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World, U.S. and Florida Avocado Situation and Outlook by Edward Evans, Sikavas Nalampang

“…The analysis covers the post-WTO (World Trade Organization) implementation period from 1996 to 2005. …”
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EU Plans for a CO2 Border Adjustment by Fritz Söllner

“…The mechanism is not compatible with WTO principles and will cause trade conflicts from which Germany, due to its high export surpluses, will suffer most. …”
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Modernization of the education system within the context of Russia’ accession to world trade organization by O. I. Seliverstova

“…The article is devoted to the assessment of the influence of Russia’s entry to WTO on the sphere of educational services. The author analyzes the specific commitments of the Russian Federation related to incurrence on the General Agreement on Trade in Services during the reform of education legislation. …”
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Autarky and Openness — Reflections on the Optimal Balance of an Open Economy by Thieß Petersen, Marcus Wortmann

“…Abstract Following a surge in globalisation in the wake of the fall of the Iron Curtain and China joining the WTO, the international division of labour has been increasingly characterised by protectionist tendencies in recent years. …”
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Cooperative Carbon Alliances: Defining an Agenda for Global Industrial Decarbonisation by Aylin Shawkat, Oliver Sartor

“…Abstract There have been several recent proposals for cooperative climate alliances, from the OECD, the IMF, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the German Government, and others. The “Climate Club” concept comprises many different possible regimes and intents. …”
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Development Model of China’s Regional Economic Cooperation Based on Network Analysis and Multimedia Data Visualization by Feng Du

“…Through the results, it can be seen that, after China’s accession to the WTO, the industrial location coefficient shows a downward trend, and the change of economic differences is slow.…”
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China as a Market Economy After 2016: A Brazilian Perspective by Lucas Biasetton, Alberto do Amaral Júnior

“…Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze the recognition of China as a market economy in the context of the Brazilian investigations into trade remedies after 2016 when a clause of China’s protocol of accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) expired. Although the interpretation of the Brazilian authority is now clear (a case-by-case evaluation of the sectors under analysis), some aspects of these applications should be further discussed. …”
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Os movimentos sociais na crise financeira global: questões e polêmicas by Leonardo de Araújo e Mota

“…In the 1990s, anti-globalization movements began contesting the effects of neoliberal policies and their social consequences, organizing several protests in Seattle (1999), Genoa (2001), New York (2002), targeting institutions such as the G-8 group or the World Trade Organization (WTO). After the financial crisis of 2008 in the United States, other social movements of resistance to capitalism began to protest in the streets of the U.S. and Europe, among which are the Indignados (Spain), Occupy Wall Street (USA) and Geração à Rasca (Portugal). …”
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Istota protekcjonizmu w dziewiętnastym wieku oraz współcześnie by Katarzyna Kłosowicz-Toborek

“…Pomimo działalności WTO idea protekcjonizmu jest wciąż aktualna. Większość państw oficjalnie opowiada się za liberalizmem, a przy tym ogranicza wymianę handlową. …”
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Pathology of marketing program of the Export Development Bank of Iran using three-ramification model by Moahammadreza Rahimi, Ali Salmasnia

“…On one hand the presence of Iran as an observer in the WTO, and on the other hand the development of private banks, encounter the Iranian banks with a much more competitive environment. …”
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Transformation of the EU Foreign Economic Policy in the Contemporary Scientific Literature by Alexandra I. Mochalova

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The Tariff Liberalisation Policy Nexus with Non-Tariff Measures: Panel Model Evidence in the SA–EU Fruit Products Trade by Chiedza L. Muchopa

“…It also incorporates a variable to capture non-tariff measures based on the data from the WTO I-TIP database. The findings indicate a positive relationship between quota size and exports, further showing that for a given quota size, the increase in exports is small in the presence of non-tariff measures. …”
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Development and Operation of the Dalian Cruise Port in China by Lina Gong

“…A total of 20 cities along the coast of mainland China have built or planned to build cruise terminals. According to WTO estimates, China will gradually become the world's largest source country of cruise passengers and cruise travel consumers in the future. …”
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