Recent advances in the application of Mendelian randomization to chronic kidney disease by Chaofan Wen, Lanlan Chen, Dan Jia, Ziqi Liu, Yidan Lin, Guan Liu, Shuo Zhang, Baoshan Gao

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GADD45β Determines Chemoresistance and Invasive Growth of Side Population Cells of Human Embryonic Carcinoma by Toshihiko Inowa, Keiichi Hishikawa, Yumi Matsuzaki, Takayuki Isagawa, Takumi Takeuchi, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Tadaichi Kitamura, Toshiro Fujita

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Two rare cases of primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra: clinical experience, case report and literature review by Bohao Jiang, Jiyuan Hu, Benqiao Wang, Xujia Liu, Ling Tong, Yitong Xu, Hao Zhang

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Disparities in surgical treatments for stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence: Evidence from the 2019 National Ambulatory Surgery Sample (NASS) by Christabel Egemba, Edie Duncan, Katherine Amin, Alan Wein, Alberto J. Caban-Martinez, Raveen Syan

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Expression of Neutral Endopeptidase, Endothelin-1, and Nuclear Factor Kappa B in Prostate Cancer: Interrelations and Associations with Prostate-Specific Antigen Recurrence after R... by Panagiotis J. Vlachostergios, Foteini Karasavvidou, Grigorios Kakkas, George Moutzouris, Anna Patrikidou, Ioannis A. Voutsadakis, Danai D. Daliani, Elias Zintzaras, Michael D. Melekos, Christos N. Papandreou

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Comparison of robotic-assisted and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy based on the PADUA score and the predictive value of the PADUA score and the Mayo Adhesive Probability score for... by Shuo Liu, Bowen Zhang, Bowen Weng, Xiangqiang Liu, Sichuan Hou

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A Phase I/II Study of Ultra-Hypofractionated Carbon-ion Radiation therapy for Low- and Intermediate-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer by Noriyuki Okonogi, MD, PhD, Hiroshi Tsuji, MD, PhD, Kana Kobayashi, MD, PhD, Mio Nakajima, MD, PhD, Shuri Aoki, MD, PhD, Takanobu Utsumi, MD, PhD, Hiroyoshi Suzuki, MD, PhD, Koichiro Akakura, MD, PhD, Tomohiko Ichikawa, MD, PhD, Hitoshi Ishikawa, MD, PhD

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Evaluation of efficacy and safety of generic tacrolimus (Suprotac®) compared to reference tacrolimus (Prograf^®) in kidney transplantation: a phase IV study by Behzad Einollahi, Mohsen Nafar, Mohammad Javanbakht, Amirhesam Alirezaei, Jalal Azmandian, Abbas Etminan, Mohammad Reza Ardalan, Jalal Etemadi, Roghayeh Akbari, Vahid Pourfarziani, Seyed Sadraddin Rasi Hashemi, Seyed Maryam Rahbar, Shahrzad Shahidi, Javid Safa, Hamid Tayyebi Khosroshahi, Sima Abedi Azar, Shahrzad Ossareh, Abdolamir Atapour, Bahareh Marghoob, Fatemeh Nazemian, Hamidreza Kafi, Araz Sabzvari

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Premalignant Lesions in the Kidney by Ziva Kirkali, Kutsal Yorukoglu

“…Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most malignant urologic disease. Different lesions, such as dysplasia in the tubules adjacent to RCC, atypical hyperplasia in the cyst epithelium of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, and adenoma have been described for a number of years as possible premalignant changes or precursor lesions of RCC. …”
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Anaesthesia and the Acute Phase Protein Response in Children Undergoing Circumcision by Unase Buyukkocak, Fatma Caglayan, Osman Caglayan, Murat Basar, Murat Cakmak, Ertan Batislam, Sevgi Ulusoy

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The Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Urolithiasis by Yee V. Wong, Paul Cook, Bhaskar K. Somani

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Outcomes of Extravesical Versus Intravesical Ureteral Reimplantation by Leah P. McMann, Byron D. Joyner

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Retained Intraabdominal Gossypiboma, Five Years after Bilateral Orchiopexy by Mohammad Kazem Moslemi, Mehdi Abedinzadeh

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Donor-Recipient Size Mismatch in Paediatric Renal Transplantation by J. Donati-Bourne, H. W. Roberts, R. A. Coleman

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Absent Ureteral Efflux after Hysterectomy Leads to Diagnosis of Ureteral Atresia with Renal Atrophy by Olga Mutter, Ekaterina Grebenyuk, Arleen Ayala-Crespo, Kevin Yang

“…When an abnormality is seen on cystoscopy following gynecologic surgery, it is important to maintain a broad differential diagnosis and to pursue an intraoperative workup with early involvement and close collaboration with urology.…”
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Malignant Melanoma of the Urethra: A Rare Histologic Subdivision of Vulvar Cancer with a Poor Prognosis by Veronika Günther, I. Alkatout, C. Lez, S. Altarac, R. Fures, H. Cupic, Z. Persec, Z. Hrgovic, C. Mundhenke

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The Extent of Lymphadenectomy at the Time of Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer and its Impact on Prognosis and Survival by David Y. Josephson, John P. Stein

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The role of ultrasound combined with water bath in the establishment of animal models of rat urethral stricture by Xiaojian Ye, Xianjing Lin, Yehui Chen, Rongquan Xu, Jiawei Zhou

“…Urethral stricture presents a complex challenge in urology, often requiring invasive treatment modalities. …”
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MR Imaging of Prostate Cancer: Diffusion Weighted Imaging and (3D) Hydrogen 1 (1H) MR Spectroscopy in Comparison with Histology by J. Yamamura, G. Salomon, R. Buchert, A. Hohenstein, J. Graessner, H. Huland, M. Graefen, G. Adam, U. Wedegaetner

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Post‐operative incidence of lymphedema after RARP with or without extended pelvic lymph node dissection in a cohort study by Andries Clinckaert, Laura Ysenbaardt, Annabel Bijnens, Charlotte Van Calster, Inge Geraerts, Steven Joniau, Nele Devoogdt, Luc Bijnens, Wouter Everaerts

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