Visceral Leishmaniasis in a UK Toddler following a Short Trip to a Popular Holiday Destination in Spain by Neda Minakaran, Talha Soorma, Shamez N. Ladhani

“…We herein present the case of a 15-month-old with visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed in the UK following a short trip to a popular holiday destination in Spain. …”
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Access to weight reduction interventions for overweight and obese patients in UK primary care: population-based cohort study by Martin C Gulliford, A Toby Prevost, Helen P Booth

“…Objectives To investigate access to weight management interventions for overweight and obese patients in primary care.Setting UK primary care electronic health records.Participants A cohort of 91 413 overweight and obese patients aged 30–100 years was sampled from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). …”
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UK multiple sclerosis risk-sharing scheme: a new natural history dataset and an improved Markov model by Jacqueline Palace, Martin Duddy, Thomas Bregenzer, Mike Boggild, Joel Oger, Helen Tremlett, Charles Dobson, Fheng Zhu

“…The UK Risk-sharing Scheme (RSS) was established to ensure cost-effective provision by prospectively collecting disability-related data from UK-treated patients with MS and comparing findings to a natural history (untreated) cohort. …”
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Cardiovascular risk burden, dementia risk and brain structural imaging markers: a study from UK Biobank by Ting Li, Jing Chen, Yan Zheng, Klodian Dhana, Geng Zong, Yuan Ma, Trudy Voortman, Wei Gan, Yaying Cao, Yonghua Hu, Changzheng Yuan, Jie Shen, Gaohong Zhu, Chengwu Feng

“…Background Cardiovascular risk burden is associated with dementia risk and neurodegeneration-related brain structure, while the role of genetics and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear.Aims To examine the association of overall cardiovascular risk burden with the risk of major dementia subtypes and volumes of related brain regions in a large sample, and to explore the role of genetics and CVD onset.Methods A prospective study among 354 654 participants free of CVD and dementia (2006–2010, mean age 56.4 years) was conducted within the UK Biobank, with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement available for 15 104 participants since 2014. …”
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Comparative, cross-sectional study of the format, content and timing of medication safety letters issued in Canada, the USA and the UK by Jeremy M Grimshaw, Margaret C Watson, Lise M Bjerre, Matthew Hogel, Cody D Black, Simon Parlow, David de Launay, Donald R Mattison

“…Objectives To assess consistency in the format and content, and overlap of subject and timing, of medication safety letters issued by regulatory health authorities to healthcare providers in Canada, the USA and the UK.Design A cross-sectional study comparing medication safety letters issued for the purpose of alerting healthcare providers to newly identified medication problems associated with medications already on the market.Setting Online databases operated by Health Canada, the US Food and Drug Administration and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency were searched to select medication safety letters issued between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014. …”
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Challenges for funders in monitoring compliance with policies on clinical trials registration and reporting: analysis of funding and registry data in the UK by Rachel L Knowles, Frances Rawle, Kam Pou Ha, Julia Mueller, Rosa Parker

“…Objectives To evaluate compliance by researchers with funder requirements on clinical trial transparency, including identifying key areas for improvement; to assess the completeness, accuracy and suitability for annual compliance monitoring of the data routinely collected by a research funding body.Design Descriptive analysis of clinical trials funded between February 2011 and January 2017 against funder policy requirements.Setting Public medical research funding body in the UK.Data sources Relevant clinical trials were identified from grant application details, post-award grant monitoring systems and the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry.Main outcome measure The proportion of all Medical Research Council (MRC)-funded clinical trials that were (a) registered in a clinical trial registry and (b) publicly reported summary results within 2 years of completion.Results There were 175 grants awarded that included a clinical trial and all trials were registered in a public trials registry. …”
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The feasibility of a novel national quality improvement programme for tobacco dependency treatment pathways in acute UK hospitals by Robyn Fletcher, Alexander Hammant, Christina Moll, Miguel Souto, Sanjay Agrawal

“…Introduction: The prevalence of smoking remains stubbornly high in the UK despite comprehensive tobacco control measures. …”
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The association between recent stressful life events and brain structure: a UK Biobank longitudinal MRI study by Cheryl R.Z. See, Annabel X. Tan, Lucia R. Valmaggia, Matthew J. Kempton

“…Methods The current study uses longitudinal data from the UK Biobank and comprises 4,543 participants with structural neuroimaging and recent SLE data (mean age = 61.5 years). …”
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Barriers and facilitators to implementation of non-medical independent prescribing in primary care in the UK: a qualitative systematic review by Nicola Carey, Judith Edwards, Melaine Coward

“…Objectives To support workforce deficits and rising demand for medicines, independent prescribing (IP) by nurses, pharmacists and allied health professionals is a key component of workforce transformation in UK healthcare. This systematic review of qualitative research studies used a thematic synthesis approach to explore stakeholders’ views on IP in primary care and identify barriers and facilitators influencing implementation.Setting UK primary/community care.Participants Inclusion criteria were UK qualitative studies of any design, published in the English language. …”
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Community perspectives regarding brain-computer interfaces: A cross-sectional study of community-dwelling adults in the UK. by Austen El-Osta, Mahmoud Al Ammouri, Shujhat Khan, Sami Altalib, Manisha Karki, Eva Riboli-Sasco, Azeem Majeed

“…However, despite the rapid progress in BCI technology and social media discussions around Neuralink, public perceptions and ethical considerations concerning BCIs-particularly within community settings in the UK-have not been thoroughly investigated.<h4>Objective</h4>The primary aim of this study was to investigate public knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding BCIs including ethical considerations. …”
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Cost–consequence analysis of COPD treatment according to NICE and GOLD recommendations compared with current clinical practice in the UK by Jennifer K Quint, Helene Vioix, Toby Capstick, Sue Langham, Jennifer Cook, Antony Wright, Shamika de Silva

“…Objectives The objective of this study was to model the clinical and economic impact of adapting current clinical practice in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to treatment according to national and international guideline recommendations.Design Treatment mapping was undertaken to hypothetically redistribute patients from current clinical practice, representing actual prescribing patterns in the UK, to an alternative recommendation-based treatment scenario, representing prescribing in accordance with either National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance [NG115] or Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2020 strategy.Setting Primary care practices in the UK (1-year time horizon).Participants Adults with COPD undergoing long-acting inhaler maintenance therapy in the UK (N=1 067,531).Interventions Inhaler maintenance therapy.Outcome measures Costs and clinical outcomes (type of treatment, rates of moderate and/or severe exacerbations, and mild-to-moderate and/or severe pneumonia events) were modelled for the two alternative pathways.Results Compared with current clinical practice, treating patients according to NICE guidance resulted in an estimated annual reduction in expenditure of £46.9 million, and an estimated annual reduction in expenditure of over £43.7 million when patients were treated according to GOLD 2020 strategy. …”
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Associations between physical activities and self-harm behaviour in depression across the genotype: findings from the UK biobank by Jaegyun Jung, Sangyeon Lee, Jeong Ho Lee, Doheon Lee

“…Method We developed the bidirectional analytical model to investigate the genotype-specific effectiveness on UK Biobank. After the genetic stratification of the depression phenotype cohort using hierarchical clustering, multivariable logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards models were built to investigate the associations between physical activity and the risk of self-harm behaviour. …”
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Eating disorders in minority ethnic populations in Australia, Canada, Aotearoa New Zealand and the UK: a scoping review by A. Williams-Ridgway, R. McGowan, S. McNeil, H. Tuomainen

“…Results The majority of identified studies were conducted in the UK (61%, 53 studies). There was a notable lack of studies investigating assessment, diagnosis and intervention. …”
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Exome sequencing of UK birth cohorts [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] by Petr Danecek, Amy Hough, John Wright, Karen Ho, Nicholas J. Timpson, Sarah J. Lindsay, Davide Bonfanti, Daniel S. Malawsky, Rafaq Azad, Deborah Plowman, Sara Widaa, Gemma Shireby, Emla Fitzsimons, David Bann, Matthew E. Hurles, Hilary C. Martin, Susan M. Ring, Dan Mason, Michael A. Quail, Wei Huang, Vivek Iyer, Mahmoud Koko, Iaroslav Popov, Laurie Fabian, Gennadii Zakharov, Ruth Y. Eberhardt, Emma E. Wade, Qin Qin Huang

“…Here we present quality-controlled whole exome sequencing data from three UK birth cohorts: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (8,436 children and 3,215 parents), the Millenium Cohort Study (7,667 children and 6,925 parents) and Born in Bradford (8,784 children and 2,875 parents). …”
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How do events shape the media agenda on Islam and Muslims in Western Europe? An analysis of news events in Germany, the UK and France (2000–2020) by Liriam Sponholz, Anna-Maria Meuth

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Associations of Abnormal Sleep Duration and Chronotype with Higher Risk of Incident Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study by Gan Zhang, Wen Cao, Zhuoya Wang, Kailin Xia, Binbin Deng, Dongsheng Fan

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Habitual sleep duration, healthy eating, and digestive system cancer mortality by Diana A. Nôga, Elisa M. S. Meth, André P. Pacheco, Jonathan Cedernaes, Pei Xue, Christian Benedict

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Enhancing laboratory education through collaborative online international learning: A case study between USA and UK students by Matthew Allan Jones, Pika Miklavc, MaryAnne Stewart

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Clinical code usage in UK general practice: a cohort study exploring 18 conditions over 14 years by Christos Grigoroglou, Darren M Ashcroft, Evangelos Kontopantelis, David Reeves, Salwa S Zghebi, Rosa Parisi, Brian McMillan

“…Objective To assess the diagnostic Read code usage for 18 conditions by examining their frequency and diversity in UK primary care between 2000 and 2013.Design Population-based cohort studySetting 684 UK general practices contributing data to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD.Participants Patients with clinical codes for at least one of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension (HT), coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure, stroke, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, learning disability (LD), depression, dementia, epilepsy, severe mental illness (SMI), osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and cancer.Primary and secondary outcome measures For the frequency ranking of clinical codes, canonical correlation analysis was applied to correlations of clinical code usage of 1, 3 and 5 years. …”
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COVID-19 health information needs of older adults from ethnic minority groups in the UK: a qualitative study by Jackie A Cassell, Laura J Hughes, Elizabeth Ford, Priyamvada Paudyal, Kavian Kulasabanathan, Jo Armes, Rebecca Sharp, Saliha Majeed-Hajaj, Emily Skinner, Naresh Khapangi Magar, Debbie Isobel Keeling

“…Objective This study aimed to identify the COVID-19 health information needs of older adults from ethnic minority groups in the UK.Study design A qualitative study using semistructured interviews.Setting and participants Indian and Nepalese older adults (≥65 years), their families (≥18 years) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) (≥18 years) engaging with these communities. …”
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