Inflammasomes, Autophagy, and Cell Death: The Trinity of Innate Host Defense against Intracellular Bacteria by Teresa Krakauer

“…Contrasting evasion strategies used by B. pseudomallei, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Legionella pneumophila to avoid and dampen these innate immune responses will be discussed.…”
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Viability Reagent, PrestoBlue, in Comparison with Other Available Reagents, Utilized in Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Assays by Namrita Lall, Cynthia Joan Henley-Smith, Marco Nuno De Canha, Carel Basson Oosthuizen, Danielle Berrington

“…The growth indicator reagents include p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (INT), PrestoBlue, and Alamar Blue which were used for antimicrobial analysis against Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia, Propionibacterium acnes, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PrestoBlue and Alamar Blue are resazurin based reagents that resulted in a quick and easily distinguishable colour change that allowed for visual readings. …”
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Self-administration of augmentation therapy for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency by A. Vianello, S. Lococo, L. Corda, M. Torrazza, G. Zuccarini, P. Baderna, F. Cinetto, E. Bargagli, P. Confalonieri, S. Sanduzzi Zamparelli, L. Bertagna De Marchi, B. Molena, F. Lionello, M. Caminati, G. Guarnieri

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Perbandingan Profil Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru antara Perokok dan Non Perokok di Poliklinik Paru RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang by Cantika Dinia Zulda, Rizanda Machmud, Irvan Medison

“…Salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat menurunkan daya tahan tubuh terhadap bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis adalah faktor merokok. Menurut Public Health Agency of Canada terdapat hubungan yang erat antara merokok dengan TB. …”
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Survey on the Status and Training Demands of Capabilities for Diagnosing and Treating Common Diseases of Primary Care General Practitioners in Hunan Province by LI Lingqi, GAO Yinyan, ZHANG Yuqin, SUN Dingkui, WU Xinyin, ZHANG Weiru

“…The results show that 75.1% (253/337) of participants consider themselves competent in the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases; 16.6% (56/337) of participants reported a lack of competence in certain diseases, with the top six including depression[89.3% (50/56) ], stress incontinence[69.6% (39/56) ], dementia[66.1% (37/56) ], stroke[53.6% (30/56) ], co-morbidities[51.8% (29/56) ]and tuberculosis[46.4% (26/56) ]. These findings consistent between community and township respondents. …”
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Challenges in diagnosis and treatment of cushing disease in a 12-year-old boy. Case report by Agim Gjikopulli, Sonila Tomori, Marjeta Tanka, Donjeta Bali

“…An ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome was suspected together with neuroendocrine neoplasia (carcinoid tumor) as a thoracic CT showed a nodular lesion with regular-lobulated sharp contours in the lower lobe of the right lobe resulted in pulmonary tuberculosis granuloma. Even imaging failed to identify the ACTHsecreting microadenoma; the decisive examination was an intervention to collect samples from the inferior petrosal sinus during the CRH test, which found a left-side ACTH-secreting focus. …”
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Pelvic Actinomycosis by Alejandra García-García, Ninfa Ramírez-Durán, Horacio Sandoval-Trujillo, María del Socorro Romero-Figueroa

“…Its symptomatology imitates some malignant pelvic tumours, tuberculosis, or nocardiosis, causing abscesses and fistulas. …”
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Mycobacteria in Terrestrial Small Mammals on Cattle Farms in Tanzania by Lies Durnez, Abdul Katakweba, Harrison Sadiki, Charles R. Katholi, Rudovick R. Kazwala, Robert R. Machang'u, Françoise Portaels, Herwig Leirs

“…The control of bovine tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterioses in cattle in developing countries is important but difficult because of the existence of wildlife reservoirs. …”
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Clinical Presentation and Magnetic Resonance Findings in Sellar Tuberculomas by Dulce Bonifacio-Delgadillo, Yolanda Aburto-Murrieta, Citlaltepetl Salinas-Lara, Julio Sotelo, Ivonne Montes-Mojarro, Arturo Garcia-Marquez

“…The tuberculous infection of the pituitary gland and sellar region is characterized by the presence of an acute or chronic inflammatory reaction and may occur in the absence of systemic tuberculosis. The diagnosis is difficult prior to the surgery. …”
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Differentially Expressed Genes Study Shown Potential for BCG Stimulation in Reducing the Severity of COVID-19 by Irandi Putra Pratomo, Aryo Tedjo, Dimas R Noor, Wisnu Ananta Kusuma

“…The incidence of COVID-19 infection and death is known to be lower in tuberculosis (TB) endemic countries than in nonendemic countries. …”
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Incidental Finding of Nocardia: A Case Series from a Tertiary Care Centre in Uttarakhand by Aroop Mohanty, Suneeta Meena, Subodh Pandey Kumar, Puneet Kumar Gupta, Neelam Kaistha, Pratima Gupta, Mithilesh Kumar Jha, Sasi Rekha

“…The most common conditions causing immunosuppression were type II DM, COPD, and pulmonary tuberculosis.…”
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Endometriosis-Associated Massive Ascites in an Asian Woman: A Case Report of a Rare Clinical Entity by Nuntasiri Eamudomkarn, Naratassapol Likitdee, Pilaiwan Kleebkaow, Chumnan Kietpeerakool

“…Abdominal paracentesis was performed to yield fluid samples for evaluation, which revealed no malignant cells, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was negative for tuberculosis. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy which revealed a large amount of serosanguinous ascites, thickened matted bowel loops, and necrotic debris covering the entire surface of the peritoneum and visceral organs. …”
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The Value of Routine Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Intraocular Fluid Specimens in the Diagnosis of Infectious Posterior Uveitis by Marius A. Scheepers, Karin A. Lecuona, Graeme Rogers, Catey Bunce, Craig Corcoran, Michel Michaelides

“…PCR analysis was performed for cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, Toxoplasma gondii, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results. PCR analysis confirmed the initial clinical diagnosis in 55 patients (35%) and altered the initial clinical diagnosis in 36 patients (23%). …”
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Cat Scratch Disease: A Diagnostic Challenge in Cervical Lymphadenopathy by Bipin Kishore Prasad, Yamuna Ranganathan, Gunjan Dwivedi, Devika Gupta

“…Conclusion: While ruling out tuberculosis, Epstein Barr-Virus infection, acute bacterial lymphadenitis or malignant disease, Cat Scratch Disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathies in head-neck region so that possibility of antibiotic abuse, an unnecessary biopsy, long term antitubercular drug therapy or even surgical treatment may be avoided. …”
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Mycobacterium bovis: A Model Pathogen at the Interface of Livestock, Wildlife, and Humans by Mitchell V. Palmer, Tyler C. Thacker, W. Ray Waters, Christian Gortázar, Leigh A. L. Corner

“…Today, reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of tuberculosis in animals, and sometimes humans, exist in a range of countries and wild animal populations. …”
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Salicylanilide Diethyl Phosphates as Potential Inhibitors of Some Mycobacterial Enzymes by Martin Krátký, Eva Novotná, Shalini Saxena, Perumal Yogeeswari, Dharmarajan Sriram, Markéta Švarcová, Jarmila Vinšová

“…The enzymes are related to the nongrowing state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Salicylanilide diethyl phosphates represent new candidates with significant inhibitory activity especially against L-alanine dehydrogenase. …”
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Expression and Secretion of CXCL-8 and CXCL-10 From <emph>Mycobacterium Bovis</emph> BCG-Infected Human Epithelial Cells: Role of IL-4

“…Interleukin(IL)-4 is one of the cytokines that are the hallmark of the Th-2 response, and plays an important role in human tuberculosis. In the current study, we investigated the effect of IL-4 on chemokine production by human epithelial cells infected with <emph>Mycobacterium bovis</emph> bacillus calmette-guérin (BCG). …”
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The Utility of Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases—Report of Three Cases by Mauro Ajaj Saieg, Felipe Yazawa, Manuela Horta, Lucio G. Rossini, Mabel Tatty Medeiros Fracassi, Fabíola Del Carlo Bernardi

“…In the current report, we present three different cases where EUS was essential for reaching the diagnosis of tuberculosis and paracoccidiodomicosis in cases otherwise seen as malignant. …”
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Amelioration of Nephrotoxicity in Mice Induced by Antituberculosis Drugs Using Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman Corm Extract by Abebe Dukessa Dubiwak, Urge Gerema, Daba Abdisa, Ebsa Tofik, Wondu Reta

“…Antituberculosis drugs are antimicrobial agents important for treating a communicable disease called tuberculosis. Despite their importance, antituberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin have severe adverse effects like nephrotoxicity with acute renal failures. …”
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Portuguese consensus on first line treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis with a non-TNF inhibitor therapy – a delphi methodology by Tiago Torres, Sofia Magina, Maria João Paiva Lopes

“…Several risks associated with latent tuberculosis, advanced age and oncological disease were also evaluated.Conclusion Given the existence of various risks associated with TNFi usage, this clinical perspective overview of Portuguese experts in PsO treatment emphasizes the need for a tailored therapeutic framework in the management of PsO.…”
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