Toll-Like Receptor 9 Promotes Cardiac Inflammation and Heart Failure during Polymicrobial Sepsis by Ralph Lohner, Markus Schwederski, Carolin Narath, Johanna Klein, Georg D. Duerr, Alexandra Torno, Pascal Knuefermann, Andreas Hoeft, Georg Baumgarten, Rainer Meyer, Olaf Boehm

“…Aim was to elucidate the role of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in cardiac inflammation and septic heart failure in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis. …”
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Toll-Like Receptor 9 Promotes Survival in SERCA2a KO Heart Failure Mice by Yangchen Dhondup, Ivar Sjaastad, Øystein Sandanger, Jan Magnus Aronsen, Muhammad Shakil Ahmed, Håvard Attramadal, Alexandra Vanessa Finsen, Lili Zhang, Trine Ranheim, Katrine Alfsnes, Pål Aukrust, Geir Christensen, Arne Yndestad, Leif Erik Vinge

“…The role of the immune receptor toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in HF is not understood and not investigated in diastolic HF. …”
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Different Pathological Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 9 on Mucosal B Cells and Dendritic Cells in Murine IgA Nephropathy by Tadahiro Kajiyama, Yusuke Suzuki, Masao Kihara, Hitoshi Suzuki, Satoshi Horikoshi, Yasuhiko Tomino

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Correlation of Surface Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression with IL-17 Production in Neutrophils during Septic Peritonitis in Mice Induced by E. coli by Yunjia Ren, Li Hua, Xiuping Meng, Yue Xiao, Xu Hao, Sheng Guo, Peiyan Zhao, Luowei Wang, Boqi Dong, Yongli Yu, Liying Wang

“…Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the first line of defense in bacterial infection and express surface Toll-like receptor 9 (sTLR9). To study the relationship of sTLR9 and IL-17 in PMNs during bacterial infection, we infected mice with E. coli intraperitoneally to establish a septic peritonitis model for studying the PMNs response in peritoneal cavity. …”
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Immunostimulatory Effects of Guanine-Quadruplex Topologies as Scaffolds for CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides by Soumitra Pathak, Nguyen Bui Thao Le, Taiji Oyama, Yusuke Odahara, Atsuya Momotake, Kazunori Ikebukuro, Chiho Kataoka-Hamai, Chiaki Yoshikawa, Kohsaku Kawakami, Yoshihisa Kaizuka, Tomohiko Yamazaki

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Comparative In Vitro Immune Stimulation Analysis of Primary Human B Cells and B Cell Lines by Kristien Van Belle, Jean Herman, Louis Boon, Mark Waer, Ben Sprangers, Thierry Louat

“…Primary polyclonal human B cells underwent in vitro stimulation and their proliferation, production of immunoglobulins (Igs) and of cytokines, and expression of cell surface molecules were analysed using various stimuli. ODN2006, a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, was the most potent general B cell stimulus. …”
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Genetic Selection Pressure on TLR9 Gene Increases Individual Susceptibility to Systemic Inflammatory Disease: A Case Study of Kano State Population by Yusuf Jibril Habib, Mohammed Sani Jaafaru

“…Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) may recognize and generate an immunological response to DNA double-strand; therefore, its link with experimental and serological lupus symptoms must be investigated. …”
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B Cell Responses to CpG Correlate with CXCL16 Expression Levels in Common Variable Immunodeficiency by Vassilios Lougaris, Manuela Baronio, Massimiliano Vitali, Giacomo Tampella, Annarosa Soresina, Raffaele Badolato, Alessandro Plebani

“…Broad Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signalling defects after CpG in vitro stimulation have been described in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). …”
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CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Inhibit RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation by Upregulating A20 Deubiquitinase in RAW 264.7 Cells by Seong-Kyu Kim, Jung-Yoon Choe, Ki-Yeun Park

“…Activation of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been proposed to play an inhibitory role in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. …”
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Age-Related Changes in Female Murine Reproductive Mucosa with respect to γδ T Cell Presence by Katarzyna Skulska, Anna Ewa Kędzierska, Małgorzata Krzyżowska, Grzegorz Chodaczek

“…In both mouse strains, we found similar age-dependent changes in cytokine production upon vaginal inflammation due to Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) stimulation with CpG. With age in the vaginas, IL-1α and IL-17A levels increased while IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, and IFNγ levels were diminished in response to CpG. …”
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Nucleotide sequence variants, gene expression and serum profile of immune and antioxidant markers associated with brucellosis resistance/susceptibility in Shami goat by Ahmed A. Elsayed, Ahmed M. Sallam

“…DNA was extracted and selected parts the immunity; solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1), toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), SP110 nuclear body protein (SP110), the adenosine A3 receptor (ADORA3), caspase activating recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) and transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and erythritol related transketolase (TKT), ribose 5-phosphate isomerase (RPIA) and Adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) genes were sequenced. …”
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Association of Self-DNA Mediated TLR9-Related Gene, DNA Methyltransferase, and Cytokeratin Protein Expression Alterations in HT29-Cells to DNA Fragment Length and Methylation Statu... by István Fűri, Ferenc Sipos, Sándor Spisák, Gergő Kiszner, Barnabás Wichmann, Andrea Schöller, Zsolt Tulassay, Györgyi Műzes, Béla Molnár

“…To understand the biologic role of self-DNA bound to Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9), we assayed its effect on gene and methyltransferase expressions and cell differentiation in HT29 cells. …”
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Unleashing the potential of a low CpG Passer transposon for superior CAR-T cell therapy by Jianyao Zeng, Yan Sun, Yan Sun, Yuan Fang, Xiaodie Wang, Qian Huang, Pingjing Zhang, Meiqi Shao, Pei Wang, Jingbo Cheng, Meng Di, Tao Liu, Qijun Qian, Qijun Qian, Qijun Qian

“…Nonetheless, non-methylated CpG sequences within plasmid DNA can elicit an inflammatory response via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) during CAR-T cell preparation, adversely affecting transgene expression. …”
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Phase Ib open-label, multicenter study of pixatimod, an activator of TLR9, in combination with nivolumab in subjects with microsatellite-stable metastatic colorectal cancer, metast... by Matthew Burge, David Goldstein, Andrew Haydon, Nick Pavlakis, Charlotte Lemech, Edward Hammond, Darryn Bampton, Keith Dredge, Michael P Brown, Andrew Clouston, Nigel J Waterhouse, Amanda C Stanley, Lucie Leveque-El Mouttie, Grace M Chojnowski

“…Background Pixatimod is a unique activator of the Toll-like Receptor 9 pathway. This phase I trial evaluated safety, efficacy and pharmacodynamics of pixatimod and PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab in immunologically cold cancers.Methods 3+3 dose escalation with microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer (MSS mCRC) and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) expansion cohorts. …”
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Randomized, observer-blind, controlled Phase 1 study of the safety and immunogenicity of the Na-GST-1/Alhydrogel hookworm vaccine with or without a CpG ODN adjuvant in hookworm-naï... by David J Diemert, Maria Zumer, Mark Bova, Christina Gibbs-Tewary, Elissa M Malkin, Doreen Campbell, Lara Hoeweler, Guangzhao Li, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Peter J Hotez, Jeffrey M Bethony

“…In each cohort of 12 participants, 4 were randomized to receive 100 µg of Na-GST-1/Alhydrogel and 8 to receive 30 µg or 100 µg of Na-GST-1/Alhydrogel plus the Cytosine-phospho-Guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotide Toll-like receptor-9 agonist, CpG 10104, in the first and second cohorts, respectively. …”
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