Overweight and Obesity Coexist with Thinness among Lao’s Urban Area Adolescents by Katiya Ivanovitch, Sonemany Keolangsy, Nontiya Homkham

“…Factors significantly associated with the overweight/obesity were low physical activities (aOR = 18.3; 95% CI: 5.51–60.66) and adolescents living with their guardians (aOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08–0.79). Results also indicated that, in 47.3% of the cases, teachers, acting as a source of health and nutrition information, can prevent the risk of adolescents’ overweight/obesity (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.11–3.80) but not their thinness (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.17–0.88). …”
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The influence of gender-based perceptions on females joining a bachelor of medicine, bachelor of surgery in Rwanda by Tsion Yohannes Waka, Deborah Umucyo, Arlene Nishimwe, Abigail J. Yoon, Kara L. Neil

“…Conducted across 13 secondary schools and 3 universities offering MBBS degrees, the study engaged 8–12 students, parents/guardians, and teachers in each focus group discussion in a total of thirty-four focus group discussions and sixteen semi-structured interviews. …”
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Effectiveness of oral health promotion in children and adolescents through behaviour change interventions: A scoping review. by Fathima Peerbhay, Robert Mash, Saadika Khan

“…Most studies (91.3%) focused on educating children directly; 8.7% indirectly influenced parents, guardians, and teachers. Interventions focused largely on traditional oral health education presented in diverse forms and via different platforms. …”
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The Role of Donations and Education Services in Kabale Municipality Kabale District. by Ampaire, Bronia

“…Some respondents showed that pupils are presented with bursaries, one-off money installments or prizes as part of impetus for enhancing participation and motivation in learning at school Incentives are viewed as more powerful than different mediations since they straightforwardly target children, as opposed to guardians, parental figures or instructors. Managerial inefficiency was identified by most respondents as they were suggesting that they need to be trained in a way that they can provide equitable education services to the citizens. …”
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Impact of Social Cultural Factors on Teenage Pregnancies in Ikumba Sub-County Rubanda District. by Ndyamuhakyi, Sonia

“…The Population of this study comprised parents, guardians, and Teenage girls who were added up to get 120 because they are the basis of the study and this provided the relevant answers to the study questions. …”
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Effect of Child Neglect on Learning Outcomes of Pupils of Kamwezi Sub-County Rukiga District. by Karugaba, Dickson

“…The Population of this study comprised parents, guardians,s and teachers in selected schools of Kamwezi Sub-county, Rukiga District who were added up to get 60 because they were the basis of the study and this provided the relevant answers to the study questions. …”
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The Territory as a Victim: Geological Assessment to Analyzing the Impact of Colombia’s Armed Conflict on Geo-Bio Megadiversity at the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta by Juan Fernando Zapata-Herrera, Catalina González-Tejada, Sergio A. Restrepo-Moreno, María Isabel Marín-Cerón

“…The definition “territory as a victim” originated by local indigenous communities and is now incorporated in transitional justice systems such as the Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP, Colombia), condenses the profound violence experienced by the land, one that muted the spiritual guardians inhabiting its waters, trees, plants, soils, and stones. …”
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Relationship between Family and Myopia: Based on the Jiangsu School Student Myopia Study by Xiyan Zhang, Wenyi Yang, Jie Yang, Wei Du, Yao Xiang, Xin Wang, Chao Huang, Yan Wang, Fengyun Zhang

“…Students had a physical examination and were required to provide the necessary demographic information. Children and their guardians from different family types were required to fill in a questionnaire concerning myopia factors. …”
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Supplemental oxygen strategies in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia after the neonatal intensive care unit period: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (SOS BPD s... by Anton H van Kaam, Wes Onland, Irwin K M Reiss, Peter H Dijk, Arend F Bos, Eleni-Rosalina Andrinopoulou, E Villamor, LGM van Rooij, M de Jong, JS von Lindern, Lucas Goossens, Stephanie Balink, Elianne J L E Vrijlandt, Anthon R Hulsmann, Debbie H Nuytemans, Arwen J Sprij, André A Kroon, Marielle Pijnenburg, MGA Baartmans, GJ Blok, WP de Boode, HD Buiter, CE Counsilman, CA Dalen Meurs, ACM Dassel, AM de Grauw, MEN van den Heuvel, JLAM van Hillegersberg, JCR van Hoften, JHL van Hoorn, CH ten Hove, A Kamerbeek, AAMW van Kempen, LH van der Meer, RMJ Moonen, EEM Mulder, HJ Niemarkt, MAG van Scherpenzeel-de Vries, IAM Schiering, RNGB Tan

“…Informed consent will be obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all study participants.Trial registration number NL7149/NTR7347.…”
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An investigator-blinded, 24-month, parallel-group, non-inferiority study to compare aesthetic restorations in primary anterior teeth in a paediatric dental clinic: study protocol f... by Ana Paula Taboada Sobral, Elaine Marcilio Santos, Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves, Lara Jansiski Motta, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Elza Padilha Ferri, Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti Gallo, Thais Gimenez, José Carlos Pettorossi Imparato

“…Secondary outcomes will include tooth survival, longevity of restoration, quality of life, perception and satisfaction of the participants’ parents/guardians.Ethics and dissemination This protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (protocol number: 6.019.297. …”
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Development of Speech and Communication in Polish Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study by Natalia Moćko, Marcin Rudzki, Zuzanna Miodońska, Julia Olesiak, Katarzyna Jochymczyk-Woźniak, Michał Kręcichwost

“…Therefore, we prepared a speech development questionnaire and employed it to obtain data from parents (or legal guardians) of 54 children with 22q11DS. The questionnaire covered the following speech and communication development stages: babbling, using first words, first sentences, verbal and non-verbal communication, speech disfluencies, hearing loss, speech intelligibility, difficulties in interpersonal contact, and participation in speech therapy. …”
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Melatonin supplementation for the treatment of infantile spasms: protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled triple-blind trial by Jing Wang, Tao Xu, Miao Liu, Jian Chen, Guang Yang, Weiwei Feng, Yulin Sun, Xiuyu Shi, Liping Zou

“…Patients (n=70) aged 3 months to 2 years with IS will be recruited in this study after receiving written consent from their parents or guardians. Patients will be randomly divided into two equal groups and treated with a combination of adrenocorticotropic hormone, magnesium sulfate and either melatonin or placebo. …”
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Sociodemographic Profile of Severely Malnourished Children Admitted to a Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre in One of the Districts of Maharashtra: A Cross-sectional Study by Pratik Borkar, Rohan Sangam, Shalini Rawat, Ravindra Kembali

“…A Total Sample size of 96(based on the inclusion criteria) was obtained for the purpose of record based data, while for interview sample size was 73(20 cases were non traceable and 3 death were reported) with the parents/guardians of the children. Data was collected using a pre-validated semi structured interview guide via face to face interview. …”
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Are free school meals failing families? Exploring the relationship between child food insecurity, child mental health and free school meal status during COVID-19: national cross-se... by Maria Bryant, Tiffany C Yang, Madeleine Power, Bridget Lockyer, Rachael H Moss, Wendy Burton, Bob Doherty

“…This study examined levels of food security and FSM status to support decision-making regarding increasing the current eligibility criteria.Design Two cross-sectional national surveys administered in August–September 2020 and January–February 2021 were used to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the food experiences of children and young people.Setting UK.Participants 2166 children (aged 7–17 years) and parents/guardians.Main outcome measures Participant characteristics were described by food security and FSM status; estimated marginal means were calculated to obtain the probability of poor mental health, expressed as children reporting feeling stressed or worried in the past month, by food security status and FSM status.Results We observed food insecurity among both children who did and did not receive of FSM: 23% of children not receiving FSM were food insecure. …”
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Enhancing health and well-being: unlocking the speed abilities of 9-year-old primary school children by Margarita Mameshina, Mirosława Cieślicka

“…Informed consent was obtained from the parents or guardians of the children, emphasizing their voluntary participation and the potential benefits and risks associated with the study.  …”
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Mortality in the families of children during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a repeated cross-sectional study of children in the United States by Kao-Ping Chua, Rena M. Conti, Nora V. Becker

“…Some children lost adult siblings, suggesting that screening for child bereavement should include all family members, not just parents/guardians.…”
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Epidemiologic Investigation of Intestinal Parasite Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Primary Schoolchildren in the Manzini and Lubombo Provinces, the Kingdom of Eswatini by Ai-Wen Yin, Yueh-Lun Lee, Sindisiwe Dlamini, Gugu Maphalala, Chien-Wei Liao, Chia-Kwung Fan

“…After consent from their parents/guardians, a total of 316 samples collected from PSC with grades 1 to 3 from four primary schools in Manzini and Lubombo were examined by the Merthiolate-Iodine-Formaldehyde (MIF) method. …”
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Prevalence and Intensity of Intestinal Helminth Infections in Preschool Pupils in Lugari Subcounty, Kakamega County, Kenya by Daniel Kevin Werunga, Elizabeth Nanjala Omukunda, Jackson Cheruiyot Korir

“…Written consents and verbal assent were obtained from parents or guardians and preschool pupils, respectively. Questionnaires were administered in order to collect sociodemographic data. …”
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The Effects of Gender Based Violence on Academic Performance of Learners in Selected Primary Schools in Buyanja Sub-County, Rukungiri District. by Katushabe, Aster

“…The study targeted a population of 60 respondents, including pupils, parents/guardians, and teachers. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were employed to identify the sample size. …”
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Human Papillomavirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Oral Microbiota Interplay in Nigerian Youth (HOMINY): A Prospective Cohort Study Protocol by Jia Liu, Esosa Osagie, Paul Akhigbe, Nosakhare Idemudia, Ozoemene Obuekwe, Ruxton Adebiyi, Nicolas Schlecht, Yana Bromberg, Fidelis E Eki-Udoko, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Modupe Oluseun Coker

“…Informed consent was obtained from all parents/guardians.…”
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