Effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty versus non-surgery on patient-reported hip function at 3 months: a target trial emulation study of patients with osteoarthritis by Amanda D Klaassen, Wiard Jorritsma, Nienke W Willigenburg, Carina L E Gerritsma, Bas L E F Ten Have, Dirk Jan F Moojen, Maaike G J Gademan, Rolf H H Groenwold, Rudolf W Poolman

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A comprehensive step-by-step approach for the implementation of target trial emulation: Evaluating fluid resuscitation strategies in post-laparoscopic septic shock as an example by Jie Yang, Lihui Wang, Lin Chen, Pengmin Zhou, Suibi Yang, Hongjie Shen, Lifeng Xing, Pengpeng Chen, Yuetian Yu, Hongying Ni, Zhongheng Zhang

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A Post-Authorisation Safety Study of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine in Pregnant Women and Their Offspring in a Real-World Setting: Generic Protocol for a Target Trial Emulat... by Odette de Bruin, Linda Nab, Jungyeon Choi, Oisin Ryan, Hae-Won Uh, Fariba Ahmadizar, Shahar Shmuel, Heather Rubino, Kitty Bloemenkamp, Cynthia de Luise, Miriam Sturkenboom

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Target Trial Emulation of the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic Vaccine for Pre-Exposure Mpox Prevention in At-Risk Populations by Clara Suñer, Roser Escrig-Sarreta, Cristina Galván-Casas, Eduardo Matos, Amanda Gabster, Marcelo Wolff, Dan Ouchi, Andrea Alemany, Hugo Sánchez, Sandra Huaman, Dixennia Bejarano, Lourdes Carrés-Esteve, Cristina Santiago-Fernández, Javier Corral-Rubio, Adrià Mendoza, Àngel Rivero, Vicente Descalzo, Eva Orviz, Héctor Martínez-Riveros, Leonardo Méndez-Boo, Carmen Cabezas, Araceli Arce-Arnáez, Michael Marks, Oriol Mitjà, REMAIN Study Group

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The risk associated with ultra-processed food intake on depressive symptoms and mental health in older adults: a target trial emulation by Belayneh Mengist, Mojtaba Lotfaliany, Julie A. Pasco, Bruno Agustini, Michael Berk, Malcolm Forbes, Melissa M. Lane, Suzanne G. Orchard, Joanne Ryan, Alice J. Owen, Robyn L. Woods, John J. McNeil, Mohammadreza Mohebbi

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Strengthening health technology assessment for cancer treatments in Europe by integrating causal inference and target trial emulation by Heiner C. Bucher, Frédérique Chammartin

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Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir on post-COVID-19 outcomes among outpatients: a target trial emulation investigation by Yuchen Wei, Christopher Boyer, Katherine Min Jia, Guozhang Lin, Huwen Wang, Conglu Li, Chi Tim Hung, Xiaoting Jiang, Carrie Ho Kwan Yam, Tsz Yu Chow, Yawen Wang, Shi Zhao, Zihao Guo, Kehang Li, Aimin Yang, Chris Ka Pun Mok, David S. C. Hui, Ka Chun Chong, Eng Kiong Yeoh

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Editorial: External control arms for single-arm studies: methodological considerations and applications by Deborah Layton, Laura Hester, Asieh Golozar

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De‐Mystifying the Clone‐Censor‐Weight Method for Causal Research Using Observational Data: A Primer for Cancer Researchers by Charles E. Gaber, Armen A. Ghazarian, Paula D. Strassle, Tatiane B. Ribeiro, Maribel Salas, Camille Maringe, Xabier Garcia‐Albeniz, Richard Wyss, Wei Du, Jennifer L. Lund

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Beta-Blockers After PCI for Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction by Safi U. Khan, MD, MS, Usman Ali Akbar, MD, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, MD, Kershaw V. Patel, MD, Amna Nadeem, MBBS, Samarth Thakkar, MD, Hassaan B. Arshad, MD, Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH, Sachin S. Goel, MD, Alpesh R. Shah, MD, William Zoghbi, MD, Neal S. Kleiman, MD

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Effect of daily alcohol consumption and age over 40 years on COVID-19 vaccination antibody titers in the Delta era among hospital workers in northern Okinawa, Japan: A retrospectiv... by Takuji Kishimoto, Daisuke Tasato, Yoshitaka Nagasawa, Akihiro Yamashiro, Hayashi Shokita

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Efficacy, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Ceftazidime-Avibactam versus Polymyxin B in the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections: A Target Trial... by Na Hu, Fengjiao Xiao, Yechao Chen, Qiaoling Gu, Pei Liang, Yin Xu, Jinchun Liu, Yunxing Liu, Yi-chen Li, Yinqiu Xu, Mengyin Liu, Dayu Chen, Haixia Zhang

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Mortality of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales bacteremias with combined ceftazidime–avibactam plus aztreonam vs. other active antibiotics: a multicenter target trial... by Ivan Alfredo Huespe, Emilio Felipe Huaier Arriazu, Marisa Sanchez, Vanina Stanek, Javier Alberto Pollán, Susana Bauque, Débora Ávila Poletti, Verónica Monzón, Paola Novelli Poisson, María Virginia Boutet, Eleonora Cunto, Viviana Chediack, Melina Tatiana Beloso, Victoria Rucci, Marina Lagostena, Ricardo Cabrera, María José Gutiérrez, María Georgina Gómez, Sebastián Gabriel Arias, Clarisa Taffarel, Daniel Ivulich, Maria Isabel Garzón, Wanda Cornistein, Alicia Gira, Sonia Guadalupe Kriger, Leonora Duarte, Elisa Estenssoro, Matias Mirofsky, Maximiliano Gabriel Castro, Mariana Vaena, Yolleth Andrade Pino, Emilse Díaz Lobo, Luz Guadalupe Ibáñez, Maríangeles Visus, Gustavo Olaizola, Cecilia Domínguez, Marco Antonio Flores Montes, Alejandra Rodríguez, Claudia Vaustat, Ana Paula Amato, Joaquín Ignacio Coduri Anthonioz Blanc, Federico Rafael Galluccio, Macarena Vicino, Mauro David Arias, Damián Alejandro Violi, Sandra lucila Mosca, Debora Beltran, Lilian Benito Mori, Mayra Alejandra Brañez Merida, Yolanda Marine Cortez Aguayo, María Sol García, Oscar Garcia Messina, Adriel Armándola, Néstor Iván Carrizo, María Martha Filippi, Fernando Simil, Mariana Barnes, Esteban D'urbano, Florencia Masa, Santiago Moreno, Ramiro Larrea, Valentina Tissera Mondria, Juan Camilo Monterroza, Liliana Fernandez Canigia, Emiliano Cornu, Stefanía Fernández Molina, Justina Gatti, Sofia Cornejo, Pablo Pratesi, Rodrigo Almanza Raniero Tapia, Carlos Steer, Pedro Ivan Escobar, Evelyn Rocio Ruiz, Gisella Gregori, Adriana Romani, Pascual Valdez

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Evaluating the effectiveness of sociotherapy following psychiatric hospitalization: a target trial emulation protocol using German statutory health insurance data by Raphael Kohl, Sophia Zander, Christian Hering, Udo Schneider, Stefanie Schreiter, Julie L. O’Sullivan

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Application of the target trial emulation framework to external comparator studies by Kellyn Arnold, Luis Antunes, Briana Coles, Hopin Lee

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Global containment policy duration and long-term epidemic progression: A target trial emulation using COVID-19 data from 2020 to 2022 by Zhiyao Li, Zhen Wang, Xin Wang, Senke Chen, Wenxue Xiong, Chaonan Fan, Wenjuan Wang, Meng Zheng, Kunpeng Wu, Qun He, Wen Chen, Li Ling

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Early use of albumin may increase the risk of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in sepsis patients: a target trial emulation by Xin-Ya Li, Wei-Sheng Chen, Zhong-Kai Qu, Jian-Guang Chen, Li Li, Shu-Na Li, Yu Wang, Jun Lyu

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Generating real‐world evidence in early Alzheimer's disease: Considerations for applying the target trial emulation framework to study the safety of anti‐amyloid therapies by Xiaojuan Li, Sonal Singh, Bahareh Rasouli, Jennifer Lyons, Noelle M. Cocoros, Richard Platt, Ivan Abi‐Elias, Jerry H. Gurwitz

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Causal effect of chemotherapy received dose intensity on survival outcome: a retrospective study in osteosarcoma by Marta Spreafico, Francesca Ieva, Marta Fiocco

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External comparator studies and the joint application of the estimand and target trial emulation frameworks by Gerd Rippin, Héctor Sanz

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