Variation in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents by world region and country income group: A scoping review. by Apoorva Gomber, Zachary J Ward, Carlo Ross, Maira Owais, Carol Mita, Jennifer M Yeh, Ché L Reddy, Rifat Atun

“…In the 0-14 year age group, the highest incidence was reported in Northern Europe (23.96 per 100,000), Australia/New Zealand (22.8 per 100,000), and Northern America (18.02 per 100,000), while the lowest was observed in Melanesia, Western Africa, and South America (all < 1 per 100,000). For the 0-19 year age group, the highest incidence was reported in Northern Europe (39.0 per 100,000), Northern America (20.07 per 100,000), and Northern Africa (10.1 per 100,000), while the lowest was observed in Eastern and Western Africa (< 2 per 100,000). …”
Get full text

A numerical model for duricrust formation by water table fluctuations by C. Fenske, C. Fenske, J. Braun, J. Braun, F. Guillocheau, C. Robin

“…They form in tropical to arid environments and can be currently observed all around the world in areas such as Europe, Africa, South America, India, and Australia. In most cases, they cap hills and appear to protect softer layers beneath. …”
Get full text

Helminth diversity of nutria (Myocastor coypus) across the Morava basin in the Czech Republic by Michal Benovics, Eva Nosková, Anna Klimešová, Lucie Škorpíková, Ema Jaššová, Jakub Drimaj, Jan Slováček, Ondřej Mikulka

“…The nutria was introduced to Europe from South America and kept for the fur industry. This semiaquatic rodent became a well-established species in the Czech Republic; however, it still poses a significant threat to the native fauna, not only as a natural competitor but also as a vector of non-indigenous parasites. …”
Get full text

Genomics Reveal Population Structure and Intergeneric Hybridization in an Endangered South American Bird: Implications for Management and Conservation by Marisol Domínguez, Larissa S. Arantes, Pablo D. Lavinia, Nicole Bergjürgen, Agustin I. Casale, Pablo A. Fracas, Darío A. Lijtmaer, Pablo Tubaro, Sarah Sparmann, Susan Mbedi, Camila Mazzoni, Bettina Mahler, Ralph Tiedemann

“…This study uses genomic data to provide new insights to aid conservation and management of endangered species, using as a case study the Yellow cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata), a bird endemic to southern South America severely affected by illegal trade and the transformation of its natural habitat. …”
Get full text

Reference Intervals of Central Aortic Blood Pressure and Augmentation Index Assessed with an Oscillometric Device in Healthy Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults from Argentina by Alejandro Diaz, Yanina Zócalo, Daniel Bia, Edmundo Cabrera Fischer

“…Age-related reference intervals (RIs) of central (aortic) systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and augmentation index (cAIx) obtained from large healthy population are lacking in Argentina (South America). Aims. To analyze the existence of associations among cSBP and cAIx with demographic, anthropometric, and hemodynamic parameters and to generate percentile curves and RIs adjusted to each level of age and gender and/or body height. cSBP and cAIx were measured in 1038 healthy children, adolescents, and young adults. …”
Get full text

Global climate changes and the evolution of area suitability for marmosets of genus Callithrix by Cesar Rogerio Leal do Amaral, Antonio Carlos de Freitas, Rodrigo Goldenberg-Barbosa, Anna Luiza dos Santos Donato, Izar Aximoff, Victor Cordeiro de Moura, Dafne Adriana Abreu dos Anjos

“… To evaluate the habitat loss due to climatic changes and their effect on Callithrix diversity in the next few decades, the present study reported the resilience of the Atlantic Rainforest primate genus Callithrix under the perspective of the forecasted climatic changes in South America and the quick-pace of the changing environmental policies in Brazil. …”
Get full text

Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism: worldwide coverage 50 years after its start by Marta Arrigoni, Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala, Stephen H LaFranchi, A S Paul van Trotsenburg, Christiaan F Mooij

“…Recently, some countries of Central and Western Asia have implemented NBS programs for CH, and coverage has increased in several Asian countries. South America has also seen substantial improvements in coverage. …”
Get full text

The influence of the forest corridors to the north of the Andes on the diversification of the bright‐rumped Attila, Attila spadiceus (Passeriformes, Tyrannidae), during the climati... by Patrícia Mendonça, Lincoln Silva Carneiro, Victor Leandro‐Silva, Alexandre Aleixo, Juliana Araripe, Péricles S. Rêgo

“…The niche modeling supports the existence of a dynamic scenario of the expansion and retraction of forest corridors in northwestern South America during the last glaciation. This suggests that the earlier orogenesis of the Andes was not a primary determinant of this dichotomy. …”
Get full text

The effect of ethanol extract of Aloysia triphylla on anesthesia and improve the physiological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after transfer by Ali Hajibeglou, Masoumeh Machanlou, Mohammad Mazandarani, Mohammad Sudagar

“…This plant is endemic to South America and can growth in other areas, such as Iran. …”
Get full text

Land-use and land-cover changes and emerging non-tuberculous and tuberculous infectious diseases in humans and animals: a mixed-methods review of research findings from global and... by Jean-François Guégan, Carlos A Vargas Campos, Christine Chevillon, Ahmadou Sylla, Magdalene Dogbe, Kayla M Fast, Jennifer Pechal, Alex Rakestraw, Matthew E Scott, Michael W Sandel, Heather Jordan, M Eric Benbow

“…An important feature of our review is a focus on research from the richest countries of the world, though some studies have been done in Africa, Asia and South America. Geographically, regions experiencing important LULC transformations, such as many tropical regions of Meso- and South America and Southeast Asia, have been given little or no attention in this important topic. …”
Get full text

Population genetics of spinoсerebellar ataxias caused by polyglutamine expansions by A. N. Shuvaev, O. S. Belozor, M. V. Smolnikova, D. A. Yakovleva, Andr. N. Shuvaev, O. M. Kazantseva, E. A. Pozhilenkova, O. I. Mozhei, S. Kasparov

“…We note that for a better analysis it would be necessary to cover a wider range of populations in Africa, Asia andSouth America, which will be possible with the development of new methods for molecular genetics. …”
Get full text

Electrocardiographic changes induced by temperature variations in newly hatched Aperema (Rhinoclemmys punctularia, Daudin, 1801) by Deise de Lima Cardoso, Deise de Lima Cardoso, Brenda Stefany dos Santos Braga, Brenda Stefany dos Santos Braga, Daniella Bastos de Araújo, Clarissa Araújo da Paz, Luciana Eiró-Quirino, Thaysa de Sousa Reis, Luana Vasconcelos de Souza, Rayllan da Cunha Ferreira, Gabriela Brito Barbosa, Raíssa Vieira de Souza, Yris da Silva Deiga, Maria Klara Otake Hamoy, Diva Anelie de Araújo Guimarães, Diva Anelie de Araújo Guimarães, Moisés Hamoy

“…IntroductionAperema (Rhinoclemmys punctularia) is a South American semi-aquatic freshwater turtle characterized by a highly curved, dark brown to black carapace and is distributed across Central and South America. Climate change affects freshwater turtles in a number of ways, including temperature, hatchling sex, and survival.MethodsTherefore, we analyzed temperature variations in these turtles through electrocardiographic recordings, since studies on temperature variations in R. punctularia are limited.Results and discussionElectrocardiography (ECG) is a highly relevant diagnostic tool as it allows for precise assessments of cardiac events and is non-invasive. …”
Get full text

Toxicological Effects of Commonly Used Mosquito Coil Smoke on Liver and Lung Function in Rats by Hadiza Abubakar, Yahuza Gimba Muhammed, Alhassan Muhammad Wudil, Dayyabu Shehu, Murtala Yaú

“…The utilization of mosquito coils as a household-level strategy for mosquito control is widely practiced in malaria-endemic regions spanning Africa, Asia, and South America. However, the continuous application of mosquito coils has prompted significant apprehensions concerning environmental and health implications. …”
Get full text

Seismic Behavior of Bahareque Walls Under In-Plane Horizontal Loads by Karol Cristancho, Iván Fernando Otálvaro, Daniel M. Ruiz, Natalia Barrera, Jesús D. Villalba-Morales, Yezid A. Alvarado, Orlando Cundumí

“…This study investigates the structural behavior of bahareque earth walls, a traditional construction system commonly used in rural areas of northern South America. Bahareque (wattle and daub) walls, consisting of guadua (a bamboo-like material) or wooden frames filled with soil mixes, have demonstrated considerable resilience in seismic zones due to their lightweight and flexible nature. …”
Get full text

Barriers and facilitators to global access to life-saving skills training: an international cross-sectional survey by Marcus Eng Hock Ong, Freddy Lippert, Lin Zhang, Willem Stassen, So Yeon Joyce Kong, Audrey L Blewer, Yeh Lai Chern, Andrew Fu Wah Ho

“…Of respondents who reported no LST is delivered, the highest proportion of these represented the Eastern Mediterranean (18.2%), Africa (17.1%) and South America (16.9%). The most common barrier to accessing LST were cultural views surrounding LST (69.2%), while the most common facilitator was interpersonal relationships to encourage the uptake of LST (71.9%). …”
Get full text

Trace element and mercury speciation analysis in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) by María Victoria Panzl, Jarol R. Miranda-Andrades, Wendy J. Sandoval Rojano, Joseane A. Mendes, Tatiana D. Saint'Pierre, Alejandra Rodríguez-Haralambides, Ricardo Q. Aucelio

“…Background: Yerba mate, a popular beverage in South America, is rich in bioactive compounds and minerals. …”
Get full text

La realidad de mujeres transexuales y sus movimientos sociales en Sudamérica en tiempos de COVID-19 by Alessandra Mawu Defendi Oliveira

“…Abstract This article aims to take a brief overview —along with a reflective and critical analysis— through the different solidary networks of transgender people that have been structured in South America in dialogue with Latin America and the Caribbean, where they are currently involved in the dynamics imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. …”
Get full text

Spectroscopic and Thermooxidative Analysis of Organic Okra Oil and Seeds from Abelmoschus esculentus by Geórgia de Sousa Ferreira Soares, Vinicius de Morais Gomes, Anderson dos Reis Albuquerque, Manoel Barbosa Dantas, Raul Rosenhain, Antônio Gouveia de Souza, Darlene Camati Persunh, Carlos Alberto de Almeida Gadelha, Maria José de Carvalho Costa, Tatiane Santi Gadelha

“…Research on the chemical composition of both seed and oil for Brazilian Okra in South America is still incipient. In this study, flour and oil from organic Okra seeds (Abelmoschus esculentus L Moench), grown in northeastern Brazil were analyzed. …”
Get full text

Dredging and sediment discharge in a river with floodplain. Physicochemical and microbiological effects in Paraná river by Maria Josefina Gonzalez, Stella Maris Gonzalez, Aldo Raul Paira, Pablo Agustín Collins

“…The effects caused during the operation of a suction dredge in a South America river under two temporal conditions were analyzed: i) the short and medium-term effects on the physicochemical variables, and ii) the immediate effects on the physicochemical variables and the abundance of bacterioplankton. …”
Get full text

Conversion of tropical forests to water buffalo pastures in lower Amazonia: Carbon losses and social carbon costs by J. Boone Kauffman, Fernanda M. Souza, Rodolfo F. Costa, Antonio Elves Barreto da Silva, Tiago O. Ferreira, J. Patrick Megonigal, Rasis Ritonga, Adi Gangga, Nisa Novita, Carla F. O. Pacheco, Angelo Fraga Bernardino

“…These carbon‐rich wetlands are widespread in South America, yet few studies have examined carbon stocks or losses due to land use change. …”
Get full text