The Narrow Formation Pathway of Hot Saturns: Constraints on Initial Planetary Properties by Minghao Xie, Sheng Jin, Dong-Hong Wu

“…The key to survival as a hot-Saturn analog appears to be having just the right combination of properties after gas disk dissipation: an M _p below 0.5 Jupiter mass ( M _Jup ), a substantial ${f}_{{\rm{core}}}$ of ≥30%, and relatively low L _p on the order of 10 ^−6 solar luminosity ( L _⊙ ) or less. The survival criteria for hot-Saturn analogs align with theoretically unfavorable initial conditions of gas planets formed via core accretion scenario, naturally explaining the observed boundaries of the hot-Saturn desert.…”
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