Human Brain Organoid: A Versatile Tool for Modeling Neurodegeneration Diseases and for Drug Screening by Cuili Ma, Hwanwook Seong, Xiaowei Li, Xiao Yu, Shunliang Xu, Yujing Li

“…Undoubtedly, animal models have made a significant contribution to gaining insight into the developmental and pathophysiological understanding of human diseases. However, none of the existing animal models could efficiently simulate the development of human organs and systems due to a lack of spatial information; the discrepancy in genetic, anatomic, and physiological basis between animals and humans limits detailed investigation. …”
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Sox9-Increased miR-322-5p Facilitates BMP2-Induced Chondrogenic Differentiation by Targeting Smad7 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Yongsheng Zeng, Chengcheng Du, Pengcheng Xiao, Yiting Lei, Piao Zhao, Zhenglin Zhu, Shengqiang Gao, Bowen Chen, Shengwen Cheng, Wei Huang, Chen Zhao

“…Currently, an increasing number of studies have shown that microRNAs play a pivotal role in chondrogenic and pathophysiological processes of cartilage. The purpose of this study was to determine which microRNA is increased by Sox9 and targets Smad7, thus assisting BMP2 in maintaining stable chondrogenesis. …”
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Association of estimated glucose disposal rate with metabolic syndrome prevalence and mortality risks: a population-based study by Xiaoli Chen, Aihua Li, Qilin Ma

“…Abstract Background Insulin resistance (IR) is a central pathophysiological factor in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and an essential driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. …”
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Tripchlorolide May Improve Spatial Cognition Dysfunction and Synaptic Plasticity after Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Zhao-Hui Yao, Xiao-li Yao, Shao-feng Zhang, Ji-chang Hu, Yong Zhang

“…Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a common pathophysiological mechanism that underlies cognitive decline and degenerative processes in dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. …”
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Anti-Myxovirus Resistance Protein-1 Immunoglobulin A Autoantibody in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Toru Arai, Masaki Hirose, Yoshimasa Hamano, Tomoko Kagawa, Akihiro Murakami, Hiroshi Kida, Atsushi Kumanogoh, Yoshikazu Inoue

“…Further studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiological role of this autoantibody in IPF.…”
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Chlorpromazine and Promethazine (C+P) Reduce Brain Injury after Ischemic Stroke through the PKC-δ/NOX/MnSOD Pathway by Sichao Guo, Fengwu Li, Melissa Wills, James Yip, Alexandra Wehbe, Changya Peng, Xiaokun Geng, Yuchuan Ding

“…Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) incites neurologic damage through a myriad of complex pathophysiological mechanisms, most notably, inflammation and oxidative stress. …”
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Beneficial Effects of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Metabolic Parameters and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Cli... by Biljana Lakić, Ranko Škrbić, Snežana Uletilović, Nebojša Mandić-Kovačević, Milkica Grabež, Mirna Popović Šarić, Miloš P. Stojiljković, Ivan Soldatović, Zorica Janjetović, Anastasija Stokanović, Nataša Stojaković, Momir Mikov

“…Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related pathophysiological processes, both occurring in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). …”
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Integrated Management of Cardiovascular–Renal–Hepatic–Metabolic Syndrome: Expanding Roles of SGLT2is, GLP-1RAs, and GIP/GLP-1RAs by Nikolaos Theodorakis, Maria Nikolaou

“…Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic syndrome, introduced by the American Heart Association in 2023, represents a complex and interconnected spectrum of diseases driven by shared pathophysiological mechanisms. However, this framework notably excludes the liver—an organ fundamental to metabolic regulation. …”
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Respiratory abnormalities in sarcoidosis: physiopathology and early diagnosis using oscillometry combined with respiratory modeling by Bruno Falcão Oliveira, Caroline Oliveira Ribeiro, Cíntia Moraes de Sá Sousa, Mariana Carneiro Lopes, Agnaldo José Lopes, Pedro Lopes de Melo

“…In this study, we aimed to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiological changes in sarcoidosis and assess the diagnostic accuracy of these models. …”
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Lipid-Derived Mediators in Endogenous Anti-Inflammation and Resolution: Lipoxins and Aspirin-Triggered 15-epi-Lipoxins by Charles N. Serhan, Nan Chiang

“…Among them, lipoxins (LX) and aspirin-triggered LX (ATL) evoke actions of interest in a range of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes, and these two series have emerged as founding members of the first class of lipid/chemical mediators “switched on” in the resolution phase of an inflammatory reaction. …”
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Microvascular disease and heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction in type 2 diabetes by Ify R. Mordi, Aaron Tee, Colin N. Palmer, Rory J. McCrimmon, Alexander S.F. Doney, Chim C. Lang

“…Microvascular disease (MiVD) is thought to play a pathophysiological role in the development of HF in T2D; however, its association with new‐onset HF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction has not been specifically defined. …”
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NETosis Secondary to the Use of Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine: A Likely Underlying Mechanism of Vasculopathy by Manuela Osorio, Isabel Velásquez, Ruben Vargas, Adriana Vanegas-García, Mauricio Rojas, Gloria Vásquez, Carlos Muñoz-Vahos

“…Given its similarity to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, LAC-associated vasculopathy is postulated to be mediated by pathophysiologic processes resulting from neutrophil cell death by NETosis, a phenomenon previously described in ANCA vasculitis. …”
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E46K α-Synuclein Mutation Fails to Promote Neurite Outgrowth by Not Inducing Cdc42EP2 Expression, Unlike Wild-Type or A53T α-Synuclein in SK-N-SH Cells by Hyunja Jung, Seonghan Kim

“…Background/Objectives: α-Synuclein (α-syn) protein is a major pathological agent of familial Parkinson’s disease (PD), and its levels and aggregations determine neurotoxicity in PD pathogenesis. Although the pathophysiological functions of α-syn have been extensively studied, its biological functions remain elusive, and there are reports of wild-type (WT) α-syn and two missense mutations of α-syn (A30P and A53T) inducing protective neuritogenesis through neurite outgrowth. …”
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Association between prior tuberculosis disease and dysglycemia within an HIV-endemic, rural South African population. by Alison C Castle, Susanne S Hoeppner, Itai M Magodoro, Urisha Singh, Yumna Moosa, Ingrid V Bassett, Emily B Wong, Mark J Siedner, Vukuzazi Study Team

“…However, we found a significant interaction between prior TB and HIV status among men, suggesting distinct pathophysiological mechanisms between the two infections that may impact glucose metabolism. …”
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Oral manifestations of dengue virus infection: a scoping review for clinical dental practice by Lucas Peixoto de Araújo, Stefan Kickhofel Weisshahn, Eduarda Thome do Carmo, Bruna Cavalcante Chaves, Mateus de Azevedo Kinalski, Nícolas Kickhofel Weisshahn, Sarah Arangurem Karam

“…Further research is needed to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these manifestations and to develop standardized protocols for clinical assessment and management. …”
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Deep Learning-Based Fully Automatic Segmentation of the Paranasal Sinuses in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients Using Computed Tomographic Images by Yuhang Wang, Xiaolei Zhang, Weidong Du, Na Dai, Yi Lyv, Keying Wu, Yiyang Tian, Yuxin Jie, Yu Lin, Weipiao Kang

“…Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), as one of the most common chronic nasal inflammations, has been a major research focus in the field of rhinology due to its complex and varied pathophysiological features and suboptimal clinical treatment outcomes. …”
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Epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiling in septic and non-septic patients with similar infections: potential use as sepsis biomarkers by Ian López-Cruz, Ian López-Cruz, José Luis García-Giménez, José Luis García-Giménez, José Luis García-Giménez, Manuel Madrazo, Manuel Madrazo, Judit García-Guallarte, Laura Piles, Federico V. Pallardó, Federico V. Pallardó, Federico V. Pallardó, Arturo Artero, Arturo Artero

“…Our results suggest that DNA methylation changes are closely linked to the pathophysiological processes of sepsis, influencing immune cell activation, inflammation, and organ dysfunction. …”
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Different post-pancreatectomy glucagon responses to a meal test between surgical approaches by Tsuguka Matsuda, Natsumi Himeno, Akira Nakashima, Naoya Nakagawa, Toshihiko Kohashi, Dan Kawamori, Nozomu Kamei

“…In this study, we assessed the changes in pancreatic glucagon secretion during pancreatectomy to determine their pathophysiological significance. We evaluated glucagon and insulin secretion using a liquid meal tolerance test before and after pancreatectomy in patients scheduled to undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or distal pancreatectomy (DP). …”
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Effects of Age and Sex on Systemic Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Function in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes by Jody Dushay, Eva S. Rickers, Enya Wang, Jessica Gilman, Ying Zhang, Ron Blankstein, Ernest V. Gervino, Michael Jerosch‐Herold, Aristidis Veves

“…Conclusions The pathophysiological manifestations of T2D on vascular function and aerobic exercise capacity are distinct in older men and women, and this may reflect underlying differences in vascular and myocardial aging in the presence of T2D.…”
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The Effects of MicroRNAs on Cardiomyopathy in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus by Aslıhan Şeyda DOĞAN, Mukaddes PALA, Şenay GÖRÜCÜ YILMAZ, Ayfer BECEREN, Aydın KARABULUT, Yalçın POLAT, Hatice Kübra ELÇİOĞLU

“…Objective: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by complex pathophysiological events. miRNAs play a role in the DCM. …”
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