The clinical utility of tissue polymerase chain reaction, tissue culture and tissue histology in blood culture-negative infective endocarditis in South Africa – insights from the G... by W Endres, P Mkoko, M Ntsekhe

“…We analysed data from the Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH) Infective Endocarditis Registry, a prospective observational study of adult patients with infective endocarditis. …”
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Impact of school salad bars on fruit and vegetable selection, intake, and waste in Mid-Atlantic elementary schools by Melanie K. Bean, Suzanne E. Mazzeo, Lilian de Jonge, Laura Thornton, Hollie Raynor, Ashley Mendoza, Sarah Farthing, Bonnie Moore

“…Trial registration This investigation reports results of a systematic evaluation of school salad bars and does not meet criteria for a clinical trial, yet was retrospectively registered (10/28/22) in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05605483) as an observational study.…”
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Erratum to “The usefulness of surgical drains on short term outcomes among patients undergoing craniotomy at the Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza Tanzania” [World Neurosurgery: X(22C... by Dennis Onsombi, Gerald Mayaya, Vladimir Herrera, Anton Manyanga, Washington Leonald, Samuel Byabato, James Lubuulwa

“…Conclusion: In this single center observational study, we noted that outcomes of patients with post-craniotomy drains were largely equivalent and non-inferior to those without drains who underwent craniotomy for similar neurosurgical conditions at our institution with no statistical significance in terms of occurrence of subgaleal fluid collection, incidence of surgical site infection and length of hospital stay. …”
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Analytical Accuracy of a Continuous Glucose Monitor in Adult Diabetic KetoacidosisTake-Home Points by Nathan L. Haas, MD, Lynn Ang, MD, Nazanene H. Esfandiari, MD, Ahsan M. Khan, MBBS, James A. Cranford, PhD, Ashley Cohen, MD, Jordan Sell, MD, Mostafa Abdel-Hamid, MD, Kevin E. Romanchik, BSN, RN, Frederick K. Korley, MD, PhD

“…Study Design and Methods: This was a prospective observational study at a single academic medical center emergency department. …”
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Effect of crystalline lens decentration and tilt on visual performance in eyes implanted with bifocal or extended depth of focus intraocular lenses by Yu Zhang, Jiaqing Zhang, Chen Liang, Yifan Xu, Jiaying Wu, Junming Wu, Yifan Zhang, Aixia Jin, Xuhua Tan, Lixia Luo

“…Methods Prospective observational study. Patients undergoing phacoemulsification with bifocal (Tecnis ZMB00) or extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) (Tecnis ZXR00) IOL implantation were consecutively enrolled. …”
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Risk factors for thromboembolic and bleeding events in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the prospective, multicentre observational PREvention oF thromboembolic eve... by Raffaele De Caterina, Kurt Huber, Richard Schilling, Miklos Rohla, Thomas W Weiss, Ladislav Pecen, Giuseppe Patti, Jolanta M Siller-Matula, Renate B Schnabel, Dipak Kotecha, Markus Lucerna, Paulus Kirchhof

“…Objectives We identified factors associated with thromboembolic and bleeding events in two contemporary cohorts of anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), treated with either vitamin K antagonists (VKA) or non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs).Design Prospective, multicentre observational study.Setting 461 centres in seven European countries.Participants 5310 patients receiving a VKA (PREvention oF thromboembolic events - European Registry in Atrial Fibrillation (PREFER in AF), derivation cohort) and 3156 patients receiving a NOAC (PREFER in AF Prolongation, validation cohort) for stroke prevention in AF.Outcome measures Risk factors for thromboembolic events (ischaemic stroke, systemic embolism) and major bleeding (gastrointestinal bleeding, intracerebral haemorrhage and other life-threatening bleeding).Results The mean age of patients enrolled in the PREFER in AF registry was 72±10 years, 40% were female and the mean CHA2DS2-VASc Score was 3.5±1.7. …”
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Effect of comorbidity classes on survival of patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer by Linna Gao, Tian Yao, Shaohua Ge, Jiuwei Cui, Wei Li, Zengqing Guo, Hongxia Xu, Min Weng, Suyi Li, Qinghua Yao, Wen Hu, Lan Zhou, Junqiang Chen, Xianghua Wu, Qingchuan Zhao, Hongli Li, Hanping Shi, Yi Ba, He Huang, The Investigation on Nutrition Status and its Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) Group

“…Methods In a multicenter prospective observational study from 2012 to 2021, we grouped the comorbidities of patients with GTC by latent class analysis, obtaining two comorbidity classes. …”
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Lenvatinib Therapy in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Real Clinical Practice by V. V. Petkau, A. V. Sultanbaev, K. V. Menshikov, A. S. Antipin, M. V. Volkonsky, V. M. Filippova, Yu. V. Vasilyeva, A. A. Tarkhanov, M. R. Mukhitova, M. Zh. Murzalina, A. R. Safarova

“…A multicenter retrospective observational study included 58 patients with a confirmed uHCC diagnosis receiving lenvatinib. …”
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Effects of biologic therapy on novel indices of lung inhomogeneity in patients with severe type-2 high asthma by Nayia Petousi, Nick P Talbot, Ian Pavord, Peter A Robbins, Nicholas M J Smith, Graham Richmond, Asma Alamoudi, Lorenzo Petralia, Haopeng Xu, Dominic Sandhu, Grant AD Ritchie

“…Here, we assessed changes in lung inhomogeneity in patients with type-2 high asthma treated with biological therapy and explored the relationship between inhomogeneity measures and conventional asthma disease markers.Methods This was an observational study of 91 severe type-2 high asthma patients recruited from a tertiary asthma clinic, of whom 67 subsequently started anti-IL5 or anti-IL5R biologics. …”
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Intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with spontaneous onset of orthostatic headache by Linda D’Antona, Sanjay Cheema, Dwij Mehta, Fion Bremner, Laurence Dale Watkins, Ahmed Kassem Toma, Manjit Singh Matharu

“…Methods This single-centre, retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary referral centre specialising in SIH and CSF dynamics disorders. …”
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Prognostic utility of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels for cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease treated with percutaneous c... by Ting-Yu Lin, Hsin-Bang Leu, Yen-Wen Wu, Wei-Kung Tseng, Tsung-Hsien Lin, Hung-I Yeh, Kuan-Cheng Chang, Ji-Hung Wang, Wei-Hsian Yin, Chau-Chung Wu, Chun-Yao Huang, Shing-Jong Lin, Chien-Yi Hsu, Jaw-Wen Chen

“…Methods A total of 2,238 stable patients with CAD and a previous PCI were enrolled in a multicenter prospective observational study (The National Taiwan Biosignature Research, NTBR) in Taiwan. …”
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Dynamics of Somatic and Comorbid Mental Disorders (Distress, Anxiety, Somatisation and Depression) in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome during Therapy with Alimemazine: Result... by V. T. Ivashkin, O. Z. Okhlobystina, M. V. Mayevskaya, O. S. Shifrin, Z. A. Mamieva, Yu. E. Azimova

“…During an open-label, non-comparative and non-interventional study, 60 patients diagnosed with the K58 (K 58.0, K58.9) irritable bowel syndrome were observed (12 men and 48 women, average age 39.6 ± 11.1 years) and treated with Teraligen® (alimemazine) with a gradual dose increase from 2.5 to 15 mg per day against the background of the standard symptomatic treatment used for such states. The observational study lasted for 4 weeks. The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) was used to assess the dynamics and effectiveness of the treatment in terms of the patients’ mental state, while the “7 symptoms per 7 days” (“7 × 7”) questionnaire was used to assess the dynamics of IBS symptoms and concomitant functional dyspepsia (FD). …”
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Russian Non-Interventional Study of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Rifaximin-α Therapy in Patients with Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease under the Conditions of Outpatient Prac... by O. S. Shifrin, E. A. Poluektova, A. V. Korolev, T. I. Semenova, M. V. Shein, G. N. Leksikova, O. A. Tokareva, O. E. Davydova, P. S. Andreev, S. E. Katorkin, A. A. Chernov, A. V. Zhuravlev, O. S. Sek, A. A. Kopina, N. Yu. Samokhina, Yu. V. Gorozhankina, M. F. Samigullin, V. S. Groshilin, E. N. Borisova, T. A. Petrova, I. Yu. Pirogova, S. V. Mednikov, N. V. Smagin, A. S. Sarsenbaeva, N. V. Smirnova, L. G. Kirsanova, N. M. Malyutina, M. A. Smirnova, E. N. Shleikova, V. T. Ivashkin

“…This observational (non-interventional) study was aimed at obtaining data on practitioners’ commitment to prescribing rifaximin-α therapy to patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease (UDD), to assess patients’ adherence to such prescriptions, as well as to assess physicians’ and patients’ satisfaction with this drug under the conditions of outpatient practice.Materials and methods. 27 research physicians in 22 research centres located in 15 Russian cities and 250 patients participated in an open, prospective multicentre observational study. The observation lasted for 6 months with an interim assessment after 3 months. …”
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Use of a specialized peptide-based enteral formula containing medium-chain triglycerides for enteral tube feeding in children with cerebral palsy and previous tube feeding intolera... by Aydan Kansu, Gunsel Kutluk, Gonul Caltepe, Cigdem Arikan, Nafiye Urganci, Gokhan Tumgor, Aysel Yuce, Ceyda Tuna Kirsaclioglu, Arzu Meltem Demir, Fatma Demirbas, Merve Usta, Sibel Yavuz, Duygu Demirtas Guner, Ersin Gumus, Buket Dalgic, Yasar Dogan, Nelgin Gerenli, Halil Kocamaz, Fulya Gulerman, Elif Sag, Aysugul Alptekin Sarioglu, Neslihan Eksi Bozbulut, Demet Teker Duztas, Hatice Altug Demirol, Coskun Celtik, Olcay Gungor, Kaan Demiroren, Aysen Uncuoglu Aydogan, Ozlem Bekem, Zeynep Arslan, Murat Cakir, Arzu Ekici, Nihal Uyar Aksu, Cigdem Ecevit, Simge Erdogan

“…This study aimed to evaluate the utility of enteral tube feeding via specialized peptide-based formula containing MCTs in children with CP in terms of gastrointestinal intolerance, anthropometrics, defecation characteristics and parental satisfaction with enteral formula.MethodsChildren with CP who received enteral tube feeding via specialized peptide-based formula containing MCTs were included in this prospective observational study. Anthropometrics (z scores for weight for age [WFA], weight for height [WFH], triceps skinfold thickness [TSFT] and mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC]), gastrointestinal intolerance symptoms, defecation frequency and stool patterns and formula satisfaction were recorded at baseline and during 6-month follow up.ResultsA total of 96 children with CP (mean ± SD age: 5.6 ± 3.2 years, 56.3% were boys) were included. …”
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Observational research in epidemic settings: a roadmap to reform by Marc Lipsitch, Nicholas Evans, Alexandra L Phelan, Stephany N Duda, Annette Rid, Colin J Carlson, Jennifer B Rosen, Natalie E Dean, John Barugahare, Maya B Mathur, Emily E Ricotta, Fausto A Bustos Carrillo, Samuel Angelli-Nichols, Adia Benton, Emma Chang-Rabley, Lisa Federer, Mary-Margaret A Fill, Elizabeth C LeRoy, Natalie M Linton, Lauren Sauer, Sheena G Sullivan, Mackenzie Zendt

“…Observational studies are critical tools in clinical research and public health response, but challenges arise in ensuring the data produced by these studies are scientifically robust and socially valuable. …”
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JAK2 V617F as a Marker for Long-Term Disease Progression and Mortality in Polycythemia Vera and its Role in Economic Modeling by Jonas Hjelmgren, Kristoffer Nilsson, Gunnar Birgegård

“…**Methods:** Long-term observational studies that include information about baseline JAK2 burden were identified via PubMed searches and used to validate the model. …”
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The Impact of Antibiotics on the Development of Colorectal Cancer – A Review of Current Insights and Directions for Future Research by Karol Zagórski, Mateusz Kozik, Nina Skalska-Dziobek, Weronika Małagocka, Karolina Chybowska, Maria Naruszewicz, Przemysław Cetnarowski

“…Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials and observational studies were included if they were relevant and provided data on the influence of antibiotics on CRC.   …”
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Risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury after cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a meta-analysis and systematic review by Dengzhuo Chen, Yongli Ma, Jinghui Li, Liang Wen, Linfeng Liu, Guosheng Zhang, Hongkai Hu, Chengzhi Huang, Xueqing Yao

“…In addition, there are large discrepancies in the results of available observational studies. Methods We searched The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science,and PubMed to identify observational studies reporting risk factors for AKI after CRS + HIPEC. …”
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Determining prognostic factors in the treatment of primary hemifacial spasm: Clinical outcomes and complications. A literature review by Juan Carlos Acevedo-González, Alex Taub-Krivoy, Julian Alfonso Sierra-Peña, Julian Geronimo Lizarazo

“…Each author reviewed abstracts, applying inclusion criteria like systematic reviews, clinical trials, observational studies, and case series, while excluding theoretical or non-English articles. …”
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Association between CYP2C19 polymorphism and proton pump inhibitors adverse drug reactions: a narrative review by Asmaa Ibrahim, Kazeem Yusuff, Ahmed Awaisu, Hazem Elewa

“…This association has largely been investigated through observational studies, which have shown conflicting or weak findings. …”
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