Varicella-Zoster-Mediated Radiculitis Reactivation following Cervical Spine Surgery: Case Report and Review of the Literature by Doniel Drazin, George Hanna, Faris Shweikeh, Sunil Jeswani, Leah Lovely, Richard Sokolov, John C. Liu

“…We suggest adding a neuromodulating agent to prevent long-term sequelae and resolve acute symptoms.…”
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Attentional Phenotypes for the Analysis of Higher Mental Function by John Fossella, Michael I. Posner, Jin Fan, James M. Swanson, Donald W. Pfaff

“…Next, evidence is presented showing that the operation of each network involves a dominant neuromodulator. Then we discuss development of a task designed to measure the efficiency of each network in normal individuals and consider evidence on the independence, reliability, and heritability of the networks. …”
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Cellular Signal Mechanisms of Reward-Related Plasticity in the Hippocampus by Masako Isokawa

“…I will introduce two representative neuromodulators that are widely studied in reward-related learning (e.g., ghrelin and endocannabinoids) and show how they might contribute to hippocampal neuron activities and Ca2+-mediated signaling processes in synaptic plasticity. …”
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Rapid and simple determination of histamine-N-methyl transferase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection by Hajime Inoue, Ken-Ichi Hisamatsu, Miki Yamauchi, Norio Kumagai

“…Whether neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, the role of histamine in the brain has not yet been made clear. …”
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Cholecystokinin facilitates the formation of long-term heterosynaptic plasticity in the distal subiculum by Fengwen Huang, Abdul Baset, Stephen Temitayo Bello, Xi Chen, Jufang He

“…Nevertheless, how the neuromodulators regulate the neurocircuitry in hippocampal formation has remained elusive. …”
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Adenosine deficiency facilitates CA1 synaptic hyperexcitability in the presymptomatic phase of a knockin mouse model of Alzheimer disease by Mattia Bonzanni, Alice Braga, Takashi Saito, Takaomi C. Saido, Giuseppina Tesco, Philip G. Haydon

“…We show that this aberrant excitability is associated with a deficient adenosine tone, an inhibitory neuromodulator, driven by reduced levels of CD39/73 enzymes, responsible for the extracellular ATP-to-adenosine conversion. …”
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Management of pain in rheumatic diseases by Neha Goyal, Mohit Goyal, Vinod Ravindran

“…Apart from the useful addition of neuromodulators to our traditional repertoire of pain medications consisting of analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, and opioids, there is a place for interventions in situations where pain persists even after reasonable control of widespread inflammation. …”
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Early life stress and altered social behaviors: A perspective across species by Lyonna F. Parise, C. Joseph Burnett, Scott J. Russo

“…Animal models have been integral in identifying both the short- and long-term consequences of stress exposure and suggest that whether it is disruption to parental care or social isolation, chronic exposure to early life stress increases corticosterone, changes the expression of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and facilitates structural alterations to the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala, influencing how these brain regions communicate with other reward-related substrates. …”
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Modulation by NPY/NPF-like receptor underlies experience-dependent, sexually dimorphic learning by Sonu Peedikayil-Kurien, Rizwanul Haque, Asaf Gat, Meital Oren-Suissa

“…Taken together, these findings illustrate how neuromodulators drive sex-specific behavioral plasticity in response to a shared experience.…”
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FOXP2-immunoreactive corticothalamic neurons in neocortical layers 6a and 6b are tightly regulated by neuromodulatory systems by Guanxiao Qi, Danqing Yang, Fernando Messore, Arco Bast, Felipe Yáñez, Marcel Oberlaender, Dirk Feldmeyer

“…Thus, FOXP2 labels L6a and L6b CT PCs, which are precisely regulated by neuromodulators, highlighting their roles as potent modulators of thalamic activity.…”
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Serotonergic Modulation of Conditioned Fear by Judith R. Homberg

“…Understanding how neuromodulators drive the associated learning and memory processes, including memory consolidation, retrieval/expression, and extinction (recall), is essential in the understanding of (individual differences in vulnerability to) these disorders and their treatment. …”
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Monoamine neurotransmitters in breast cancer: Progression, immunomodulation, and therapeutic strategies by Saeed Mahdianipur, Mahafarin Maralani, Homa Davoodi

“…Monoamine neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, histamine, and adrenaline/noradrenaline (epinephrine/norepinephrine), are key neuromodulators in the nervous system that influence complex behavioral and cognitive functions. …”
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Nanosensor-based imaging of realtime dopamine release in neurons derived from iPSCs of patients with Parkinson's disease by Nayeon Lee, Dakyeon Lee, Jae Hyeok Lee, Bo Seok Lee, Sungjee Kim, Jae Ho Kim, Sanghwa Jeong

“…Dopamine (DA) is an essential neuromodulator that underlies critical aspects of cognitive processes, motor function, and reward systems. …”
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Synthetic peptides as valuable and versatile tools for research: our 20 year journey in Chile by Constanza Cárdenas, Paula Santana, Claudio Álvarez, Luis Mercado, Sergio Marshall, Fernando Albericio, Fanny Guzmán

“…They are ubiquitous across the evolutionary scale, fulfilling a wide variety of functions, from immune system effectors in simple organisms to signaling or neuromodulating agents in high vertebrates. Following nature’s example, peptides have emerged as alternatives in various fields. …”
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Mechano-gated iontronic piezomemristor for temporal-tactile neuromorphic plasticity by Xiao Wei, Zhixin Wu, Hanfei Gao, Shiqi Cao, Xue Meng, Yuqun Lan, Huixue Su, Zhenglian Qin, Hang Liu, Wenxin Du, Yuchen Wu, Mingjie Liu, Ziguang Zhao

“…We anticipate that such temporal plastic piezomemristor devices for abiotic-biotic interfaces can serve as promising hardware systems for interfacing dynamic tactile behaviors into diverse neuromodulations.…”
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Long-term deprescription in chronic pain and opioid use disorder patients: Pharmacogenetic and sex differences by Muriel Javier, Escorial Mónica, Margarit César, Barrachina Jordi, Carvajal Cristian, Morales Domingo, Peiró Ana M.

“…Here, women showed a higher degree of opioid deprescription, but increased use of tramadol and neuromodulators, as well as an increased number of adverse events. …”
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Effects of ketamine and propofol on muscarinic plateau potentials in rat neocortical pyramidal cells. by Anne S Fleiner, Daniel Kolnier, Nicholas Hagger-Vaughan, Johan Ræder, Johan F Storm

“…Most previous in vitro studies of cellular mechanisms of anaesthetics have used brain slices or neurons in a nearly "comatose" state, because no "arousing" neuromodulators were added. Here we tested mechanisms of anaesthetics in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) slices after bath-applying the cholinergic agonist muscarine to partly mimic an "aroused-like" state, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from layer 2/3 pyramidal cells (L2/3PCs). …”
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The role of the corticotropin-releasing hormone and its receptors in the regulation of stress response by E. V. Sukhareva

“…In addition to the hypothalamus, CRH is widespread in extrahypothalamic brain structures, where it functions as a neuromodulator for coordination and interaction between the humoral and behavioral aspects of a stress response. …”
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Impact of fluoxetine exposure on Lymnaea stagnalis and its developing eggs: integrating untargeted lipidomics, targeted metabolomics, and classical risk assessment by Diana Ilyaskina, Yumi Nakadera, Yumi Nakadera, Marja H. Lamoree, Joris M. Koene, Pim E. G. Leonards

“…Pharmaceuticals such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are increasingly detected in aquatic environments, posing potential risks to non-target organisms, because many of those substances are widely shared neuromodulator. In this study, we investigated the effects of SSRI antidepressant, namely, fluoxetine, exposure on the freshwater snail L. stagnalis, focusing on egg development, neurochemical pathways, and lipid metabolism. …”
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Therapeutic Potential of Agmatine in Essential Tremor Through Regulation of Lingo‐1 and Inflammatory Pathways by Zeynab Pirmoradi, Zahra Esmaili, Mohsen Nakhaie, Kristi A. Kohlmeier, Mohammad Shabani, Moazamehosadat Razavinasab, Mehran Ilaghi

“…This study aimed to investigate whether agmatine, a biogenic amine neuromodulator attenuates tremors and modulates the expression of Lingo‐1 and proinflammatory markers in a rodent model of ET. …”
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