Assessment of Drought Impact on Vegetation Changes in Hamadan over the Past Three Decades Using the TCI Model by Zahra Hedjazizadeh, Sayyed Mohammad Hosseini, Ali reza karbalaee, shokofe layeghi

“…Therefore, the present study focused on investigating and monitoring drought in Hamedan province using the Temperature Condition index and its impact on the vegetation cover of the province using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) remote sensing data. First, the relevant data was extracted from the Nova star database, and finally, the spatiotemporal behavior of the vegetation cover drought index was examined on 1528 pixels in Hamedan province. …”
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Thermospheric Neutral Density Data Assimilation System Based on the Whole Atmosphere Model During the November 2003 Storm by Ching‐Chung Cheng, Timothy Fuller‐Rowell, Eric K. Sutton, Tzu‐Wei Fang, Jann‐Yenq Liu, Daniel R. Weimer

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PreMevE Update: Forecasting Ultra‐Relativistic Electrons Inside Earth's Outer Radiation Belt by Saurabh Sinha, Yue Chen, Youzuo Lin, Rafael Pires de Lima

“…Model inputs include precipitating electrons observed in low‐Earth‐orbits by NOAA satellites, upstream solar wind speeds and densities from solar wind monitors, as well as ultra‐relativistic electrons measured by one Los Alamos GEO satellite. …”
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Space Weather Environment During the SpaceX Starlink Satellite Loss in February 2022 by Tzu‐Wei Fang, Adam Kubaryk, David Goldstein, Zhuxiao Li, Tim Fuller‐Rowell, George Millward, Howard J. Singer, Robert Steenburgh, Solomon Westerman, Erik Babcock

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Multiscale Performance of Global Blended Satellite Precipitation Products Over Taiwan by Liping Wang, Haonan Chen, Zhe Li

“…To recognize the error patterns of the mainstream SPPs over Taiwan, this study evaluates the temporal and spatial performance of NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH V1) and NASA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG V07 Final) during 2019–2021, with an emphasis on exploring the multi-scale performance of CMORPH and IMERG and their dependence on precipitation intensity and season. …”
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Comparisons of Energetic Electron Observations Between FIREBIRD‐II CubeSats and POES/MetOp Satellites From 2018 to 2020 by I. M. Householder, K. A. Duderstadt, J. M. Pettit, A. T. Johnson, C.‐L. Huang, A. B. Crew, D. M. Klumpar, T. Raeder, J. G. Sample, M. Shumko, S. S. Smith, H. E. Spence

“…This study compares energetic electron precipitation measurements at low‐Earth‐orbit by the Focused Investigations of Relativistic Electron Burst Intensity, Range, and Dynamics (FIREBIRD‐II) CubeSats with NOAA Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) and ESA Meteorological Operational satellite (MetOp) satellites, which are equipped with the Medium‐Energy Proton Electron Detector (MEPED). …”
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Seasonal Variability of PM10 Chemical Composition Including 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, Marker of Plastic Combustion and Toxicity in Wadowice, South Poland by Przemysław Furman, Katarzyna Styszko, Alicja Skiba, Damian Zięba, Mirosław Zimnoch, Magdalena Kistler, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Stefania Gilardoni

“…The modeling tool Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT), developed by NOAA’s Air Resources Laboratory, was used to define the possible areas outside Wadowice contributing to urban air pollution.…”
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A comprehensive global mapping of offshore lighting by C. D. Elvidge, T. Ghosh, N. Chatterjee, N. Chatterjee, M. Zhizhin, M. Zhizhin, P. C. Sutton, M. Bazilian

“…The sensor is the day–night band (DNB) flown as part of the NASA/NOAA Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). …”
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Composites of Heavy Rain Producing Elevated Thunderstorms in the Central United States by Laurel P. McCoy, Patrick S. Market, Chad M. Gravelle, Charles E. Graves, Neil I. Fox, Scott M. Rochette, Joshua Kastman, Bohumil Svoma

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Worth the effort? A practical examination of random effects in hidden Markov models for animal telemetry data by Brett T. McClintock

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Anomalous Circulation Patterns in Association with Summertime Regional Daily Precipitation Extremes over Northeast China by Chuanlei Chen, Zhaoyong Guan, Min Jiao, Pengyu Hu

“…Based on the NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis product, NOAA monthly sea surface temperature (SST) dataset, and daily precipitation data collected at observational stations provided by Meteorological Information Center of China Meteorological Administration, the present study analyzes characteristic circulation anomalies conducive to regional extreme daily precipitation in the summer over Northeast China. …”
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Magnetosphere-Ground Responses and Energy Spectra Analysis of Solar Proton Event on 28 October 2021 by Fang Zhang, Zhenxia Zhang, Dali Zhang, Xinqiao Li, Zhiqiang Ding, Lu Wang, Shujie Li, Zhenghua An, Jilong Zhang

“…Additionally, we compared the observations from the CSES with those from the NOAA satellite and achieved reasonable agreement. …”
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Tests of a New Solar Flare Model Against D and E Region Ionosphere Data by David E. Siskind, McArthur Jones Jr., Jeffrey W. Reep, Doug P. Drob, Srimoyee Samaddar, Scott M. Bailey, Shun‐Rong Zhang

“…This agrees with previously published observations and model estimates, all of which suggest greater HF absorption than the operational D region absorption prediction model (swpc.noaa.gov/products/d‐region‐absorption‐predictions‐d‐rap). …”
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Nighttime Magnetic Perturbation Events Observed in Arctic Canada: 3. Occurrence and Amplitude as Functions of Magnetic Latitude, Local Time, and Magnetic Disturbance Indices by Mark J. Engebretson, Viacheslav A. Pilipenko, Erik S. Steinmetz, Mark B. Moldwin, Martin G. Connors, David H. Boteler, Howard J. Singer, Hermann Opgenoorth, Audrey Schillings, Shin Ohtani, Jesper Gjerloev, Christopher T. Russell

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Thermospheric Temperature and Density Variability During 3–4 February 2022 Minor Geomagnetic Storm by F. I. Laskar, E. K. Sutton, D. Lin, K. R. Greer, S. Aryal, X. Cai, N. M. Pedatella, R. W. Eastes, W. Wang, M. V. Codrescu, W. E. McClintock

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Sources and Trends of CO, O₃, and Aerosols at the Mount Bachelor Observatory (2004–2022) by Noah Bernays, Jakob Johnson, Daniel Jaffe

“…We used various indicators and enhancement ratios to categorize each high-O₃ day: carbon monoxide (CO), aerosol scattering, the water vapor mixing ratio (WV), the aerosol scattering-to-CO ratio, backward trajectories, and the NOAA Hazard Mapping System Fire and Smoke maps. Using these, we identified four causes of high-O₃ days at the MBO: Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere intrusions (UTLS), Asian long-range transport (ALRT), a mixed UTLS/ALRT category, and events enhanced by wildfire emissions. …”
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The anomalously thundery month of June 1925 in southwest Spain: description and synoptic analysis by F. J. Acero, M. Antón, A. J. P. Aparicio, A. J. P. Aparicio, N. Bravo-Paredes, V. M. S. Carrasco, M. C. Gallego, J. A. García, M. Núñez, I. Tovar, J. Vaquero-Martínez, J. M. Vaquero

“…Lastly, we analyzed the synoptic situation of the thunderstorm events by employing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences/Department of Energy (NOAA/CIRES/DOE) 20th Century Reanalysis V3 (20CR) data. …”
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New Lightning‐Derived Vertical Total Electron Content Data Provide Unique Global Ionospheric Measurements by Erin H. Lay, Jeffery D. Tippmann, Kyle C. Wiens, Sarah E. McDonald, Anthony J. Mannucci, Xiaoqing Pi, Anthea Coster, R. Marc Kippen, Michael J. Peterson, Rob Redmon

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Comparison of Empirical and Theoretical Models of the Thermospheric Density Enhancement During the 3–4 February 2022 Geomagnetic Storm by Jianhui He, Elvira Astafyeva, Xinan Yue, Nicholas M. Pedatella, Dong Lin, Timothy J. Fuller‐Rowell, Mariangel Fedrizzi, Mihail Codrescu, Eelco Doornbos, Christian Siemes, Sean Bruinsma, Frederic Pitout, Adam Kubaryk

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The Thermosphere Is a Drag: The 2022 Starlink Incident and the Threat of Geomagnetic Storms to Low Earth Orbit Space Operations by T. E. Berger, M. Dominique, G. Lucas, M. Pilinski, V. Ray, R. Sewell, E. K. Sutton, J. P. Thayer, E. Thiemann

“…We use empirical model (NRLMSIS, JB08, and HASDM) outputs as well as solar extreme ultraviolet occultation and high‐fidelity accelerometer data to show that thermospheric density was at least 20%–30% higher at 210 km relative to the 9 days prior to the launch due to consecutive geomagnetic storms related to solar eruptions from NOAA AR12936 on 29 January 2022. We model the orbital altitude and in‐track position of a Starlink‐like satellite in a low‐drag configuration at 200 km during minor (G1) and extreme (G5) geomagnetic storms to show that an extreme storm would have at least a factor of two higher impact, with cumulative in‐track errors on the order of 10,000 km after a 5‐day duration extreme storm. …”
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