Mucosal Immunization with an Influenza Vector Carrying SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Protects Naïve Mice and Prevents Disease Enhancement in Seropositive Th2-Prone Mice by Mariia V. Sergeeva, Kirill Vasilev, Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko, Nikita Yolshin, Anastasia Pulkina, Daria Shamakova, Anna-Polina Shurygina, Arman Muzhikyan, Dmitry Lioznov, Marina Stukova

“…<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Intranasal vaccination enhances protection against respiratory viruses by providing stimuli to the immune system at the primary site of infection, promoting a balanced and effective response. …”
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Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Key Ferroptosis-Related Genes and Immune Infiltration in Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: Implication of PTGS2 by An W, Luo J, Zhang C, Xiao Q

“…Function enrichment analyses revealed that the FRGs were mainly associated with responses to chemical stress and cytokine signaling in the immune system. Protein–protein interaction network analyses identified 8 hub FRGs including EZH2, EGFR, HIF1A, IL6, PTGS2, MAPK1, IL1B and SRC. …”
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NIR‐II emissive biohybrid nanovesicles as mild‐temperature photothermal antibiofilm agents against acute bacterial skin and skin‐structure infections by Ji Wang, Zhihao Wu, Xiaoxi Ma, Zhihui Huang, Haorong Dong, Jinxin Zhang, Xiaoming Liu, Pengfei Zhang, Shuhuai Yao

“…Bacterial biofilms are naturally resistant to antibiotics and the human immune system, making biofilm‐based infections extremely difficult to treat. …”
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Thymus ad astra, or spaceflight-induced thymic involution by Wataru Muramatsu, Wataru Muramatsu, Maria Maryanovich, Maria Maryanovich, Maria Maryanovich, Taishin Akiyama, Taishin Akiyama, George S. Karagiannis, George S. Karagiannis, George S. Karagiannis, George S. Karagiannis, George S. Karagiannis, George S. Karagiannis

“…Among the most vulnerable organs is the thymus, a cornerstone of immune system functionality, tasked with generating naive T cells essential for adaptive immunity. …”
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Evaluation of two-dimensional ultrasound fetal thymus size in correlation to infection parameters in pregnancies complicated with preterm premature rupture of membranes by Amal Kotb Abdallah, Mohamed Mohesen, Nagwan Kamal, Sahar Mahmoud Abd Elsalam, Sondos Salem, Ehab Salama, Mazen Abdel-Rasheed, Mohamed Eweis

“…Background/aim The thymus is essential for developing the fetal immune system and may show involution upon exposure to acute stress. …”
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Adaptive Immune Response to Model Antigens Is Impaired in Murine Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency-1 Revealing Elevated Activation Thresholds In Vivo by Thorsten Peters, Wilhelm Bloch, Oliver Pabst, Claudia Wickenhauser, Claudia Uthoff-Hachenberg, Susanne V. Schmidt, Georg Varga, Stephan Grabbe, Daniel Kess, Tsvetelina Oreshkova, Anca Sindrilaru, Klaus Addicks, Reinhold Förster, Werner Müller, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek

“…Although extensive in vitro work has established an essential function of β2 integrins in adhesive and signaling properties for cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, their respective participation in an altered adaptive immunity in LAD1 patients are complex and only partly understood in vivo. …”
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CD4 CAR-T cells targeting CD19 play a key role in exacerbating cytokine release syndrome, while maintaining long-term responses by Alice Bergamini, Barbara Camisa, Attilio Bondanza, Fabio Ciceri, Chiara Bonini, Monica Casucci, Beatrice Greco, Camilla Bove, Silvia Arcangeli, Laura Falcone, Rita El Khoury, Anna De Lucia

“…To this aim, we took advantage of immunodeficient mice reconstituted with a human immune system (HuSGM3) and engrafted with the B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line NALM-6, a model that allows to thoroughly study efficacy and toxicity profiles of CD19 CAR-T cell products.Results CD4 CAR-T cells showed superior proliferation and activation potential, which translated into stronger stimulation of myeloid cells, the main triggers of adverse events. …”
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A select inhibitor of MORC2 encapsulated by chimeric membranecoated DNA nanocage target alleviation TNBC progression by Xiaohan Su, Yunbo Luo, Yali Wang, Peng Qu, Jun Liu, Shiqi Han, Cui Ma, Shishan Deng, Qi Liang, Xiaowei Qi, Panke Cheng, Lingmi Hou

“…Furthermore, the biomimetic nanodrug delivery system (PMD) was designed by encapsulating tetrahedral DNA nanostructures with biomimetic cell membrane, and it can efficiently evade the phagocytosis of immune system and target TNBC tissue. Additionally, PMD can markedly enhance the killing effect of Angoline on TNBC tumors. …”
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Moss-pathogen interactions: a review of the current status and future opportunities by Huan Zhang, Huan Zhang, Qilin Yang, Qilin Yang, Leyi Wang, Leyi Wang, Huawei Liu, Huawei Liu, Daoyuan Zhang, Daoyuan Zhang, Cheng-Guo Duan, Xiaoshuang Li, Xiaoshuang Li

“…While sharing the fundamental innate immune systems common to all land plants, mosses have evolved distinct chemical and physical defense mechanisms. …”
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Efficacy of yeast beta-glucan 1,3/1,6 supplementation on respiratory infection, fatigue, immune markers and gut health among moderate stress adults in Klang Valley of Malaysia: pro... by Suzana Shahar, Kalavathy Ramasamy, Norhayati Ibrahim, Nur Nadia Mohamad Habibullah, Munirah Ismail, Mohd Zul Amin Kamaruddin, Shirley Gee Hoon Tang, Mohd Faisal Abdul Hamid

“…Introduction Yeast beta-glucan (YBG) are recognised for enhancing the immune system by activating macrophages, a key defence mechanism. …”
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Investigating the effect of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol-glycosides and phytogenic antioxidants against bacterial chondronecrosis induced by aerosol transmission model by Khawla Alharbi, Andi Asnayanti, Amer Hasan, Wesley J. Vaught, Kathrin Buehler, Jan Dirk Van der Klis, Javier Gonzalez, Michael T. Kidd, Adnan Alrubaye

“…Supplementation of 1,25(OH)2D3 is crucial in regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, immune system, and bone metabolism. 1,25(OH)2D3 glycosides derived from Solanum glaucophyllum (G-1,25(OH)2D3) were hypothesized to mitigate BCO lameness in broilers. …”
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Regulatory T Cell Phenotype Related to Cytokine Expression Patterns in Post‐COVID‐19 Pulmonary Fibrosis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Sara Gangi, Laura Bergantini, Irene Paggi, Marco Spalletti, Paolo Cameli, Elena Bargagli, Miriana d'Alessandro

“…High cytokine values showed a pro‐fibrotic environment in PCLF patients, suggesting dysregulation of the immune system of these patients. Moreover, the immunological similarity between IPF and PCLF patients suggests that SARS‐CoV2 infection may trigger the activation of biological pathways common with IPF.…”
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Inflammatory Indices and MAFLD Prevalence in Hypertensive Patients: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Analysis from China by Shen D, Cai X, Hu J, Song S, Zhu Q, Ma H, Zhang Y, Ma R, Zhou P, Yang W, Hong J, Zhang D, Li N

“…Di Shen,1,&ast; Xintian Cai,2,&ast; Junli Hu,2 Shuaiwei Song,1 Qing Zhu,2 Huimin Ma,2 Yingying Zhang,2 Rui Ma,2 Pan Zhou,2 Wenbo Yang,2 Jing Hong,2 Delian Zhang,2 Nanfang Li2 1Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Hypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Nanfang Li, Hypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region “Hypertension Research Laboratory”, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumuqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 8564818, Email lnanfang2016@sina.comObjective: Hypertension development and progression are largely influenced by inflammation, which plays a critical role by activating the immune system and causing damage to the vascular endothelium. …”
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Lactic acid in the vaginal milieu modulates the Candida-host interaction by Diletta Rosati, Marisa Valentine, Mariolina Bruno, Arnab Pradhan, Axel Dietschmann, Martin Jaeger, Ian Leaves, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Leo A.B. Joosten, Sumita Roy, Mark H. T. Stappers, Neil A.R. Gow, Bernhard Hube, Alistair J.P. Brown, Mark S. Gresnigt, Mihai G. Netea

“…We examined how lactic acid abundance in the vaginal niche impacts the interaction between C. albicans and the human immune system using an in vitro culture in vaginal simulative medium (VSM). …”
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Hubungan Diare dengan Status Gizi Balita di Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya Kecamatan Koto Tangah Kota Padang by Alania Rosari, Eka Agustia Rini, Masrul Masrul

“…Malnutrition may increase the risk of infectious disease because the immune system is decreased. Otherwise, infectious disease can also affect the nutritional status because of decreased food intake, malabsorption, and increased body catabolism. …”
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Insights into the mechanisms of serplulimab: a distinctive anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, in combination with a TIGIT or LAG3 inhibitor in preclinical tumor immunotherapy studies by Yizhou Zhang, Ruicheng Wei, Ge Song, Xinyi Yang, Mengli Zhang, Wei Liu, Aiying Xiong, Xuehan Zhang, Qianhao Li, Wan-Jen Yang, Chencheng Han, Rui Liu, Chen Hu, Qingyu Wang, Jun Zhu, Yongqiang Shan

“…Mechanistically, the serplulimab combination effectively reduces tumor microenvironment Treg cell populations, augments effector and memory T cell populations, and more potently modulates genes associated with diverse facets of the immune system, surpassing the effects of the pembrolizumab combination. …”
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Immune Profile Differences between IgG4-Related Diseases and Primary Sj&ouml;gren&rsquo;s Syndrome by Qin Y, Shang L, Wang Y, Feng M, Liang Z, Wang N, Gao C, Luo J

“…Moreover, IgG4-RD patients with mouth and eye dryness had higher levels of B (p = 0.006), Th (p = 0.026), Th2 (p = 0.007), and Treg cells (p = 0.028) than IgG4-RD patients without mouth and eye dryness.Conclusion: Immune system disorder is an outstanding feature of IgG4-RD, and its feature differ from pSS. …”
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Taxonomic composition and biodiversity of the gut microbiome from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and asthma by A. Y. Tikunov, A. N. Shvalov, V. V. Morozov, I. V. Babkin, G. V. Seledtsova, I. O. Voloshina, I. P. Ivanova, A. V. Bardasheva, V. V. Morozova, V. V. Vlasov, N. V. Tikunova

“…To date, the association of an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota with various human diseases, including both diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and disorders of the immune system, has been shown. However, despite the huge amount of accumulated data, many key questions still remain unanswered. …”
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Bifurcation analysis of multistability and hysteresis in a model of HIV infection by I. V. Mironov, M. Yu. Khristichenk, Yu. M. Nechepurenko, D. S. Grebennikov, G. A. Bocharov

“…For this reason, it is extremely important to use methods of mathematical modeling of HIV-1 infection dynamics for theoretical analysis of possibilities of reducing the viral load by affecting the immune system without the usage of antiviral therapy. …”
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Immunogenetics of longevity and its association with human endogenous retrovirus K by Lisa M. James, Lisa M. James, Lisa M. James, Apostolos P. Georgopoulos, Apostolos P. Georgopoulos, Apostolos P. Georgopoulos, Apostolos P. Georgopoulos

“…IntroductionThe human immune system is equipped to neutralize and eliminate viruses and other foreign antigens via binding of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules with foreign antigen epitopes and presenting them to T cells. …”
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