Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Inbred Lines Reveal Candidate Genes for Response to Maize Lethal Necrosis by Ann Murithi, Gayathri Panangipalli, Zhengyu Wen, Michael S. Olsen, Thomas Lübberstedt, Kanwarpal S. Dhugga, Mark Jung

“…Key findings included the identification of components of the plant innate immune system, such as differentially regulated R genes (mainly LRRs), and activation/deactivation of virus resistance pathways, including RNA interference (RNAi) via <i>Argonaute</i> (AGO), <i>Dicer-like proteins</i>, and the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) via <i>RING/U-box</i> and <i>ubiquitin ligases</i>. …”
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Humoral and Cellular Immune Regulation in Albino Rat Exposed to Glyphosate and Aluminum Phosphide by Ujuamala Ezeani, Onyemaechi Afonne, Michael Ezeani

“…Additionally, there was a notable reduction in CD4+ levels at the second and third months post-exposure (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively).Conclusion: This study identified a deregulation of the immune system characterized by a progressive immunosuppression of CD4 T cell counts, indicating a down regulation of antibody-mediated (humoral) immune responses alongside an up regulation of cytotoxic T cells. …”
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IL-33 Aggravates DSS-Induced Acute Colitis in Mouse Colon Lamina Propria by Enhancing Th2 Cell Responses by Junfeng Zhu, Fangli Yang, Lixuan Sang, Jingbo Zhai, Xiaoqing Zhang, Dan Yue, Shengjun Li, Yan Li, Changlong Lu, Xun Sun

“…Interleukin- (IL-) 33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is an important modulator of the immune system associated with several immune-mediated diseases. …”
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An Overview of the Intrinsic Role of Citrullination in Autoimmune Disorders by Mohammed Alghamdi, Doaa Alasmari, Amjad Assiri, Ehab Mattar, Abdullah A. Aljaddawi, Sana G. Alattas, Elrashdy M. Redwan

“…A defect in the clearance system either in terms of efficiency or capacity may occur due to massive cell death, which may result in the accumulation and leakage of PAD enzymes and the citrullinated peptide from the necrotized cell which could be recognized by the immune system, where the immunological tolerance will be avoided and the autoimmune disorders will be subsequently triggered. …”
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Toll-like receptors in atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications by Ahmad Vafaeian, Fateme Rajabi, Nima Rezaei

“…Toll-like receptors (TLR), the key players of the innate immune system, contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) through multiple pathways. …”
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Contemporary nutrition-based interventions to reduce risk of infection among elderly long-term care residents: A scoping review. by Athanasios Psihogios, Claudia Madampage, Brent E Faught

“…The nutritional status of the host can influence susceptibility to infection by altering immune system integrity, therefore, nutrition-based interventions may be a viable complement to existing infection prevention measures.…”
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Data-independent LC-MS/MS analysis of ME/CFS plasma reveals a dysregulated coagulation system, endothelial dysfunction, downregulation of complement machinery by Massimo Nunes, Mare Vlok, Amy Proal, Douglas B. Kell, Etheresia Pretorius

“…The findings from this experiment further implicate the coagulation and immune system in ME/CFS, and bring to attention the pathology of or imposed on the endothelium. …”
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Alteration of Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Iranian Children with COVID-19 by Sedigheh Shams, Aileen Azari-Yam, Moeinadin Safavi, Zahra Zamani, Maryam Sotoudeh-Anvari, Meisam Sharifzadeh Ekbatani, Mohammad-Taghi Haghi-Ashtiani, Fatemeh Mozafari, Bahareh Yaghmaie, Leila Shafeghat

“…COVID-19 is an acute viral disease that has so far infected more than 200 million and killed more than four million worldwide. It affects the immune system and other organs. Here, we investigated the level of free plasma amino acids in COVID-19 patients and compared them with non-COVID-19 subjects. …”
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Roles of fermented plant-, dairy- and meat-based foods in the modulation of allergic responses by Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim, Nur Hazlin Hazrin-Chong, Hanis Hazeera Harith, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, Rashidah Sukor

“…Positive outcomes on AR through fermented foods could be linked to microbial hydrolysis of food allergens, improvement in gut microbiota robustness, and modulation of the immune system that promotes a balance between T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells. …”
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PROFILE OF HIV/AIDS PATIENTS COINFECTED WITH TUBERCULOSIS IN IBNU SINA DISTRICT HOSPITAL, GRESIK,EAST JAVA, INDONESIA by Lilik N. Widyaningrum, Dwi W. Indriati, Diyantoro, Aliyah Siti Sundari

“…A person with a weak immune system, especially people with HIV/AIDS, is very susceptible to various diseases, such as tuberculosis. …”
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Paracrine Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Angiogenesis by Selma Maacha, Heba Sidahmed, Shana Jacob, Giusy Gentilcore, Rita Calzone, Jean-Charles Grivel, Chiara Cugno

“…The role of the mesenchymal stromal cell- (MSC-) derived secretome is becoming increasingly intriguing from a clinical perspective due to its ability to stimulate endogenous tissue repair processes as well as its effective regulation of the immune system, mimicking the therapeutic effects produced by the MSCs. …”
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Prevalence of Dermatological Presentations of Canine Leishmaniasis in a Nonendemic Area: A Retrospective Study of 100 Dogs by Roberta Perego, Daniela Proverbio, Giada Bagnagatti De Giorgi, Eva Spada

“…In this study dermatological manifestations of CanL were very commonly reported, and their prevalence is similar to previous studies in endemic areas despite the fact that dogs living in nonendemic areas are not exposed to repeated infectious bites and continuous stimulation of the dermal immune system.…”
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The follow-up of patients with celiac disease by Marco Di Tola, Hetty J. Bontkes, Juan Irure-Ventura, Marcos López-Hoyos, Nicola Bizzaro

“…Celiac disease (CD) is a very common immune-mediated enteropathy resulting from the interaction between dietary gluten and the immune system in genetically predisposed individuals. …”
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Role of Mast Cells and Type 2 Innate Lymphoid (ILC2) Cells in Lung Transplantation by Esmaeil Mortaz, Saeede Amani, Sharon Mumby, Ian M. Adcock, Mehrnaz Movassaghi, Jelle Folkerts, Johan Garssen, Gert Folkerts

“…The multifunctional role of mast cells (MCs) in the immune system is complex and has not fully been explored. …”
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Predicting the Number of COVID-19 Sufferers in Malang City Using the Backpropagation Neural Network with the Fletcher–Reeves Method by Syaiful Anam, Mochamad Hakim Akbar Assidiq Maulana, Noor Hidayat, Indah Yanti, Zuraidah Fitriah, Dwi Mifta Mahanani

“…The spread of COVID-19 needs to be suppressed because COVID-19 can cause death, especially for sufferers with congenital diseases and a weak immune system. COVID-19 spreads through direct contact, wherein the infected individual spreads the COVID-19 virus through cough, sneeze, or close contacts. …”
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Correlations of inflammatory processes caused by cerebral stroke with the outcome of the disease by A. Vaitkus, J. Valinčiūtė, S. Gylytė

“…Therapeutic approaches that enhance pro-inflammatory cytokines and the immune system may be useful in preventing cognitive dysfunction, particularly after stroke. …”
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Contrast-Induced Acute Renal Injury and Related Pathological Alterations In Vivo by Yanfei Li, Dafa Shi, Haoran Zhang, Xiang Yao, Ke Ren

“…The definitive mechanisms of CI-AKI include contrast medium (CM) nephrotoxicity and CM disturbances in renal blood flow, but how the immune system responds to CM has rarely been mentioned in previous studies, and different cell death pathways have not been clearly distinguished. …”
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Innate Immune Recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Johanneke Kleinnijenhuis, Marije Oosting, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Reinout Van Crevel

“…Innate immunity plays an important role in the host defense against M. tuberculosis, and the first step in this process is recognition of MTB by cells of the innate immune system. Several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) are involved in the recognition of M. tuberculosis, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and Nod-like receptors (NLRs). …”
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Intestinal Immunomodulatory Cells (T Lymphocytes): A Bridge between Gut Microbiota and Diabetes by Qingwei Li, Zezheng Gao, Han Wang, Haoran Wu, Yanwen Liu, Yingying Yang, Lin Han, Xinmiao Wang, Linhua Zhao, Xiaolin Tong

“…Immunomodulatory cells play important roles in maintaining the normal functioning of the human immune system and in maintaining homeostasis. Intestinal immunomodulatory cells (IICs) are located in the intestinal mucosa and are regarded as an intermediary by which the gut microbiota affects physiological and pathological properties. …”
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Combination therapy of low-dose radiotherapy and immunotherapy in advanced metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case report and literature review by Chun-Qiao Chen, Hui Huang, Min Pan, Zhe Jia, Jing Zhang, Qiu-Qiu Chen

“…The patient was treated with a high-dose of radiation therapy combined with LDRT and immunotherapy to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and activate the body's immune system. The initial treatment procedure was as follows: chemotherapy regimen (nedaplatin + docetaxel + fluorouracil) induction, followed by radical radiotherapy for the primary lesion, LDRT for the L5 vertebral body metastasis, and concurrent use of low-dose capecitabine beat chemotherapy and toripalimab immunotherapy. …”
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